Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

William & Mary

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 2071 - 2100 of 4602

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Situation And Outlook Report : Results Of The 2008 Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Crop Reporting Survey, Thomas J. Murray, Michael J. Oesterling May 2009

Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Situation And Outlook Report : Results Of The 2008 Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Crop Reporting Survey, Thomas J. Murray, Michael J. Oesterling

Reports

Recent growth of the shellfish aquaculture industry in Virginia has added significant value to the state’s seafood marketplace. Today, watermen continue to harvest both hard clams and oysters from the state’s public resources, albeit at diminished rates. At the same time, Virginia’s watermen-farmers are providing growing quantities of additional quality shellfish to consumers. Following the lead of the hard clam industry, there has been a significant transition to intensive aquaculture of native oysters in recent years. The once extensive oyster planting has disappeared primarily as a result of endemic oyster diseases and increasing wildlife predation of seed oysters. In its …

Go to article

Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad In Virginia Rivers 2008 Annual Report, John E. Olney, Brian Watkins Apr 2009

Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad In Virginia Rivers 2008 Annual Report, John E. Olney, Brian Watkins

Reports

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (AS

Go to article

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 24, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management Mar 2009

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 24, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

VIMS Advisory 2009/Shifting Sands: Beaches and Dunes

Go to article

Enhanced Capacitative Calcium Entry And Sarcoplasmic-Reticulum Calcium Storage Capacity With Advanced Age In Murine Mesenteric Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells, John N. Buchholz, Sean M. Wilson, Ravi Goyal, Gregory D. Smith Mar 2009

Enhanced Capacitative Calcium Entry And Sarcoplasmic-Reticulum Calcium Storage Capacity With Advanced Age In Murine Mesenteric Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells, John N. Buchholz, Sean M. Wilson, Ravi Goyal, Gregory D. Smith

Arts & Sciences Articles

Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is important to perfusion pressure related arterial reactivity and to vascular disorders including hypertension, angina and ischemic stroke. We have recently shown that advancing-age leads to calcium signaling adaptations in mesenteric arterial myocytes from C57 BL/6 mice [Corsso, C.D., Ostrovskaya. O., McAllister, C.E., Murray, K., Hatton, W.J., Gurney, A.M., Spencer, N.J., Wilson, S.M., 2006. Effects of aging on Ca(2+) signaling in murine mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells. Mech. Ageing Dev. 127, 315-323)] which may contribute to decrements in perfusion pressure related arterial contractility others have shown occur. Even still, the mechanisms underlying the changes in Ca(2+) signaling …

Go to article

Climate Change Impacts In Virginia: Status Of Natural Resource Data Records As Tools To Assess Continuing Trends, Tamia Rudnicky, Marcia Berman, Roger L. Mann, Carl Hershner Mar 2009

Climate Change Impacts In Virginia: Status Of Natural Resource Data Records As Tools To Assess Continuing Trends, Tamia Rudnicky, Marcia Berman, Roger L. Mann, Carl Hershner

Reports

As scientists we pose the hypothesis that climate change over the past decades has left a signal in natural resource status and productivity in Virginia. This signal exists subsumed in a variety of data from crop and forestry production, to fishery landings, to spatial distribution of numerous plant and animal species of interest. Description of these signals in concert with known changes in climate descriptors (temperature, rainfall and more) provide a basis for hind-casting possible cause and effect relationships. If such relationships exist, and we hypothesize that they do, then projections of climate descriptors (temperature, rainfall and more) provide the …

Go to article

Encroachment Of Sills Onto State-Owned Bottom: Design Guidelines For Chesapeake Bay, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Kevin O'Brien, Christine A. Wilcox, Jian Shen, Carl H. Hobbs Iii Mar 2009

Encroachment Of Sills Onto State-Owned Bottom: Design Guidelines For Chesapeake Bay, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Kevin O'Brien, Christine A. Wilcox, Jian Shen, Carl H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

Recent efforts have sought to expand the use of “Living Shorelines” by waterfront property owners in Virginia and Maryland to combat tidal shoreline erosion. Living shorelines represent a shoreline management option that combines various erosion control methodologies and/or structures while at the same time restoring or preserving natural shoreline vegetation communities. Some regulatory agencies and non-governmental organizations prefer living shorelines over “traditional” shore hardening using bulkheads or stone revetments because these structures create a “barrier” or disconnect between the upland and marine environments. Typically, creation of a living shoreline involves the placement of sand, planting marsh flora, and, if necessary, …

