Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Nonpoint Source Transport Model For Indicator Bacteria From Western Rangeland Watersheds, Everett P. Springer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Grazing is a primary land use in much of the western United States, but little is known about grazing impacts on water quality. The most sensitive water quality indicators of grazing are the fecal indicator bacteria. The objective of this study was to develop a general transport model describing the movement of fecal indicator bacteria from upland sources to channel systems.

Model development was done using simulated rainfall and a runoff surface 30.48 m by 1.83 m.

Initially the runoff surface was smooth concrete and was used to examine the effects of distance from the outlet on coliform counts by …

Evaluation Of Low-Temperature Geothermal Potential In Cache Valley, Utah, Janet L. De Vries

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to continue the assessment of the low-temperature geothermal resources of Cache Valley, Utah initiated by the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey. Field work consisted of locating 90 wells and springs throughout the study area, collecting water samples for later laboratory analyses, and field measurement of pH, temperature, bicarbonate alkalinity, and electrical conductivity. Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺² , Mg⁺² , SiO₂, Fe, SO₄^-2, Cl^-, F^-, and total dissolved solids were determined in the laboratory.

Temperature profiles were measured in 12 additional, …

Petrology Of The Lower Middle Cambrian Langston Formation, North-Central Utah And Southeastern Idaho, Gary Jay Buterbaugh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Lower Middle Cambrian Langston Formation was studied in the Bear River Range of north-central Utah and southeasternmost Idaho and the Wellsville Mountains of north-central Utah. The depositional textures and sedimentary structures preserved within the rocks were compared with characteristics of similar modern sediments and ancient rock to determine environments of deposition, paleogeography, diagenetic alteration and pattern of dolomitization.

The rocks of the Langston Formation were divided into eleven different rock types. These eleven rock types were formed within four recognizable lithofacies: 1) upper peritidal; 2) inner carbonate shelf; 3) inner clastic shelf; and 4) outer clastic shelf.

The general …

Structure And Petrography Of The Tertiary Volcanic Rocks Between Death Creek And Dairy Valley Creek (Box Elder Co.), Utah, E. Matthew Hare

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several volcanic flows lie between Death Creek and Dairy Valley Creek, near Etna, Utah. The major, central portion of the volcanic flows is composed of dacite and dacite vitrophyre. An elongate ridge in the southeastern corner of the study area and several small outcrops in Death Creek Valley are composed of rhyolite and rhyolite vitrophyre. Additional rock types include conglomerate, volcanic ash, and tuffaceous sedimentary rock of the Tertiary Salt Lake Formation, Paleozoic limestone, and Tertiary basalt.

Dacite and dacite vitrophyre samples are porphyritic, containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, quartz, biotite, amphibole, orthopyroxene, and iron-titanium oxides. Rhyolite and rhyolite vitrophyre samples …

Genesis Of A Vertisol And An Associated Palexeroll In Northern Utah, Robert C. Graham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The genetic relationship between a Vertisol and an associated Mollisol with an argillic horizon was studied. These soils are taxadjuncts of the Hawkins and Ostler series, respectively. They occur in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah and have similar parent materials, altitudes, and slope percentages. Ostler soils have a dense cover of Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) and occur preferentially on north aspects. Mule's ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis) is the dominant vegetation on Hawkins soils, which are most frequent on south aspects. Erosion is prevalent on Hawkins soils because the mule's ear does not adequately cover the soil …

Influence Of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density On Uv-Binduced Photoinhibition In Soybean Leaves: Comparison Of Preconditioning And Concomitant Light Treatments, Charles W. Warner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Previous studies indicate that the degree of UV-Binduced photosynthetic inhibition may be highly dependent upon the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, total quantum flux in the waveband 400-700 nm) incident on a plant. This study illustrates that Essex soybean leaves (Glycine max) preconditioned under high PPFD suffered less UV-B-induced photoinhibition than when preconditioned under low PPFD. However, sensitivity to UV-B increased when soybean leaves received high-PPFD as a concomitant treatment.

The relative msgnitude of UV-B-induced damage was similar for both light-limited and light-saturated photosynthesis. This probably indicates that UV-B is inhibiting fundamentally different photosynthetic processes.

