Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Histological Differentiation Among Abiotic Causes Of Conifer Needle Necrosis, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Symptoms induced by phytotoxic gases within conifer needles can be differentiated histologically from those caused by other abiotic agents including winter drying, drought, and salt. However, it is not possible to differentiate among symptoms caused by hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, ethyl mercaptan, and hydrogen sulfide. Phytotoxic gases cause hypertrophy and hyperplasia of vascular parenchyma, endodermis collapse, and intense vascular staining. The other abiotic agents induce mesophyll collapse with little or no observable effects on vascular tissues. Histological analyses should be useful in diagnosis of air pollution-induced injury and damage in coniferous forests.

Llaffs - A Lightning-Locating And Fire-Forecasting System, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

This publication contains programs and documentation to implement an algorithm for calculating lightning fire probability. This calculation is based on a model originally developed for the National Fire-Danger Rating System. The model algorithm estimates the probability that a lightning discharge from cloud to ground will ignite a fire in fuels at the ground terminus of the lightning. Probability is estimated using variables that are measures of the fuel state and type, rain, and lightning. Details of the model can be found in Fuquay and others (1979), Latham (1979), and Fuquay (1980).

Evaluating Nonindustrial Private Landowners For Forestry Assistance Programs: A Logistic Regression Approach, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

As budgets in forest management agencies become more restrictive, cost-effective programs become more important. This paper describes a quantitative tool for setting priorities for the forestry assistance program administered by the Montana Division of Forestry. Logistic regression was used to better identify the type of forest owners to which assistance should be directed. (In logistic regression, the dependent variable is a probability that a certain event or activity will occur.) Data supporting model development were obtained from a questionnaire survey of forest landowners in the western portion of Montana. Four models were developed that pertain to past use of technical …

Winter Injury Of Sagebrush And Other Wildland Shrubs In The Western United States, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

The objective of this paper is to briefly review winter injury of plants and shrubs in particular, document the observed winter injury of 1976-77, and correlate the occurrence with weather records.

Salvage And Thinning Operations In Second-Growth Ponderosa Pine Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

This report describes and discusses a harvesting system made up of commercially available equipment and modified farm tractors that has been successfully used to salvage and thin second-growth ponderosa pine stands. Commercial equipment consisted of fellerbunchers, a skidder, and a chipper. Farm tractors were equipped with grapples and metal reinforcings to adapt them to forest use.

Measuring Species Diversity On Revegetated Surface Mines: An Evaluation Of Techniques, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Mines and Mineral Resources

This report reviews the three most commonly used techniques for measuring species diversity in plant communities: (1) diversity indices, (2) rank correlation tests, and (3) similarity indices. The author discusses the suitability of each technique for assessing species diversity on mined land and evaluates the most often used indices, test statistics, or coefficients of each technique. Applications of the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient, Motyka and others' and Bray and Curtis' version of Sorensen's similarity index, and Spatz' version of Jaccard's index for assessing mined land species diversity are presented in the appendix.

Planning For Rural Human Services: The Western Energy-Impact Experience, United States Department Of Health And Human Services, Office Of Human Development Services

Fuel Sources

Beginning in the mid-1970's, the development of energy resources in the western United States created significant changes in the small, rural communities of this area. Many of the changes were the result of the rapid influx of population associated with industrial activities. It has long been recognized that communities subject to rapid growth have difficulty meeting the physical facility needs of their residents, such as housing, shopping and school facilities, and sewer and water services. In recent years, a growing recognition of the importance of the social effects of rapid community growth has also developed. These effects include the deterioration …

Fireline Production: A Conceptual Model, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Wildfires

This report describes a conceptual model that provides a framework for the components of fireline production. Other conceptual or operational fire-related models may be linked with this production model. Major components and relationships are diagramed.

The Effects Of Ultraviolet-B Radiation On Plant Competition In Terrestrial Ecosystems, Warren G. Gold, Martyn M. Caldwell

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

Evidence regarding the interaction of ultraviolet-B radiation and plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems is examined. The competitive interactions of some species pairs were affected even by ambient solar UV-B radiation when compared to control pairs grown without UV-B. Also, the total shoot biomass of these species pairs was depressed under ambient UV-B. Relatively large increases in UV-B radiation altered the competitive interactions of some species pairs grown in pots under field conditions, but did not affect the total shoot biomass production of those pairs. Recent field experiments have examined the competitive interactions of wheat and wild oat under a simulated …

Ground-Water Hydrology And Projected Effects Of Ground-Water Withdrawals In The Sevier Desert, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The principal ground-water reservoir in the Sevier Desert is the unconsolidated basin fill. The fill has been divided generally into aquifers and confining beds, although there are no clearcut boundaries between these units--the primary aquifers are the shallow and deep artesian aquifers. Recharge to the ground-water reservoir is by infiltration of precipitation; seepage from streams, canals, reservoirs, and unconsumed irrigation water; and subsurface inflow from consolidated rocks in mountain areas and from adjoining areas. discharge is by wells, springs, seepage to the Sevier River, evapotranspiration, and subsurface outflow to adjoining areas.