Go to article

Dune Monitoring Data Update Summary, Kevin P. O'Brien, Donna A. Milligan, George R. Thomas Mar 2009

Dune Monitoring Data Update Summary, Kevin P. O'Brien, Donna A. Milligan, George R. Thomas

Reports

The Shoreline Studies Program at VIMS established a beach and dune monitoring program for nine sites around the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay (Milligan et al., 2005). These sites were monitored twice yearly for four years (2001-2004). In addition to three years of relatively calm conditions, these data included the impact of Hurricane Isabel, a nearly 100-yr event, on the Bay’s shorelines. The shoreline’s change due to the storm and their subsequent short-term recovery was documented by this data. However, since the end of the monitoring program, other events have impacted Chesapeake Bay shorelines. In order to document the longer-term …

Go to article

Skill Assessment For Coupled Biological/Physical Models Of Marine Systems, Craig A. Stow, Jason Joliff, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy Jr., Scott C. Doney, J. Icarus Allen, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Kenneth A. Rose, Philip Wallhead Feb 2009

Skill Assessment For Coupled Biological/Physical Models Of Marine Systems, Craig A. Stow, Jason Joliff, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy Jr., Scott C. Doney, J. Icarus Allen, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Kenneth A. Rose, Philip Wallhead

VIMS Articles

Coupled biological/physical models of marine systems serve many purposes including the synthesis of information, hypothesis generation, and as a tool for numerical experimentation. However, marine system models are increasingly used for prediction to support high-stakes decision-making. In such applications it is imperative that a rigorous model skill assessment is conducted so that the model’s capabilities are tested and understood. Herein, we review several metrics and approaches useful to evaluate model skill. The definition of skill and the determination of the skill level necessary for a given application is context specific and no single metric is likely to reveal all aspects …

Go to article

Piperazinium Chlorocuprates(I), Jacob E. Kuperstock, Amanda N. Ley, Robert D. Pike Feb 2009

Piperazinium Chlorocuprates(I), Jacob E. Kuperstock, Amanda N. Ley, Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

The formation from aqueous solution of networks containing piperazinium hydrochlorides with copper(I) chloride is described. Four new X-ray crystal structures are reported: (H2Pip)[Cu2Cl4] (two isomeric phases: 1A and 1B), (H2MePip)[Cu3Cl5] (2), and (H2Me2Pip)[Cu4Cl6] (3) (Pip = piperazine, MePip = N-methylpiperazine, Me2Pip = N,N′-dimethylpiperazine. In 1A (P-1, a = 6.3141(2), b = 6.8248(2), c = 6.9067(2), α = 90.707(2), β = 110.748(2), γ = 110.799(2), V = 256.918(13), Z = 2) corner-sharing Cu2Cl2 rhomboid dimers form infinite chains running parallel to the a-axis. In 1B (Pbcn, a = 9.9442(6), b = 8.0622(5), …

Go to article

York River Water Budget, Carl Hershner, Molly Mitchell, Donna Marie Bilkovic, Julie D. Herman, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Jan 2009

York River Water Budget, Carl Hershner, Molly Mitchell, Donna Marie Bilkovic, Julie D. Herman, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Go to article

2009 Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans Jan 2009

2009 Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

Go to article

2009 Hampton Roads Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans Jan 2009

2009 Hampton Roads Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

Go to article

2009 Gloucester Point Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans Jan 2009

2009 Gloucester Point Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

Go to article

Andrews Hall And Seawater Research Laboratory Dedication, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science; College Of William And Mary Jan 2009

Andrews Hall And Seawater Research Laboratory Dedication, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science; College Of William And Mary

Miscellaneous

Dedication: April 16, 2009. Program of events.

Go to article

2009 Wachapreague Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans Jan 2009

2009 Wachapreague Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

Go to article

Synergistic Effects Of Iron And Temperature On Antarctic Phytoplankton And Microzooplankton Assemblages, J. M. Rose, Y. Feng, Et Al, Walker O. Smith Jr., B. Sigist, S. Tozzi, Et Al Jan 2009

Synergistic Effects Of Iron And Temperature On Antarctic Phytoplankton And Microzooplankton Assemblages, J. M. Rose, Y. Feng, Et Al, Walker O. Smith Jr., B. Sigist, S. Tozzi, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Iron availability and temperature are important limiting factors for the biota in many areas of the world ocean, and both have been predicted to change in future climate scenarios. However, the impacts of combined changes in these two key factors on microbial trophic dynamics and nutrient cycling are unknown. We examined the relative effects of iron addition (+1 nM) and increased temperature (+4 degrees C) on plankton assemblages of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, a region characterized by annual algal blooms and an active microbial community. Increased iron and temperature individually had consistently significant but relatively minor positive effects on total …

