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Articles 2311 - 2340 of 4868

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Coastal Reservoirs Can Harness Stormwater, Shu-Qing Yang, Scott Ferguson Jan 2010

Coastal Reservoirs Can Harness Stormwater, Shu-Qing Yang, Scott Ferguson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.


Coastal Dams Are An Alternative To Desalination, Shu-Qing Yang Jan 2010

Coastal Dams Are An Alternative To Desalination, Shu-Qing Yang

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.


Genetic Tests Of The Isolation Of Rare Coastal Dwarf Populations Of Banksia Spinulosa, Eleanor K. O'Brien, Lucia A. Aguilar, David J. Ayre, Robert J. Whelan Jan 2010

Genetic Tests Of The Isolation Of Rare Coastal Dwarf Populations Of Banksia Spinulosa, Eleanor K. O'Brien, Lucia A. Aguilar, David J. Ayre, Robert J. Whelan

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

In southern New South Wales, a suite of widespread plant species exhibit short-statured 'dwarf' growth forms on coastal headlands. It is unclear whether such populations are genetically distinct or whether dwarfism is a plastic response to the environment. We used four microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation among populations from coastal and inland sites for Banksia spinulosa var. spinulosa. We sampled plants from six locations, including from three 'dwarf' and three 'normal' populations. Mean levels of genetic diversity were slightly higher in the forest (Na≤7. 07±0.25; He≤0.80±0.09) than on the coast (N a≤5.92±0.70; He≤0.72±0.10). In general, populations displayed genotypic diversity …


Managing The Ground Parrot In Its Fiery Habitat In South-Eastern Australia, Jack Baker, Robert J. Whelan, Lyn Evans, Stephen Moore, Melinda Norton Jan 2010

Managing The Ground Parrot In Its Fiery Habitat In South-Eastern Australia, Jack Baker, Robert J. Whelan, Lyn Evans, Stephen Moore, Melinda Norton

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Ground Parrot (Pezoporus wallicus) is a rare and iconic endemic of heathlands in southern Australia. It is threatened by frequent and widespreadfire. The species has been an integral element in the development of our understanding of the impacts offire regimes in heathlands and is an integral part of conservation management of thesefire-prone ecosystems. This long-term study documents the densities of Ground Parrots in three areas of long-unburnt habitat in southernNewSouth Wales. Using area searches and aural surveys, we estimated densities of Ground Parrots at Barren Grounds Nature Reserve–Budderoo National Park (1983–2009), Beecroft Weapons Range (1997–2008) and Nadgee Nature Reserve …


Management Of Amphibian Populations In Booderee National Park, South-Eastern Australia, Trent D. Penman, Traecey Brassil Jan 2010

Management Of Amphibian Populations In Booderee National Park, South-Eastern Australia, Trent D. Penman, Traecey Brassil

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Often land set aside for conservation becomes a multiple use area, which forces land managers to balance biodiversity values against competing needs. Booderee National Park is an important conservation reserve for a range of amphibian species in south-eastern Australia. The Park includes a number of townships, defence facilities, and recreation areas, as well as land for conservation. We examined amphibian communities in the area and related these to broad habitat features and identified potential threats to the long term viability of these populations. Two distinct assemblages occurred within the Park that could be related to broad habitat features of the …


The Nature Of Flooding, Robert P. Bourman Jan 2010

The Nature Of Flooding, Robert P. Bourman

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.


Soil Geochemistry And Pathfinder Element Distribution Associated With The Hillgrove Antimony-Gold-Tungsten Deposit, New England Orogen, Nsw, R Ellsmore, Solomon Buckman, C Simpson Jan 2010

Soil Geochemistry And Pathfinder Element Distribution Associated With The Hillgrove Antimony-Gold-Tungsten Deposit, New England Orogen, Nsw, R Ellsmore, Solomon Buckman, C Simpson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.