First Vhf Auroral Radarinterferometer Observations, J. Providakes, W. E. Swartz, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer

Bela G. Fejer

The radar interferometer technique first used at the magnetic equator in Peru is also a very powerful means for studying auroral plasma instabilities. We present here the first results, obtained with a 49.92 MHz, 20-25 KW peak power pulsed radar located in Ithaca, NY (42.5° N, 76.4° W). Strong auroral echoes were obtained during several highly active periods. Phase differences between the signals received on the two antennas accurately determine the E-W position, within the scattering volume, of localized scattering centers, and changes in this phase determine the corresponding velocity. The signal Doppler shift describes radial (essentially N-S) motion. The …

A Statistical Interpretation Of The Rotational Temperature Of No Desorbed For Ru(001), Stephen E. Bialkowski

Stephen E. Bialkowski

A simple model of the rotational state of NO prior to thermal desorption from Ru(001) surface is developed in terms of the rotational heat capacity. The predicted rotational temperature of the desorbed species is consistent with known data on this system. The model is extended to predict translational energy anisotropy in the desorbed NO.

Preliminary Geologic Map Of The Beaver Lake Mountains Quadrangle, Beaver And Millard Counties, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Preliminary geologic map of the Beaver Lake Mountains quadrangle. This map is preliminay and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature.

Ground Water In The Southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah And Colorado, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The potential for developing oil-shale resources in the southeastern Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado has created the need for information on the quantity and quality of water available in the area. This report describes the availability and chemical quality of ground water, which might provide a source or supplement of water supply for an oil-shale industry.

Scs Natinoal Engineering Handbook: Section 15, Irrigation, Chapter 12--Land Leveling, U.S. Department Of Commerce

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Land leveling or land grading for irrigation is modifying the surface relief of a field to a planned grade to provide a more suitable surface for efficiently applying irrigation water. Normally land leveling requires moving a lot of earth over several hundred feet. This should not be confused with land planning, land smoothing, or land floating. They are usually accomplished with special equipment to eliminate minor irregularities, and they do not change the general topography of the land surface. Rough grading is removing knolls, mounds, or ridges and filling pockets or swales in a field that is not to have …

Preliminary Surficial Geologic Map Of The Fisher Valley-Professor Valley Area, Southeastern Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Fisher Valley-Professor Valley Area, Southeastern Utah.

Coal Hydrology Bibliography, United States Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

In compiling this bibliography, Geological Survey publication lists, existing Geological Survey bibliographies, and the Water Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC) data base were searched for pertinent Geological Survey publications that contained information relevant to the hydrology of a coal area. The WRSIC abstracts were used unedited as received from the WRSIC data base. Also included are reports of the Energy Mineral Rehabilitation Inventory and Analysis (EMRIA) program, coal leasing environmental impact statements and environmental analysis reports, and Bureau of Land Management land-use planning documents containing information about coal hydrology. Only those documents authored by either the Geological Survey or the …

Role Of D Functions In Ab Initio Calculation Of The Equilibrium Structure Of H2s–Hf, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Full geometry optimizations are performed to determine the equilibrium geometry of the hydrogen‐bonded complex H₂S–HF. The angle between the plane of the H₂S moiety and the H‐bond axis calculated with the 4–31 G basis set is 106° as compared to the experimental value of 91±5°. This quantity is reduced significantly when d orbitals are added to the basis set, yielding an angle within experimental error of 91°. (AIP)

Successional Trends In An Ungrazed, Arid Grassland Over A Decade, Edgar F. Kleiner

Canyonlands Research Bibliography

A study has been made of the vegetational condition of a formerly grazed area, Chesler Park, in Canyonlands National Park. A comparison was made with the same area 10 years earlier. The 10-year successional changes are also compared to baseline data of 10 years earlier from Virginia Park, an adjacent ungrazed area. Because of inaccessibility and long isolation from disturbances, Virginia Park is presumed to be in climax condition and is the control for this study. Chesler Park shows a successional trend after 10 years toward the vegetational condition of Virginia Park. This is exemplified, with only one major exception …

An Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Crude Oil On Two Freshwater Lake Ecosystems, Martin D. Werner, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra

Reports

Responses of two freshwater lake ecosystems of the Intermountain West to crude oil impaction were investigated. The research was conducted in two phases; in the first phase effects of crude oil were studied on an ecosystem established in three phase laboratory microcosms (gaseous-aqueous-sediment), which simulated the natural lakes. Notable responses of the microcosm ecosystem to oil impaction included: an increased oxygen demand by the biological community, nutrient immobilization, a reduction in plant biomass accumulation and a heterotrophically dominated ecosystem. The increased availability of biologically degradable reduced carbon (i.e., the oil) and nutrient immobilization, rather than toxic effects of oil on …

Reconnaissance Of Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Upper Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Jay J. Messer, Jean M. Ihnat, Bruce Mok, David Wegner

