Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Estuary Water Movement, John Dickerson Mitchell

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Formation Of Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient In Partially Mixed Estuaries And Application In A One-Dimensional Real-Time Model, Anne Catherine Wilber

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Strain On Muon Diffusion And Trapping In Metal By Bassam Salim Hitti, Bassam Salim Hitti

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Positive muons implanted in metal distort the surrounding lattice; therefore, in addition to electronic interactions, the elastic forces have to be considered in determining the muon state. to explore the elastic and electronic diffusion and trapping mechanisms, we studied AlCu(,420ppm), AlMg(,1000ppm) and AlAg(,1000ppm) alloys. These alloys were selected for the different effects on the host lattice of these impurities; Cu contracts the Al lattice, Mg expands it and Ag has nearly no effect. On the other hand Cu and Ag are monovalent while Mg is divalent. For AlCu between 5K and 14K the temperature exponent (beta) of the two-state-model trapping …

Distribution Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In The Chesapeake Bay And Tributaries - 1985, Robert Orth, Jim Simons, Judith Capelli, Virginia Carter, Larry Hindman, Stephen Hodges, Kenneth Moore, Nancy Rybicki

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of Potential Problems Related To Toxic Organic Chemical Contamination Of Aquatic Environments, Carol B. Rideout, Michael E. Bender

Reports

Toxic organic chemicals have affected aquatic resources by (1) restricting harvest; (2) causing biological damage to harvestable stocks; and (3) damaging other biological resources eg. benthic animals and birds.

Areas under review:

Puget Sound, Oregon Bays, San Francisco Bay, Southern California, Louisiana, Mississippi Sound and Mobile Bay, Texas Bays, Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries, Delaware Bay, New York Harbor, Hudson R~ ver - Raritan Bay Estuary, Narragansett Bay, the Great Lakes. Annotated bibliographies included with each sector.

Polynuclear Hydrocarbons In Sediments And Clams In The Vicinity Of A Refinery Outfall, P. O. Defur, M. E. Bender, C. W. Su, Et Al

Reports

The objectives of this study were:

1) to determine whether substances present in refinery process water are found in adjacent sediments and bivalves

2) to determine the concentrations of compounds detected

3) to identify compounds that may have adverse effects on marine animals or their human consumers.

Monthly Report On The State Of Rivers 1986, Albert Kuo

Reports

Chiefly graphs showing monthly salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen distributions at slackwater for the James, York, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock Rivers.

1986: July, August

The Sedimentary Processes And Geomorphic History Of Wreck Shoal, An Oyster Reef Of The James River, Virginia, Joseph T. Dealteris

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Wreck Shoal is a subtidal oyster reef area located in the James River, Virginia. Two significantly different types of oyster reefs are found in adjacent areas on Wreck Shoal. Hard-rock reefs are characterized by a relatively thick oyster shell layer, higher densities of live oysters, a coarser interstitial sediment, and a negligible sediment cover. In contrast, mud-shell reefs are characterized by a very thin osyter shell layer, considerably lower densities of live oysters, a finer interstitial sediment, and a 1-2 cm layer of very fine sediments covering the reef. The contemporary sedimentation processes operating on the hard-rock and mud-shell oyster …

Lateral Variability In A Coastal Plain Estuary (Fronts, Density, Lateral Circulation), Linda Mary Huzzey

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A series of observations of the density distribution across the York River estuary documents distinct lateral differences in density and degree of vertical mixing. The magnitude of the density differences varies throughout the tidal cycle; maximum lateral gradients occur at times of minimum current. When the density distribution is sufficiently inhomogeneous, longitudinal estuarine fronts are generated. These fronts are axially aligned, up to several miles in length, and are apparent for less than 2 hours at any given location. Although the density difference across the frontal boundary is often small, horizontal pressure gradients acting over a broad frontal region generate …

Geological History Of A Holocene Drainage System: Hack Creek, Virginia, Robert A. Gammisch

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Parasite Community Structure In Summer Flounder: Paralichthys Dentatus (Linnaeus), Of The Chesapeake Bay, Maura E. Jansen

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

A Morphological Study Of The Pharyngeal Sac Of Two Species Of Stromateid Fishes: Perrilus Triacanthus And P Paru, Thomas R. Sminkey