Waterlogging Increases The Infestation Level Of The Pest Psyllid Creiis Lituratus On Eucalyptus Dunnii, Christine Stone, Kathryn Chestnut, Trent Penman, Doland Nichols Jan 2010

Waterlogging Increases The Infestation Level Of The Pest Psyllid Creiis Lituratus On Eucalyptus Dunnii, Christine Stone, Kathryn Chestnut, Trent Penman, Doland Nichols

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The lerp-forming psyllid, Creiis lituratus Froggatt, is the most damaging pest of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden plantations growing in north-eastern New South Wales. During the past 10 years there have been numerous reports that stands of E. dunnii planted on low-lying areas that were prone to waterlogging were also prone to infestation by C. lituratus. The objective of this shadehouse study was to determine whether C. lituratus prefers young E. dunnii exposed to intermittent waterlogging compared with other treatments (drought, normal watering and a control using normal watering plus an insecticide). Also we assessed whether the nutritional status of E. dunnii …


Calibration Of The Total Carbon Column Observing Network Using Aircraft Profile Data, Debra Wunch, G C Toon, Paul O. Wennberg, Steven C. Wofsy, Robert S. Stephens, M K.R. Fischer, O Uchino, J Abshire, P Bernath, S C Biraud, J-F Blavier, C Boone, K P. Bowman, E V. Browell, T Campos, B Connor, Bruce C. Daube, Nicholas M. Deutscher, M Diao, J W. Elkins, Christoph Gerbig, E Gottlieb, David W. Griffith, D F. Hurst, Rodrigo Jimenez, Gretchen Keppel-Aleks, E A. Kort, Ronald Macatangay, T Machidda, H Matsueda, F Moore, I Morino, S Park, J Robinson, C M. Roehl, Y Sawa, V Sherlock, C Sweeney, T Tanaka, M A. Zondlo Jan 2010

Calibration Of The Total Carbon Column Observing Network Using Aircraft Profile Data, Debra Wunch, G C Toon, Paul O. Wennberg, Steven C. Wofsy, Robert S. Stephens, M K.R. Fischer, O Uchino, J Abshire, P Bernath, S C Biraud, J-F Blavier, C Boone, K P. Bowman, E V. Browell, T Campos, B Connor, Bruce C. Daube, Nicholas M. Deutscher, M Diao, J W. Elkins, Christoph Gerbig, E Gottlieb, David W. Griffith, D F. Hurst, Rodrigo Jimenez, Gretchen Keppel-Aleks, E A. Kort, Ronald Macatangay, T Machidda, H Matsueda, F Moore, I Morino, S Park, J Robinson, C M. Roehl, Y Sawa, V Sherlock, C Sweeney, T Tanaka, M A. Zondlo

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) produces precise measurements of the column average dry-air mole fractions of CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and H2O at a variety of sites worldwide. These observations rely on spectroscopic parameters that are not known with sufficient accuracy to compute total columns that can be used in combination with in situ measurements. The TCCON must therefore be calibrated to World Meteorological Orga-nization (WMO) in situ trace gas measurement scales. We present a calibration of TCCON data using WMO-scale instrumentation aboard aircraft that measured profiles over four TCCON stations during 2008 and 2009. These calibrations are …


Photochemical Tissue Bonding With Chitosan Adhesive Films, A Lauto, Damia Mawad, Matthew Barton, Abhishek Gupta, Sabine Piller, James Hook Jan 2010

Photochemical Tissue Bonding With Chitosan Adhesive Films, A Lauto, Damia Mawad, Matthew Barton, Abhishek Gupta, Sabine Piller, James Hook

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Background: Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is a promising sutureless technique for tissue repair. PTB is often achieved by applying a solution of rose bengal (RB) between two tissue edges, which are irradiated by a green laser to crosslink collagen fibers with minimal heat production. In this study, RB has been incorporated in chitosan films to create a novel tissue adhesive that is laser-activated. Methods: Adhesive films, based on chitosan and containing ~0.1 wt% RB were manufactured and bonded to calf intestine by a solid state laser (l = 532 nm, Fluence~110 J/cm2, spot size~0.5 cm). A single-column tensiometer, interfaced with …


Preliminary Validation Of Column-Averaged Volume Mixing Ratios Of Carbon Dioxide And Methane Retrieved From Gosat Short-Wavelength Infrared Spectra, I Morino, O Uchino, M Inoue, Y Yoshida, T Yokota, P Wennberg, G C Toon, Debra Wunch, C M. Roehl, J Notholt, T Warneke, Janina Messerschmidt, David W. Griffith, Nicholas M. Deutscher, V Sherlock, B Connor, J Robinson, R Sussmann, M Rettinger Jan 2010

Preliminary Validation Of Column-Averaged Volume Mixing Ratios Of Carbon Dioxide And Methane Retrieved From Gosat Short-Wavelength Infrared Spectra, I Morino, O Uchino, M Inoue, Y Yoshida, T Yokota, P Wennberg, G C Toon, Debra Wunch, C M. Roehl, J Notholt, T Warneke, Janina Messerschmidt, David W. Griffith, Nicholas M. Deutscher, V Sherlock, B Connor, J Robinson, R Sussmann, M Rettinger