Reports

Executive Summary: A reconnaissance-level study was conducted in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming, during the late summer of 1982 in order to determine the possible importance of the sediment sin exacerbating the blue-green algal blooms that occur in summer in the upper reservoir. Sediments can affect phytoplankton dynamics in reservoirs on an annual basis by delyaing the availability of particulate P associated with spring runoff until late summery, when the warm water temperatures and the light climate favor the growth of blue-green algae. Over the longer term, however, sediments that historically have served as a trap for part of the annual …

Some Lake Level Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, Marvin E. Allen, Ronald K. Christensen, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Fluctuations of the level of the Great Salt Lake cause large changes in both surface area and shoreline. Developments adjacent to the lake have been damaged by both high and low lake levels; and unless measures are implemented to regulate lake level fluctuations or otherwise to protect these developments, damages will continue. Various possible managment alternatives for mitigating potential damages from lake level fluctuations need to be examined and evaluated. In this study, three possible techniques are examined for reducing damages from fluctuating water levels at the lake, namely: 1. Consumptively using an increased proportion of the inflowing fresh waters …

Evaluation Of Low-Temperature Geothermal Potential In Cache Valley, Utah, Janet L. De Vries

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The purpose of this research was to continue the assessment of the low-temperature geothermal resources of Cache Valley, Utah initiated by the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contract DE-AS07-77ET 28393. Field work consisted of locating 90 wells and springs throughout the study area, collecting water samples for later laboratory analyses, and field measurement of pH, temperature, bicarbonate alkalinity, and electrical conductivity. Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, SiO2, Fe, SO4-2, C1-, F-, and total dissolved solids were determined in the laboratory. Temperature profiles were measured in 12 additional, unused wells. Thermal gradients calculated from the profiles …

Flood Insurance Study, City Of Layton, Utah, Davis County

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Layton, Davis County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study will be used to convert Layton to the regular program of flood insurance by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local and regional planners will use this study in their efforts to promote sound flood plain management.

Southeastern Utah Nuclear Waste Transportation Study, Bechtel Group Inc.

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This report is published as a product of the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) Program. The objective of this program is the development of terminal waste storage facilities in deep stable geologic formations for high-level nuclear waste, including spent fuel elements from commercial power reactors and transuranic nuclear waste for which the Federal Government is responsible.

The initial purpose of this study was to analyze and compare possible transport modes and corridors connecting each of four candidate sites in Utah with existing rail lines of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RG) or the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe …

Flood Insurance Study, Federal Emergency Management Agency

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Ogden, Weber County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study will be used to convert Ogden to the regular program of flood insurance by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local regional planners will use this study in their efforts to promote sound flood plain management. IN some states or communities, flood plain management criteria or regulations may exist that are more restrictive or comprehensive than those on …

In-Situ Measurements Ofwave Electric Fields In The Equatorial Electrojet, R. C. Pfaff, M. C. Kelley, Bela G. Fejer, N. C. Maynard, K. D. Baker

Bela G. Fejer

Electric field wave measurements have been performed on two sounding rockets in the equatorial ionosphere. During a daytime flight from Chilca, Peru, intense electrostatic waves were detected on the upward directed electron density gradient. During a nighttime flight from Kwajalein Atoll, similar waves were detected on a downward directed gradient. These results are in agreement with a gradient drift instability explanation of the generation of the waves. The wave amplitudes were as high as 5 mV/m implying perturbation drifts comparable to the driving drift velocities. Power spectra from the turbulent region show a peak at long wavelengths, followed by a …

Long Wavelength Irregularities In The Equatorial Electrojet, E. Kudeki, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer

Bela G. Fejer

We have used the radar interferometer technique at Jicamarca to study in detail irregularities with wavelengths of a few kilometers generated in the unstable equatorial electrojet plasma during strong type 1 conditions. In-situ rocket observations of the same instability process are discussed in a companion paper. These large scale primary waves travel essentially horizontally and have large amplitudes. The vertical electron drift velocities driven by the horizontal wave electric fields reach or exceed the ion-acoustic velocity even though the horizontal phase velocity of the wave is considerably smaller. A straightforward extension to the long wavelength regime of the usual linear …

Chemical Changes In Groundwater Of Northern Utah Valley, Utah, Paul E. Fairbanks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Northern Utah Valley is one of the fastest growing areas of Utah and has increasing needs for domestic, industrial, and agricultural water. To meet these needs, groundwater and surface water systems must be understood to maximize their use. Chemical studies of the sediment mineralogy and related water-chemistry give insight to the movement of the water.

There are three major aquifers present in the valley: shallow Pleistocene; deep Pleistocene; and Tertiary. They are composed of sands and gravels and are separated by confining layers (aquitards) composed mostly of clay. Along the flanks of the bordering mountains there are undifferentiated aquifers which …

The Shape Seeker Algorithm, Ladawn Haws

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper gives a brief description of several well known fuzzy objective function clustering algorithms, and discusses the convergence properties of this type of algorithm. The Shape Seeker algorithm, an adaptive norm algorithm, is then described in detail, and convergence established. It is compared to the other algorithms by examining the clusterings it produces on several data sets.