Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Paleomagnetic Age Investigation Of Pre-Salmon Springs Drift Pleistocene Deposits In The Southern Puget Lowland, Washington, John L. (John Leo) Roland

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Pleistocene history of the southern Puget Lowland is marked by repeated invasions by the Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet. The present stratigraphic sequence is represented by four glaciations (Orting, Stuck, Salmon Springs, and Fraser) of northern provenance, separated by unconformities and two nonglacial formations (Alderton and Puyallup) of central Cascade and Mount Rainier provenances. Paleomagnetic work conducted on pre-Salmon Springs sediments at their type localities and correlative exposures in the Puyallup Valley provide evidence for the ages of the Orting Drift, Alderton Formation, Stuck Drift, and Puyallup Formation.

The silts sampled demonstrate an array of soft (unconsolidated) …

Temporal Trends In The Geochemistry And Petrology Of The 1980 Mount St. Helens Pyroclastic Flow Deposits, Robert L. Logan

WWU Graduate School Collection

Petrographic and geochemical analyses were performed on pumice from the May 18, June 12, July 22, August 7, and October 16-18 pyroclastic flow deposits. The pumice is dacitic and contains, in order of decreasing abundance, the minerals plagioclase An_30-57, hypersthene, hornblende, magnetite-illmenite, ± augite, ± apatite, in a groundmass of highly vesiculated glass and plagioclase microlites. Vesiculation occurred over a period of about one second, but at times during the eruption probably within a zone in the vent rather than at the atmosphere-magma interface.

An increase with time in the crystal to glass ratio indicates continued cooling of …

Genesis Of Gold Deposits At The Little Squaw Mines, Chandalar Mining District, Alaska, Kathryn King Ashworth

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Little Squaw gold mines are located in the Chandalar Mining District, which is in the Brooks Range, 200 miles north of Fairbanks, Alaska. Country rock in the Little Squaw area consists of Devonian clastic and volcanic rocks which were subjected to two periods of upper greenschist facies metamorphism during the Cretaceous. A penetrative schistosity developed during the first metamorphic event, and thrust faulting and the development of a non-penetrative cleavage occurred during the second.

Gold-bearing quartz veins in the Little Squaw area crystallized along high angle normal faults which post date thrust faulting and cross-cut the non-penetrative cleavage. Data …

Geology Of The Park Butte-Loomis Mountain Area, Washington (Eastern Margin Of The Twin Sisters Dunite), David L. (David Lewis) Blackwell

WWU Graduate School Collection

Mappable units in the Park Butte-Loomis Mountain area of northwestern Washington are distinguished on the basis of age, lithologic association, structural position, and metamorphic recrystallization. There are four volcanic/volcaniclastic units: the Chilliwack Group, the Cultus Formation, the Elbow Lake-Haystack Mountain unit, and the Nooksack Group: and at least three allocthonous crystalline units: ultramafic rock (including the Twin Sisters and Goat Mountain dunite bodies), the Yellow Aster Complex, and the Vedder Complex. All units occur as tectonic fragments (fault bounded blocks) which are juxtaposed along anastomosing, horizontal to low angle, west dipping faults.

The upper Paleozoic Chilliwack Group is represented by …

Net Shore-Drift Of Thurston County, Washington, David M. Hatfield Jr.

WWU Graduate School Collection

Geomorphic and sedimentologic variations in coastal landforms were used to determine the direction of net shore-drift and delineate the boundaries of drift cells along 178 kilometers of the southern Puget Sound coast fronting Thurston County, Washington. The net shore-drift indicators used along the Thurston County coast were, in descending order of observed frequency, gradation in mean sediment size, beach width, foreshore offsets at drift obstructions, spit development, bluff morphology, beach slope, diversion of stream mouth outlets, plan view of deltas or intertidal fans, oblique bars, beach pads, and identifiable sediment.

Wind from the south-southwest prevails over Thurston County. Fetch is …

Monthly Planet, 1982, December, David S. Goldsmith, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1982, November, David S. Goldsmith, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Tertiary Peleomagnetism Of The North Cascade Range, Washington, Myrl E. Beck Jr., Russ R. Burmester, Ruth Schoonover

Geology Faculty Publications

We have obtained paleomagnetic data for the southern tiip of the middle Tertiary Chilliwack Composite Batholith, located on the Canada-United States border about 125 km E of Vancouver, B.C. Thirty-four separately oriented samples were collected along a road traverse 1.5 km long located along State Highway 22, about 20 km NE of Marblemount, Washington. The mean direction after magnetic cleaning is: D, 182.8°; I, -65.0°; α₉₅, 1.5°. This corresponds to a paleomagnetic pole at 87.5°N, 267.5°E, close to other poles for Tertiary plutons from the North Cascades and only slightly displaced from Tertiary reference poles from the craton. …