Go to article

Anthropogenic Causes Of Copepod Mortality And Bacterial Decomposition Of Copepod Carcasses, Samantha L. Bickel Jan 2009

Anthropogenic Causes Of Copepod Mortality And Bacterial Decomposition Of Copepod Carcasses, Samantha L. Bickel

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Although zooplankton carcasses can be quite prevalent within aquatic systems, they have largely been overlooked in most zooplankton population studies. Anthropogenic stressors can potentially increase the overall abundance of carcasses on a local scale. Once a carcass is present within a system, the fate of its biomass is of considerable interest as it may be remineralized within the water column or transported to depth. Through the collection of field samples I assessed the possibility of an anthropogenic stressor (boat-generated turbulence) as a potential source of nonconsumptive mortality. I also conducted a series of laboratory experiments to monitor the decomposition of …

Go to article

Center For Coastal Resources Management Annual Report 2008, Center For Coastal Resources Management Jan 2009

Center For Coastal Resources Management Annual Report 2008, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Reports

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Environmental Analysis Of Selected Estrogens And Androgens: Applying Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography And Combating Matrix Interference, Stacie L. Rice Jan 2009

Environmental Analysis Of Selected Estrogens And Androgens: Applying Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography And Combating Matrix Interference, Stacie L. Rice

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Investigations of environmental hormone contamination commonly utilize solidphase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography / (electrospray ionization) tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(ESI)MS2) in the detection of estrogens. Matrix interference is widely reported. In this study, androgens were targeted alongside estrogens as environmentally co-introduced endocrine disrupting chemicals. Analytical methods were developed in parallel for detection of several hormones from each class, with comparison of protocols and instrumental parameters. Ultraperformance LC (UPLC®), an emerging technology advertised for reduced retention times, was used in place of HPLC for hormone separation. Applicability to diverse aqueous samples was tested. Matrix interference was combated with two …

Go to article

Continental Shelf Sediment Transport And Depositional Processes On An Energetic, Active Margin: The Waiapu River Shelf, New Zealand, Yanxia Ma Jan 2009

Continental Shelf Sediment Transport And Depositional Processes On An Energetic, Active Margin: The Waiapu River Shelf, New Zealand, Yanxia Ma

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The Waiapu River drains a small mountainous basin, characterized by steep terrain, heavy rainfall, and unconsolidated soft Tertiary mudstone and siltstone. These factors, combined with heavy deforestation over the past 100 years have created one of the world's highest sediment yields. Water discharge of the Waiapu River is very episodic over both inter- and intra-annual timescales, and almost all of the discharge is associated with floods brought by cyclonic storms. The Waiapu River drains an active margin that has a narrow shelf and steep slope. Marine conditions on the Waiapu continental shelf are very energetic, with strong waves as well …

Go to article

Laser Desorption From A Room Temperature Ionic Liquid, Peter Ronald Harris Jan 2009

Laser Desorption From A Room Temperature Ionic Liquid, Peter Ronald Harris

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

We report laser desorption from a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) as a novel source for time of flight mass spectrometry. We use the 2nd harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser to deposit intensities of 1-50 MW/cm2 via backside illumination onto our RTIL desorption sample. A microstructured metal grid situated on top of a glass microscope slide coated with RTIL serves as our desorption sample. The RTIL we use, 1-Butyl, 3-Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate, remains liquid at pressures below 10-8 torr. The use of liquid desorption sample allows for improved surface conditions, homogeneity and sample life as compared to Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption …

Go to article

Planning For Sea Level Rise And Coastal Flooding, John D. Boon, Harry V. Wang, Jian Shen, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science. Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research Jan 2009

Planning For Sea Level Rise And Coastal Flooding, John D. Boon, Harry V. Wang, Jian Shen, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science. Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research

Reports

VIMS climate change white papers: Planning for sea level rise and coastal flooding

Go to article

Marine Plankton Food Webs And Climate Change, Walker O. Smith Jr., Deborah K. Steinberg, Deborah A. Bronk, Kam W. Tang, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science. Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research Jan 2009

Marine Plankton Food Webs And Climate Change, Walker O. Smith Jr., Deborah K. Steinberg, Deborah A. Bronk, Kam W. Tang, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science. Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research