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and methane retrieved from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed observation (GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4) were compared with the reference data ob- 5 tained by ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometers (g-b FTSs) participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Through calibrations of g-b FTSs with airborne in-situ measurements, the uncertainty of XCO2 and XCH4 associated with the g-b FTS was determined to be 0.8 ppm (0.2%) and 4 ppb (0.2%), respectively. The GOSAT products are validated with 10 these calibrated g-b FTS data. Preliminary results are as follows: …


Disruption Of Recruitment In Two Endemic Palms On Lord Howe Island By Invasive Rats, Tony D. Auld, Ian Hutton, Mark Ooi, Andrew J. Denham Jan 2010

Disruption Of Recruitment In Two Endemic Palms On Lord Howe Island By Invasive Rats, Tony D. Auld, Ian Hutton, Mark Ooi, Andrew J. Denham

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Invasive species may have negative impacts on many narrow range endemics and species restricted to oceanic islands. Predicting recent impacts of invasive species on long-lived trees is difficult because the presence of adult plants may mask population changes. We examined the impact of introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) on two palm species restricted to cloud forests and endemic to Lord Howe Island, a small oceanic island in the southern Pacific. We combined estimates of the standing size distribution of these palms with the proximal impacts of rats on fruit survival in areas baited to control rats and in unbaited areas. …


Quasielastic And Elastic Scattering Studies Of Aligned Dmpc Multilayers At Different Hydrations, Marcus Trapp, Thomas Gutberlet, Fanni Juranyi, Moeava Tehei, Lambert Van Eijck, T Unruh, Judith Peters Jan 2010

Quasielastic And Elastic Scattering Studies Of Aligned Dmpc Multilayers At Different Hydrations, Marcus Trapp, Thomas Gutberlet, Fanni Juranyi, Moeava Tehei, Lambert Van Eijck, T Unruh, Judith Peters

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Lipid model membranes such as 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC) serve as role models for their more complex counterparts in biological systems. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) [1-3], inelastic neutron scattering (INS) [4] and neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) [5] have been employed to study local as well as collective dynamics of these membranes on a ps-ns time scale. Most of these studies lack a systematic investigation of the behavior of the model membranes in dependence on their hydration. We now started a detailed investigation of hydration effect on model membrane systems. The complexity of the dynamics can be further reduced by selective deuteration, …


Mapping Science Subjects: A Ground Up Approach, Glennys A. O'Brien, Lorna Jarrett, Emily Rose Purser, Christine A. Brown Jan 2010

Mapping Science Subjects: A Ground Up Approach, Glennys A. O'Brien, Lorna Jarrett, Emily Rose Purser, Christine A. Brown

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The need to clearly demonstrate the components and outcomes of a curriculum is a major factor in the drive for quality assurance manifest across the tertiary education sector. This project is a detailed gathering of commentary and data about the subjects offered in the Faculty of Science, UOW. The project aims to provide a means of tracking concept and skill development through curricula, to identify sharable resources and teaching practice, to clarify support needs and to provide a means for storing and maintaining an ongoing record of commentary and data about each subject. The investigative approach is a type of …


Place Making: Mapping Culture, Creating Places: Collisions Of Science And Art, Christopher R. Gibson Jan 2010

Place Making: Mapping Culture, Creating Places: Collisions Of Science And Art, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The arts have much to offer the reinvention of places: generating new forms of employment in cultural work, contributing to public culture through festivals and events, and appropriating spaces in the built environments of our cities and towns for artistic expression. Filtering artistic attempts to re-make places are three key competing pressures: first, the demands of regional development managers, treasury bureaucrats and council general managers for accountability, ‘hard data’ and measurable outcomes; second, desires of local residents, non-profit organisations and community development specialists to use the arts as a means to promote social inclusion and recognition of social difference; and …


Linking Measured Carbon Dioxide Exchange By Sugarcane Crops And Biomass Production, O T Denmead, B.C.T. Macdonald, I. White, David W. Griffith, G Bryant, Travis A. Naylor, Stephen R. Wilson, W J. Wang Jan 2010

Linking Measured Carbon Dioxide Exchange By Sugarcane Crops And Biomass Production, O T Denmead, B.C.T. Macdonald, I. White, David W. Griffith, G Bryant, Travis A. Naylor, Stephen R. Wilson, W J. Wang