Monthly Planet, 1982, Spring, Janet S. Senior, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1982, March, Jim Springer, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1982, February, Jim Springer, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Nonmeasurable Sets And Pairs Of Transfinite Sequences, Branko Ćurgus, Harry I. Miller

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Many proofs of the fact that there exist Lebesgue nonmeasurable subsets of the real line are known. The oldest proof of this result is due to Vitali [4]. The cosets (under addition) of Q, the set of rational numbers, constitute a partition of the line into an uncountable family of disjoint sets, each congruent to Q under translation, Vitali's proof shows that V is nonmeasurable, if V is a set having one and only one element in common with each of these cosets.

Net Shore-Drift Of King County, Washington, Michael Chrzastowski

WWU Graduate School Collection

King County has a 182 km, crenulated coastline along the glacially formed channels of Puget Sound. This distance is nearly evenly divided between the mainland and two islands, Vashon and Maury. This field study determined the long-term net shore-drift along the King County coast, primarily using geomorphic and sedimentologic indicators of net shore-drift. The shore-drift sediment is mainly sand and gravel supplied from coastal bluffs by wave erosion, mass wasting, and fluvial processes. There are a total of 46 drift cells, with shore-drift operating along all of the King County coast except for 9 km of artificially modified, commercial and …

Palynological Differences Between The Chuckanut And Huntingdon Formations, Northwestern Washington, Kenneth Norman Reiswig

WWU Graduate School Collection

Pollen and spore assemblages from the Tertiary coal-bearing Chuckanut and Huntingdon Formations were studied to determine the existence and location of the southern boundary of the Bellingham Basin. Ages of deposition were determined for each formation based on the flora recovered. The age of the Chuckanut Formation ranges from Middle Paleocene at its base to Late Eocene at its top. The age of the Huntingdon in northwestern Washington is Late Eocene to perhaps Earliest Oligocene. From the evidence of palynomorph ranges, no definite age breaks were found within the Chuckanut Formation, or between the Chuckanut and Huntingdon Formations. The structure …

Tertiary Volcanic Rocks In Southwest Montana And Adjacent Idaho As Possible Source Rocks For Epigenetic Stratabound Uranium Deposits, Richard Brian Wice

WWU Graduate School Collection

Rhyolitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks found in or on the margins of Tertiary basins that contain sandstone-type uranium deposits are considered by many workers to be the source rocks for the uranium. In southwestern Montana and adjacent Idaho three volcanic areas were mapped and evaluated by geochemical analysis. X-ray diffraction and petrographic studies to determine if the volcanics are good source rocks for uranium deposits in nearby Tertiary basins. Area I volcanics, south of Dillon, Montana, have radiometric ages, uranium, thorium and fluorine contents and petrography similar to the Post-Lowland Creek Volcanics in the Boulder Batholith region and are tentatively …

Quaternary Chronology Of The Palouse Loess Near Washtucna, Eastern Washington, Lucy L. (Lucy Louglin) Foley

WWU Graduate School Collection

Four roadcuts in the Palouse loess near Washtucna, southeastern Washington, expose a thick sequence of buried calcic soils and tephra layers which span more than the last 730,000 years. The identification of four tephra layers of known age in the upper part of the loess sequence

(Mazama, Mt. St. Helens Set S, and two separate layers of Mt. St. Helens Set C) allow the formulation of a soil chronology for the last 40,000 years. Paleomagnetic stratigraphy resulted in the identification of the Brunhes Normal-Matuyama Reversed polarity epoch boundary in one roadcut, thereby establishing an age of at least 730,000 years …

Monthly Planet, 1981, December, Jim Springer, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1981, November, Jim Springer, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1981, June, Mark Gardner, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1981, May, Mark Gardner, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1981, April, Mark Gardner, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Monthly Planet, 1981, February, Mark Gardner, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

How To Put Tar In The Planet And Keep Feathers On The Eagles: The Best And Worst Of The Monthly Planet And Weekly Letters To An Alaskan Editor, Brian Blix

Environmental Studies Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship

Undergraduate Problem Series: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington State College.

John Muir helped a Presbyterian minister choose a site near the north end of the world's longest fjord for a mission in the year 1879. The Reverend S. Hall Young declared that "Haines Mission" would be founded for the benefit of the fierce Tlingit inhabitants. I do not know what "benefit" the Tlingits have received, but my guess is Haines, Alaska 99827.