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Recommendations For Amelioration Of Legal And Environmental Concerns About Mining Of Deepsea Deposits Of Polymetallic Sulfides, Michael P. De Luca

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Picoplankton In Phytoplankton Dynamics Of A Temperate Coastal Plain Estuary, Robert Triau Ray

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Science And Scientists In Marine Environmental Policy And Management, Teny Topalian

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The role of science and scientists in environmental policy and management is and has been an important, complex, and controversial subject for many years. The objective of this study is to determine how science and scientists interact in environmental policy formation and management and how science is or could be used in the development of policy which can ultimately be used as a basis for effective resource management plans. In the very broad sense this study attempts to evaluate the general hypothesis that "Scientists do not play a role in promoting or encouraging science as a means of changing attitudes …

Carbon Alkylation Of 2-Phenylthio-1,3-Cyclopentanediones, Karol Renee Parham

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Secondary Isotope Effects Of Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution, Paul Frederick Drees

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Low-Energy Collisions Of Alkali-Metal Anions, David M. Scott

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Measurements of the total cross section for electron detachment, (sigma)(,e)(E), are presented for low-energy (E(,1ab) < 300 eV) collisions of Na('-), K('-), and Cs('-) with atomic and molecular targets. For many of the atomic (rare-gas) targets, the energy dependence of (sigma)(,e)(E) is striking: virtually no detachment is observed until relatively high collision energies (50 eV in the center-of-mass frame) are reached, in contradistinction to what has been observed for similar collisions involving H('-). The thresholds for alkali anion detachment are approximately equal to the thresholds for excitation observed in collisions of neutral alkali atoms with these same targets. The similarity between the dynamics of the neutral system and that of the negative ion system, together with the observation (at greater energies) of detachment accompanied by excitation of the alkali parent, suggests that electron detachment may be mediated by a two-electron process in some cases. A simple curve-crossing mechanism adequately reproduces the observed (sigma)(,e)(E) for several of these rare-gas targets.;Measurements of both (sigma)(,e)(E) and the cross section for charge transfer (sigma)(,i)(E) have also been completed for H(,2), D(,2), N(,2), O(,2), CO, CO(,2), SO(,2), N(,2)O, CH(,4), and SF(,6) targets. Electron detachment is the dominant process for all of these targets except O(,2), SO(,2), and SF(,6), with thresholds on the order of a few eV. Structure in (sigma)(,e)(E) for the CO(,2) target has been attributed to charge transfer to a metastable state of CO(,2)('-)(('2)A(,1)). Similarly, in the case of N(,2)O, both (sigma)(,e)(E) and (sigma)(,i)(E) exhibit behavior which suggests that a temporary negative ion state is formed during the collision. In the case of the O(,2), SO(,2), and SF(,6) targets, charge transfer is observed to have particularly large cross sections (>100 (ANGSTROM)('2)) at low collision energies.

Determination Of The Vacancy Migration Energy Of Aluminum By Nmr, Terry William Gullion

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Monovacancy diffusion is a thermally activated process characterized by an activation energy E(,d). The diffusion of atoms requires the formation and migration of vacancies. The concentration of vacancies n/N is given by n/N (DBLTURN) exp(-E(,f)/kT). It can be shown that the activation energy E(,d) is the sum of the energy to form a vacancy E(,f) and the energy required for an atomic jump E(,m): E(,d) = E(,f) + E(,m). Furthermore, the atomic jump rate (omega)(,j) can be shown to be thermally activated and given by (omega)(,j) (DBLTURN) (nu)(,o)(n/N)exp(-E(,m)/kT) ((nu)(,o) is the attempt frequency).;NMR offers many techniques to measure the activation …

Stratigraphy And Heavy Mineral Analysis In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, C. R. Berquist Jr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Spatially continuous patterns of heavy mineral distributions in three dimensions characterized the sandy Holocene sediments of the lower Chesapeake Bay. A pilot study using Q-mode factor analysis on data from an earlier study determined mineral assemblages and mineral composition gradients; the gradients suggested that surficial sediments entered the Bay from offshore and from older deposits to the west. Principal components analysis of the same data indicated that the abundances of only 5 out of 21 minerals were adequate to explain most of the mineral variance. The mineralogy of 87 samples from cores defining two geologic cross-sections was added to the …

The Late Quaternary Evolution Of A Twin Barrier-Island Complex, Cape Charles, Virginia (Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Wisconsinan, Sea-Level Highstand), Kenneth. Finkelstein