Soybean leaves preconditioned …

The Visual Decision Making Process As A Technique For Redistributing Outdoor Recreation Use, Martha Gail Hahn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The demand for recreation on public lands has been growing steadily, resulting in undesirable impacts on certain resources as well as recreation experiences. The problem addressed by this research is the uneven distribution of recreational use that causes a concentration of impacts. This thesis describes the development and testing of a method to reduce the uneven/concentrated recreation use occurring on the public lands.

The basic objectives of the study were to determine the effectiveness of redistributing recreationists by the use of photographs and a decisional process using photographic information and to identify its potential as a tool in meeting management …

Least Squares Estimation Of The Pareto Type I And Ii Distribution, Ching-Hua Chien

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The estimation of the Pareto distribution can be computationally expensive and the method is badly biased. In this work, an improved Least Squares derivation is used and the estimation will be less biased. Numerical examples and figures are provided so that one may observe the solution more clearly. Furthermore, by varying the different methods of estimation, a comparing of the estimators of the parameters is given. The improved Least Squares derivation is confidently employed for it is economic and efficient.

Petrology Of The Middle Cambrian Blacksmith Formation, North-Central Utah, Howard William Hay Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The dolostones and dolomitic limestones of the Middle Cambrian Blacksmith Formation were studied in the Bear River and Malad Ranges and the Wellsville Mountains of north-central Utah. The depositional textures and sedimentary structures retained within the rocks form the basis of subdivisions of measured sections, interpretation of depositional paleogeography, and reconstruction of environments.

Other studies of modern carbonate environments and their ancient analogues provided the basis for interpretation of the depositional textures found within the rocks of the Blacksmith Formation. Four identifiable lithofacies were recognized within the study area. These facies include: (1) oolite shoal; (2) restricted lagoon; (3) low- …

Parameter Estimation In Nonstationary M/M/S Queueing Models, Pensri Vajanaphanich

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

If either the arrival rate or the service rate in an M/M/S queue exhibit variability over time, then no steady state solution is available for examining the system behavior. The arrival and service rates can be represented through Fourier series approximations. This permits numerical approximation of the system characteristics over time.

An example of an M/M/S representation of the operations of emergency treatment at Logan Regional hospital is presented. It requires numerical integration of the differential equation for L(t), the expected number of customers in the system at time t.

Petrology And Mineralogy Of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks In The Vicinity Of The Rozel Hills And Black Mountain, Box Elder County, Utah, Elizabeth R. Greenman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two basalt flows and an andesite fissure eruption occur in the Rozel Hills - Black Mountain area in Box Elder County, Utah. Both basalt flows are aphanitic, and contain olivine, plagioclase, augite, and opaque oxides. They may be distinguished both chemically and on the basis of their textures. Unit 2 basalt is finer grained, and appears to be associated with a fault in the Black Mountain area. Chemically, it is similar to high-iron lavas in the Craters of the Moon, Idaho area. It has higher alkali, total iron, and titanium contents that Unit 1 basalt. Unit 1 basalt is similar …

Habitat Used By Ruffed Grouse In Northern Utah, Judith L. Landry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vegetation structure of sites used by ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) hens with brood, solitary grouse, drumming males, and nesting hens in northern Utah was measured in 1979 and 1980. Univariate statistical techniques were used to determine general habitat characteristics of each group and discriminant function analysis was applied to the data to differentiate among groups. Most nests were located in maple stands (Acer grandidentatum and A. negundo) with dense tree canopies, low shrubs, and sparse ground vegetation. Drumming logs were most commonly found in densely stocked stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides) mixed with maple or chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) having a …

On The Transport Equations For Anisotropic Plasmas, Abdallah R. Barakat

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

First, I attempt to present a unified approach to the study of transport phenomena in multicoponent anisotropic space plasmas. In the limit of small temperature anisotropies this system of generalized transport equations reduces to Grad's 13-moment system of transport equations. In the collisionless limit, the generalized transport equations account for collisionless heat flow, collisionless viscosity, and large temperature anisotropies. Also, I show that with the appropriate assumptions, the system of generalized transport equations reduces to all of the other major systems of transport equations for anisotropic plasmas that have been derived to date.

Next, for application to aeronomy and space …

The Use Of Contingency Table Analysis As A Robust Technique For Analysis Of Variance, Mei-Eing Chiu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to compare Analysis of Variance with Contingency Table Analysis when the data being analyzed do not satisfy Analysis of Variance assumptions. The criteria for comparison are the powers of the Standard variance-ratio and the Chi-square test.