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

CARBON TRADING and the growing interest in biofuel production from sugarcane necessitate the ability to measure gains and losses of soil organic C which may occur as a result. Modelling and soil sampling suggest that changes in soil C are likely to be < 1 t C/ha/y. Published accounts indicate that confirming such small changes by traditional soil sampling is error-prone and requires investigations of > 10 years. The paper explores the possibility of calculating soil gains or losses by subtracting the carbon stored in the crop biomass from the carbon gained by the crop through the uptake of carbon dioxide supplied by the atmosphere and processes in the soil. Although uptake and storage very nearly balanced each other in one–year measurements in …


Restored Nature, Familiar Culture: Contesting Visions For Preferred Environments In Australian Cities, D. Trigger, Lesley M. Head Jan 2010

Restored Nature, Familiar Culture: Contesting Visions For Preferred Environments In Australian Cities, D. Trigger, Lesley M. Head

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

How are preferences for “native” and “introduced” species of plants and animals given expression in Australian cities? Given the nation's predominantly European cultural heritage, how do urban Australians articulate multiple desires for living environments encountered in everyday life? In examining the cases of inner city parks, backyards, and more general views about flora and fauna appropriate for the city, the paper considers a range of deeply enculturated attachments to familiar landscapes. While residents have considerable interest in the possibilities of urban ecological restoration, our interviews, ethnographic observation, and textual analysis also reveal cultural preferences for introduced species and emplaced attachments …


A Combined Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Ion Solvation In Liquid N-Methylacetamide, Haibo Yu, Christopher L. Mazzanti, Troy W. Whitfield, Roger E. Koeppe Ii, Olaf S. Andersen, Benoit Roux Jan 2010

A Combined Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Ion Solvation In Liquid N-Methylacetamide, Haibo Yu, Christopher L. Mazzanti, Troy W. Whitfield, Roger E. Koeppe Ii, Olaf S. Andersen, Benoit Roux

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Most current biomolecular simulations are based on potential energy functions that treat the electrostatic energy as a sum of pairwise Coulombic interactions between effective fixed atomic charges. This approximation, in which many-body induced polarization effects are included in an average way, is expected to be satisfactory for a wide range of systems, but less accurate for processes involving the transfer and partition of ions among heterogeneous environments. The limitations of these potential energy functions are perhaps most obvious in studies of ion permeation through membrane channels. In many cases, the pore is so narrow that the permeating ion must shed …


Assessing The Accuracy Of Approximate Treatments Of Ion Hydration Based On Primitive Quasichemical Theory, Benoit Roux, Haibo Yu Jan 2010

Assessing The Accuracy Of Approximate Treatments Of Ion Hydration Based On Primitive Quasichemical Theory, Benoit Roux, Haibo Yu

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Quasichemical theory (QCT) provides a framework that can be used to partition the influence of the solvent surrounding an ion into near and distant contributions. Within QCT, the solvation properties of the ion are expressed as a sum of configurational integrals comprising only the ion and a small number of solvent molecules. QCT adopts a particularly simple form if it is assumed that the clusters undergo only small thermal fluctuations around a well-defined energy minimum and are affected exclusively in a mean-field sense by the surrounding bulk solvent. The fluctuations can then be integrated out via a simple vibrational analysis, …


Extrusion Printing Conducting Gel-Carbon Nanotube Structures Upon Flexible Substrates, Geoffrey Pidcock, Marc In Het Panhuis Jan 2010

Extrusion Printing Conducting Gel-Carbon Nanotube Structures Upon Flexible Substrates, Geoffrey Pidcock, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Extrusion printing was investigatedas a wet-processing method forfabrication of robust, flexible conductingstructures. Layer resistance values of 7 -8 kO/cm were obtained for one printedlayer on flexible substrates. Increasingthe number of extrusion printed layer significantlyimproved resistance.