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A total of 68 vibra-cores and 14-box cores in conjunction with high-resolution seismic records are used to describe the late Quaternary development of a twin-barrier island complex. Based on the stratigraphy, radiocarbon dates, and microfossils, a transgressive outer Holocene and inner Pleistocene barrier island complex are recognized. The two subaerial sub-parallel barriers are a result of separate marine transgressions that occurred before and after late Wisconsin glaciation. Pollen assemblages and ten radiocarbon dates from the lagoonal sediments below the older island concur on a date of approximately 30,000 years B.P., hence a probable mid-Wisconsinan age for the overriding barrier island. …

Peroxo Complexes Of Molybdenum (Vi) And Vanadium (V) With Imidazole And Histidine, Jennifer Lisa Gundersen

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Contribution To The Hydrobiology Of The York River: Predicting Surface Mixed Layer Depth (Destratification, Tidal, Semilunar, Virginia), Donald Max Hayward

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Destratification in the York River, USA, during high spring tides is the result of the interruption of normal two-layer estuarine flow by advection of relatively fresh water in to the River mouth from the Chesapeake Bay. This is due to the presence of a longitudinal salinity gradient in the Bay and a difference of tidal current phase between the River and the Bay. Similar behavior is seen in other subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay and may be common in subestuary-estuary interactions. Correlation and regression analysis are used to examine relationships between stratification variation in the lower York River and a …

Tributyltin In Whole Water And Sediment Collected From Marinas And The Hampton Roads Area In The Southern Chesapeake Bay : A Final Report, Donna J. Westbrook, Ellen J. Travelstead, Francois A. Espourteille, Charles D. Rice, Robert J. Huggett

Reports

This report presents data gathered in a program designed to monitor tributyltin (TBT) levels in water and sediment from areas in the southern Chesapeake Bay which experience high boating activities. The concentrations reported will hopefully give an insight into the extent and magnitude of TBT contamination in these areas.

Third Quarterly Progress Report For The Period July 1, 1985 - December 31, 1985, Chesapeake Bay Research And Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Initiatives, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics : A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes, L. D. Wright, N. C. Shi, John D. Boon

Reports

The long-term goal of the project has been to develop improved, accurate predictability of nearshore, surf zone, and beach hydrodynamic and morphologic assemblages, based on lucidation of the universal principles governing nearshore and surf zone morphodynamic behavior.

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics: A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes. Appendix 6. Standing Waves On A Pronounced Bar Trough Beach, Nungjane C. Shi, L. D. Wright

Reports

The hypothesis that a pronounced bar-trough surf zone topography favors resonance of standing waves with antinodes located over the bar is examined. Numerical and field investigations of standing waves in a bar-trough surf zone suggest a selective trapping of wave energy at specific resonant frequencies in the subharmonic and the high frequency infragravity bands and a possible suppression of lower frequencies. The resonant frequencies predicted by the numerical model remain fairly constant throughtout the tidal cycle due to the small tidal range typically associated with a bar-trough beach. Cross-shore bar migration changes the resonant frequencies. Numerical simulations show that an …

Oyster Spatfall In Virginia Rivers: 1985 Annual Survey, James Whitcomb

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) conducts weekly surveys from June through early October to obtain oyster spatfall information. Spat counts are made on oyster shells strung qn wire and suspended from stakes on public and private beds. The number of spat on shells is counted each week of the spawning season to determine the potential of a particular area for receiving a strike and to predict the most likely period the strikes will occur.

Baltimore Harbor And Channels Aquatic Benthos Investigations : Final Technical Report, Robert J. Diaz, Linda C. Schaffner, Robert J. Byrne, Robert A. Gammisch

Reports

This report describes work performed by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science of the College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, to document the existing preoperational conditions at four locations in the Chesapeake Bay selected as possible dredged material disposal areas for the deepening of the Baltimore Channel. The work was sponsored by the Baltimore District Corps of Engineers.

The objectives of this work were at each of the four potential disposal sites:

1 -document the surface (0-15 em) sediment conditions spatially and temporally

2 - document macrobenthic communities spatially and temporally.

3 - empty …

First Annual Progress Report For The Period July 1 , 1984 - June 30, 1985, Chesapeake Bay Research And Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Initiatives, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.