Reports

VIMS climate change white papers: Marine plankton food webs and climate change

Go to article

Land-Coast Connections And Climate Change : Carbon Cycling In Chesapeake Bay And Its Watershed, Elizabeth A. Canuel, James E. Bauer, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research Jan 2009

Land-Coast Connections And Climate Change : Carbon Cycling In Chesapeake Bay And Its Watershed, Elizabeth A. Canuel, James E. Bauer, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research

Reports

VIMS climate change white paper: Land-coast connections and climate change : carbon cycling in Chesapeake Bay and its watershed

Go to article

Observing And Modeling Global Warming Impacts In Virginia, Mark R. Patterson, Mark Brush, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science. Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research Jan 2009

Observing And Modeling Global Warming Impacts In Virginia, Mark R. Patterson, Mark Brush, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science. Initiative For Coastal Climate Change Research

Reports

VIMS climate change white paper: Observing and modeling global warming impacts in Virginia

Go to article

Workshop On Environmental Research Needs In Support Of Potential Virginia Offshore Oil And Gas Activities, Robert J. Diaz, Richard Brill, Linda C. Schaffner, Kenneth W. Able, Larry Atkinson, Diane Austin, Scott Kraus, Douglas Lipton, United States. Minerals Management Service Jan 2009

Workshop On Environmental Research Needs In Support Of Potential Virginia Offshore Oil And Gas Activities, Robert J. Diaz, Richard Brill, Linda C. Schaffner, Kenneth W. Able, Larry Atkinson, Diane Austin, Scott Kraus, Douglas Lipton, United States. Minerals Management Service

Reports

The MMS, a bureau within the Department of the Interior, sponsored a workshop on the environmental research needs in support of potential Virginia offshore oil and gas activities 3 and 4 December 2008, in Williamsburg, Virginia. The focus of the workshop was to assess the existing scientific knowledgebase along the Virginia Coast and the information gaps that need to 2 be addressed should a lease sale for oil and gas activities be held for the Virginia outer continental shelf. This report summarizes the outcome of the workshop.

Go to article

Ecosystems Services Of Tidal Shorelines, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Jan 2009

Ecosystems Services Of Tidal Shorelines, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.

Go to article

Lower Confidence Bounds For System Reliability From Binary Failure Data Using Bootstrapping, Lawrence Leemis Jan 2009

Lower Confidence Bounds For System Reliability From Binary Failure Data Using Bootstrapping, Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

We consider the problem of determining a (1 – A) 100% lower confidence bound on the system reliability for a coherent system of k components using the failure data (yi, ni), where yi is the number of components of type i that pass the test and ni is the number of components of type i on test, i1, 2, …, k. We assume throughout that the components fail independently, e.g. no common-cause failures. The outline of the article is as follows. We begin with the case of a single (k1) component system where n components are placed on a test …

Go to article

Vulnerability Of Shallow Tidal Water Habitats In Virginia To Climate Change, Donna Marie Bilkovic, Carl H. Herschner, Tamia Rudnicky, Karinna Nunez, Daniel E. Schatt, Sharon Kileen, Marcia Berman, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Jan 2009

Vulnerability Of Shallow Tidal Water Habitats In Virginia To Climate Change, Donna Marie Bilkovic, Carl H. Herschner, Tamia Rudnicky, Karinna Nunez, Daniel E. Schatt, Sharon Kileen, Marcia Berman, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

The principal objective of this study was to develop a characterization of current shallow-water habitat components in Virginia tidal waters and predict climate driven changes to these habitats. To project broad-scale climate change effects on the abundance and distribution of coastal habitats, an inundation model based on anticipated relative sea-level rise, temperature and salinity projections, and coastal development were integrated into a GIS modeling framework. Using this framework, simple models were constructed that forecast the distribution of key coastal habitat parameters within the next 50 to 100 years including: shallow-water areas, tidal wetlands, submerged aquatic vegetation and estuarine beaches. The …

Go to article

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants In Birds Of Prey From The U.S. And China, Da Chen Jan 2009

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants In Birds Of Prey From The U.S. And China, Da Chen

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are widely used as non-reactive additives in textiles, polyurethane foams, plastics, furnishings, and electronic products. as a result of substantial, long-term usages, PBDEs have contaminated humans, wildlife, air, water, soil, and sediment, even in remote areas. Although the North American and Asian (particularly Chinese) markets have consumed the majority of global PBDE production, knowledge about PBDE contamination is limited in these two regions. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate PBDE contamination in some Chinese and North American areas by examining the birds of prey that have been considered as sensitive monitoring species for organochlorine …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last