The test statistic and powers were obtained by Monte Carlo.

1. Calculate test statistic for each of 100 trials, this process was repeated 12 times. Each time different combination of means and variances were used.

2. Powers were obtained for each of 12 combinations of means and variances.

Whether Analysis of Variance or Contingency Table Analysis is a …

Numerical Methods (Finite Element) For Time-Dependent Partial Differential Equations, Masaji Watanabe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper surveys reasons why the Ritz method and the Galerkin method are not efficient and why these methods can not be applied directly, for time dependent problems. It also introduces methods that are used for those problems. For a linear boundary value problem defined by a positive definite symmetric (self-adjoint) operator, the existence and the convergence of the Ritz approximation are guaranteed. In non-symmetric case, Lax-Milgram lemma assures the existence and the convergence of the Galerkin approximation for H1/2(Ω)-elliptic operator. Since time-dependent problems are hyperbolic or parabolic, the existence and the convergence of approximations by those methods are not …

Linear Regression Of The Poisson Mean, Duane Steven Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to compare two estimation procedures, the method of least squares and the method of maximum likelihood, on sample data obtained from a Poisson distribution. Point estimates of the slope and intercept of the regression line and point estimates of the mean squared error for both the slope and intercept were obtained. It is shown that least squares, the preferred method due to its simplicity, does yield results as good as maximum likelihood.

Also, confidence intervals were computed by Monte Carlo techniques and then were tested for accuracy. For the method of least squares, confidence …

Evaluation Of The Utah Operational Weather Modification Program, Geoffrey E. Hill

Reports

This study is an evaluation of a winter orographic cloud seeding project in Utah. The evaluation is based upon both intensive field measurements and historic~l records. For the field measurements, ground and airborne data were collected during February and March, 1981 in the vicinity of the Tushar Mountains. In evaluating the physical data three aspects are emphasized: the dispersal of artificial ice nuclei, the distribution of supercooled liquid water, and the growth and trajectories of precipitation. Ground based measurements were made by K and X band radars, a dual frequency microwave radiometer, a network of precipitation gauges, an ice nucleus …

Nonparametric Analysis Of Right Censored Data With Multiple Comparisons, Hwei-Weng Shih

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This report demonstrates the use of a computer program written in FORTRAN for the Burroughs B6800 computer at Utah State University to perform Breslow's (1970) generalization of the Kruskal-Wallis test for right censored data. A pairwise multiple comparison procedure using Bonferroni's inequality is also introduced and demonstrated. Comparisons are also made with a parametric F test and the original Kruskal-Wallis test. Application of these techniques to two data sets indicate that there is little difference among the procedures with the F test being slightly more liberal (too many differences) and the Kruskal-Wallis test corrected for ties being slightly more conservative …

The River Of Sorrows: The History Of The Lower Dolores River Valley, U.S. Department Of The Interior

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Microhabitat Of Rainbow And Cutthroat Trout In The Greeen River Below Flaming Gorge Dam: Volume I, Jeffrey C. Gosse

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of Potential Ecological Natural Landmarks Of The Middle Rocky Mountains, Janet L. Johnson, Robert D. Pfister

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Socio-Economic Technical Report For The Uintah Basin Synfeuls Enviornmental Impact Statement, Utah State Energy Office; Utah State Planning Coordinator's Office; Department Of Community And Economic Development

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Selected Mulches And Specialty Erosion Control Products Under Simulated Rain, C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill

Reports

Introduction: Utilizing a rainfall simulator, a sunlight simulator, and a wind generator, the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University (USU), completed in 1979 and 1981 a series of evaluations of erosion control products for CONWED Corporation. Increasingly more commercial products for controlling erosion are being produced nationally and there remains a need to evaluate the effectiveness of these, one against another, in order that potential users may make cost-effective decisions in their use. CONWED recognizes this need and has funded the comparative testing of its own products and some of those of leading competitors throughout the country. The …

Evaluation Of Microcosms For Determining The Fate And Effect Of Benz(A)Anthracene In Aquatic Systems, Judith G. Dickson, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