6 Ghz Microstrip Patch Antennas With Pedot And Polypyrrole Conducting Polymers, Akhilesh Verma, Bo Weng, Roderick L. Shepherd, Christophe Fumeaux, Van Tan Truong, Gordon G. Wallace, Bevan D. Bates Jan 2010

6 Ghz Microstrip Patch Antennas With Pedot And Polypyrrole Conducting Polymers, Akhilesh Verma, Bo Weng, Roderick L. Shepherd, Christophe Fumeaux, Van Tan Truong, Gordon G. Wallace, Bevan D. Bates

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Two 6 GHz microstrip patch antennas made from conducting polymers with relatively low DC conductivity such as PEDOT (10000 S/m) and PPy (2000 S/m) are presented. The performance of these patch antennas is compared with a similar copper patch antenna. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain reasonable performance albeit with modest radiation efficiencies. The PEDOT antenna achieved a maximum gain of 2.2 dB, while the PPy antenna reached a gain of 3.8 dB, as against 6.0 dB for a corresponding Cu patch antenna The results confirm the potential of polymer materials for microwave antennas and suggest that …


Identification Of Human Plasma Proteins As Major Clients For The Extracellular Chaperone Clusterin, Amy R. Wyatt, Mark R. Wilson Jan 2010

Identification Of Human Plasma Proteins As Major Clients For The Extracellular Chaperone Clusterin, Amy R. Wyatt, Mark R. Wilson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone that is likely to play an important role in protein folding quality control. This study identified three deposition disease-associated proteins as major plasma clients for clusterin by studying CLU-client complexes formed in response to physiologically relevant stress (shear stress, similar to 36 dynes/cm(2) at 37 degrees C). Analysis of plasma samples by size exclusion chromatography indicated that (i) relative to control plasma, stressed plasma contained proportionally more soluble protein species of high molecular weight, and (ii) high molecular weight species were far more abundant when proteins purified by anti-CLU immunoaffinity chromatography from stressed plasma …


The Two-Faced Nature Of Small Heat Shock Proteins: Amyloid Assembly And The Inhibition Of Fibril Formation. Relevance To Disease States, Heath W. Ecroyd, S Meehan, John A. Carver Jan 2010

The Two-Faced Nature Of Small Heat Shock Proteins: Amyloid Assembly And The Inhibition Of Fibril Formation. Relevance To Disease States, Heath W. Ecroyd, S Meehan, John A. Carver

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The ability of small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) such as alphaB-crystallin to inhibit the amorphous (disordered) aggregation of varied target proteins in a chaperone-like manner has been well described. The mechanistic details of this action are not understood. Amyloid fibril formation is an alternative off-folding pathway that leads to highly ordered beta-sheet-containing aggregates. Amyloid fibril formation is associated with a broad range of protein conformational diseases such as Alzhiemer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's and sHsp expression is elevated in the protein deposits that are characteristic of these disease states. The ability of sHsps to prevent fibril formation has been less well characterised. …


To Germinate Or Not To Germinate: More Than Just A Question Of Dormancy, Ken Thompson, Mark K. J Ooi Jan 2010

To Germinate Or Not To Germinate: More Than Just A Question Of Dormancy, Ken Thompson, Mark K. J Ooi

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Consider the following four quotations concerning the distinction between breaking dormancy and stimulating germination.


Trend In Ice Moistening The Stratosphere-Constraints From Isotope Data Of Water And Methane, J. Northolt, G C. Toon, S Fueglistaler, P O. Wennberg, F Irion, M Mccarthy, M Scharringhausen, T Siek Rhee, A Kleinbohl, Voltaire A. Velazco Jan 2010

Trend In Ice Moistening The Stratosphere-Constraints From Isotope Data Of Water And Methane, J. Northolt, G C. Toon, S Fueglistaler, P O. Wennberg, F Irion, M Mccarthy, M Scharringhausen, T Siek Rhee, A Kleinbohl, Voltaire A. Velazco

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Water plays a major role in the chemistry and radiative budget of the stratosphere. Air enters the stratosphere predominantly in the tropics, where the very low temperatures around the tropopause constrain water vapour mixing ratios to a few parts per million. Observations of stratospheric water vapour show a large positive long-term trend, which can not be explained by change in tropopause temperatures. Trends in the partitioning between vapour and ice of water entering the stratosphere have been suggested to resolve this conundrum. We present measurements of stratospheric H2O, HDO, CH4 and CH3D in the period …


Book Review: "Troubled Waters: Confronting The Water Crisis In Australia's Cities" By Patrick Troy (Ed.), Leah M. Gibbs Jan 2010

Book Review: "Troubled Waters: Confronting The Water Crisis In Australia's Cities" By Patrick Troy (Ed.), Leah M. Gibbs