David Clarke and a group of other fervent environmental professors chose a site near the south end of Western Washington University's campus for a cluster college, …

Geology And Structure Of The Western And Southern Margins Of Twin Sisters Mountain, North Cascades, Washington, Frederic I. Frasse

WWU Graduate School Collection

Detailed mapping of the Goat Mountain dunite and the western and southern margins of the Twin Sisters dunite indicates that the structural setting of these bodies is dominated by high-angle northwest-trending fault zones. The Goat Mountain dunite overlies rocks of the Chilliwack Group and Yellow Aster Complex as a lowangle, west-dipping slab approximately 2500 feet thick. Cretaceous phyllite west of Goat Mountain overlies Chilliwack Group rocks along a similar low-angle west-dipping fault contact. These structures are both truncated by high-angle fault zones.

The timing of faulting is poorly constrained. High-angle faulting is at least post-Eocene through Holocene (?), and may …

The Geology And Mineralogy Of Bentonites And Associated Rocks Of The Chuckanut Formation, Mt. Higgins Area, North Cascades, Washington, Susan Kinder Cruver

WWU Graduate School Collection

In the Mt. Higgins area, the Chuckanut Formation is in probable fault contact with pre-Tertiary metamorphlc rocks. The Chuckanut is over- lain by Oso volcanics (zircon fission track age of 43.2 ± 1.9 MY). A diorite body (k/At date = 53 ± 8 MY) crops out in the Granite Lake area and is thought to be intrusive into the Chuckanut. Sedimentary rocks of much of the study area are dominantly thick- bedded arkoses that are generally cross-bedded, and resemble the Chuckanut type section. Sediments cropping out along and near Deer Creek are different; black, bituminous shale is the dominant rock …

The Rocks Of Bulson Creek: Eocene-Oligocene Sedimentation And Tectonics In The Lake Mcmurray Area, Washington, Kim Lance Marcus

WWU Graduate School Collection

Upper Eocene to lower Oligocene sedimentary rocks in the Lake McMurray area of Skagit County, Washington, consist of approximately 1500 m of conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and siltstone which were deposited in fluvial and marine environments along the continental margin. These rocks are known as the rocks of Bulson Creek.

Two main lithofacies can be recognized within the sequence: the lowest is nonmarine and consists of poorly sorted, thick, and structureless conglomerate with interbedded sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal lenses; the upper lithofacies grades from a transitional nonmarine facies to a shallow water marine facies that consists of well sorted, …

The Paleomagnetism Of A Thick Middle Tertiary Volcanic Sequence In Northern California, Douglas Edward Craig

WWU Graduate School Collection

The mean direction of remanent magnetism for 44 sampling sites from Oligo-Miocene lava flows in northern California points about 12° east of the expected Oligo-Miocene geomagnetic field direction for the area. Our paleomagnetic data and other data indicate that the Cascade Range has rotated clockwise since the middle Tertiary. Similar, but larger, clockwise rotations have been documented in previous studies throughout the Coast Ranges. Two mechanisms are suggested to account for the differential rotation that has occurred within the Coast and Cascade Ranges. First, the Coast Ranges are rotated and then accreted to a curved continental margin during the Eocene, …

The Mineralogy, Petrology And Geochemistry Of The Uranium-Bearing Vein Deposits Near Boulder, Montana, And Their Relationship To Faulting And Hot Spring Activity, Stanton Parker Dodd

WWU Graduate School Collection

Three "siliceous reef" uraniferous vein deposits of the Boulder batholith were studied. Two of these, the Free Enterprise and the W. Wilson, occur within hydrothermally altered Late Cretaceous Butte Quartz Monzonite and related rocks. Both deposits contain fine-grained iron and base-metal sulfides and uraninite in a matrix of microcrystalline quartz and chalcedony. The deposition of uraninite in these veins was contemporaneous with the majority of the sulfide minerals. The third deposit studied, the uraniferous Red Rock Mine, is similar in many respects to the other two occurrences, yet occurs within altered Late Cretaceous Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics.

All three occurrences formed …

The Chemical Composition Of The Shuksan Metamorphic Suite In The Gee Point - Finney Creek Area, North Cascades, Washington, Leah V. Street-Martin

WWU Graduate School Collection

Samples from the Shuksan Metamorphic Suite in the Gee Point-Finney Creek area were analyzed for twelve major elements and for the trace elements Y, Sr, Rb, Sc, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zr and Ba. The chemical compositions suggest that the protolith for the blueschist and greenschist was tholeiitic basalt, that the protolith for the iron-rich metasediment was a hydrothermally-formed sea floor precipitate on an active oceanic ridge and that the pelitic schists were once deep sea pelagic sediments. This assemblage probably formed along an oceanic spreading ridge.

Monthly Planet, 1980, December, Mark Gardner, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.