Small scale, three-phase microcosms were used to study the aquatic fate and effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benz(a)anthracene. This compound was chosen as a model for carcinogenic PAH because it is a typical constituent of petro-chemical effluents and has middle-of-the-range physical and chamical characteristics. In a series of experiments, techniques were established for monitoring the behavior and for assessing the biological response to the pollutant. Results indicate taht benz(a)anthracene has no acute effect on aquatic organisms as indicated by the parameters used to measure community structure and function (gas productivity, nutrient utilization, biomass accumulation, and species composition). Gas …

Potential For Acid Snowmelt In The Wasatch Mountains, Jay J. Messer, Lloyd Slezak, Charles I. Liff

Reports

Snowmelt collected from snow cores taken from the 1982 spring snowpack in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah lacked mineral acidity and retained enough buffering capacity in the form of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates to titrate additional inputs of strong acid equivalent to the amount apparently already neutralized. While acid anion concentrations were higher than those found in pristine areas, they were much lower than those reported for winter precipitation in other western areas experiencing acidification of precipitation. Snowmelt pH ranged from 5.62 to 6.88 (mean = 6.17), and sulfate was relatively more important than nitrate, showing an average equivalent …

Sprinkler Application Of So2 - Treated Groundwater At The Sandarosa Farm, Snowville, Utah, V. Dean Adams, Craig S. Criddle

Reports

Sulfur is recognized as one of the essential elements for plant growth. It has also been used in agriculture for reclamation of saline and sodic soils. During the reclamation process there is the potential benefit of increased availability of phosphorus and certain micro-nutrients for plant uptake. There is also potential for increased infiltration thus increasing water utilization efficiency.

Sulfur has been applied to soils in a flake or nodule form, by the addition of sulfuric acid and most recently by the application of sulfurous acid. The raw sulfur addition technique is accomplished by spreading raw sulfur on the soil and …

Predicted Diurnal Variations Of Electron Density For Three High-Latitude Incoherent Scatter Radars, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk

All Physics Faculty Publications

We have used a high‐latitude ionospheric model to predict the diurnal variations of electron density that should be observed by the EISCAT, Chatanika and Millstone Hill incoherent scatter facilities. Our calculations were for a strong convection model without substorms. Our results provide an indication of the quantitative differences in measured electron density that are expected when the three radars probe the high‐latitude ionosphere simultaneously. The differences are significant and vary with altitude, latitude, local time, and season, and are associated with the UT dependence of the high‐latitude ionosphere which results from the displacement between the geomagnetic and geographic poles.

The Role Of Diffusion In The Binding Of Carbon Monoxide To Protoheme In High-Viscosity Solvents, David Peak

All Physics Faculty Publications

Studies of the flash photolysis of heme‐bearing proteins have often assessed the role of ligand diffusion in very approximate ways and a disagreement about the importance of ligand diffusion exists in the literature as a result. This paper provides a somewhat more sytematic analysis of diffusional effects than has been given previously for the simple case of ligand–protoheme binding. The model developed here is fit to the available data for the ligand CO in glycerol–water solvents. The fit suggests that diffusional motions become important for the kinetics of this system for temperatures below 270 K and that these motions are …

Ionospheric Hot Spot At High Latitudes, Robert W. Schunk, Jan Josef Sojka

All Physics Faculty Publications

A hot spot (or spots) can occur in the high‐latitude ionsophere depending on the plasma convection pattern. The hot spot corresponds to a small magnetic local time‐magnetic latitude region of elevated ion temperatures located near the dusk and/or dawn meridians. For asymmetric convection electric field patterns, with enhanced flow in either the dusk or dawn sector of the polar cap, a single hot spot should occur in association with the strong convection cell. However, on geomagnetically disturbed days, two strong convection cells can occur, and hence, two hot spots should exist. The hot spot should be detectable when the electric …

Seasonal Variations Of The High-Latitude F Region For Strong Convection, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk, W. John Raitt

All Physics Faculty Publications

We combined a plasma convection model with an ionospheric-atmospheric composition model in order to study the seasonal variations of the high-latitude F region for strong convection. Our numerical study produced time-dependent, three-dimensional, ion density distributions for the ions NO+, O2 +, N2 +, O+, N+, and He+. We covered the high-latitude ionosphere above 42°N magnetic latitude and at altitudes between 160 and 800 km for a time period of one complete day. From our study we found the following: (1) For strong convection, the high-latitude ionosphere exhibits a significant UT variation both during winter and summer. (2) In general, the …