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Troubled Waters is a collection of essays edited by Patrick Troy, Emeritus Professor and Visiting Fellow at the Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University. The papers are contributed by a multidisciplinary group of authors, from the fields of economics, history, geography, environmental and social policy and law. As a result, the book does not present a single theoretical or methodological approach and in this regard it is refreshing. The book is published by the ANU E Press; a publisher that makes academic output from the ANU freely available from its website, as well as for purchase through …


In Situ Growth Of Sno2 On Graphene Nanosheets As Advanced Anode Materials For Rechargeable Lithium Batteries, Xiaowei Yang, Yu-Shi He, Xiao-Zhen Liao, Jun Chen, Gordon G. Wallace, Zi-Feng Ma Jan 2010

In Situ Growth Of Sno2 On Graphene Nanosheets As Advanced Anode Materials For Rechargeable Lithium Batteries, Xiaowei Yang, Yu-Shi He, Xiao-Zhen Liao, Jun Chen, Gordon G. Wallace, Zi-Feng Ma

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Graphene with a single layer of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice is one of attractive materials for the intercalation of lithium ion, but it has low volumetric capacity owing to low tap density. We report a method for in situ growth of SnO2 on graphene nanosheets (SGN) as anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. The results indicated that the SnO2 nanoparticles with size in the range of 5-10 nm and a polycrystalline structure are homogeneously supported on graphene nanosheets. The charge and discharge capacities of SGN attained to 1559.7 and 779.7 mAh/g in the first cycle …


Evidence Of Solar And Tropical-Ocean Forcing Of Hydroclimate Cycles In Southeastern Australia For The Past 6500 Years, Hamish A. Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, Joshua Soderholm, John Denholm Jan 2010

Evidence Of Solar And Tropical-Ocean Forcing Of Hydroclimate Cycles In Southeastern Australia For The Past 6500 Years, Hamish A. Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, Joshua Soderholm, John Denholm

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Evidence of solar and tropical‐ocean forcing of climate cycles has been found in numerous palaeoclimate records. Numerical modelling studies show physical mechanisms by which direct and indirect solar forcing may affect climate, while there is mounting evidence of solar forcing of tropical ocean‐atmosphere teleconnections. This study has developed a 6500 year record of dust deposition, a proxy for regional hydroclimate variability for the Snowy Mountains region of Australia. Spectral analysis of the record provides evidence of statistically significant cycles in dust deposition of 35–43 years, 62–73 years, 161 years and 2200 years. These correlate with variability in solar irradiance and …


The Response Of Melita Plumulosa To Continuous And Pulsed Exposures To Contaminated Sediment: A Study Of Avoidance And Toxicity, D J. Ward, D F. Jolley, Stuart L. Simpson Jan 2010

The Response Of Melita Plumulosa To Continuous And Pulsed Exposures To Contaminated Sediment: A Study Of Avoidance And Toxicity, D J. Ward, D F. Jolley, Stuart L. Simpson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The distribution of contaminants is seldom homogeneous in aquatic systems and microniches within benthic sediments can make them particularly heterogeneous. Following exposure to ‘pulsed’ dissolved copper concentrations, toxicity to the epibenthic amphipod, Melita plumulosa, is best described by the time-averaged concentration. In this study we investigated the behavioural response of M. plumulosa, to contaminated marine sediments. Based on the rate at which the organism avoided contamination, we then investigated how toxic effects may occur through pulsed exposures to contaminated sediments. Four field-contaminated marine sediments were collected from the field and characterised as containing potentially toxic concentrations of metals. These sediments …


Toxicity To Melita Plumulosa From Intermittent And Continuous Exposures To Dissolved Copper, Brad M. Angel, Stuart L. Simpson, Dianne F. Jolley Jan 2010

Toxicity To Melita Plumulosa From Intermittent And Continuous Exposures To Dissolved Copper, Brad M. Angel, Stuart L. Simpson, Dianne F. Jolley

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The concentrations of metal contaminants often fluctuate in estuarine waters; yet we have limited knowledge about the effects of intermittent exposures on estuarine organisms. Using 10-d lethality bioassays with the epibenthic amphipod Melita plumulosa, different combinations of intermittent (pulsed) dissolved Cu exposure were investigated, varying Cu concentration, pulse duration, and time between pulses. Negligible organism mortality was observed immediately after single 12- to 62-h duration pulsed exposures of 100 to 900 mg/L dissolved Cu. However, delayed mortality was observed in the subsequent 96-h nonexposure period, after which negligible additional mortality occurred during the remainder of the 240-h tests. For multiple …