Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Influence Of Temperature On The Immune Response Of Juvenile Summer Flounder, Paralichthys Dentatus, And Its Role In The Elimination Of Trypanoplasma Bullocki Infections, Joseph P. Sypek

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Two groups of juvenile summer flounder maintained at 5�C were experimentally infected with the hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma bullocki. Another group maintained at 5�C was not infected. The water temperature of one infected group was raised stepwise to 12�C, 18�C, and 24�C for 2 to 3 weeks at each level. The other infected group was maintained at 5�C for 12 weeks, the duration of the experiment. In addition, juvenile flounder were collected over a temperature range of 6�C to 22�C from February to June, 1982 to monitor natural infections. Live T. bullocki were incubated in plasma from fish at each temperature to …

Water Quality Trends In The Northwest River : A Report To The Hampton Roads Water Quality Agency, Bruce J. Neilson

Reports

During the initial 208 studies of the Hampton Roads area, no mathematical model of receiving water quality was applied to the Northwest River. At the request of the City of Chesapeake, the HRWQA P003085-03 work program included tasks leading to development of a water quality model of the Northwest River. Data from field studies conducted in 1980 and 1981 and the math model applied to the river have been presented in a companion volume report (Kuo et al., 1982). This report summarizes the results of model simulations made to determine future water quality conditions and trends.

The Effects Of Atrazine On Zostera Marina In The Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, Carl H. Hershner, Keith B. Ward, Jerome E. Illowsky, Et Al

Reports

This project was designed to assess the effects of agricultural herbicides on submerged aquatic vegetation in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Atrazine was selected for testing because it is the most widely utilized herbicide in the Bay region. Zostera marina was the submerged vegetation studied.

The project began with two surveys. The first survey, conducted in 1979, covered forty eight stations throughout the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. The survey was designed to indicate typical atrazine loading for the lower Bay. A second survey in 1980 was limited to the Severn River, and was intended to indicate the duration of …

Two-Dimensional, Intratidal Model Study Of Salinity Intrusion Structure And Motion In Partially-Mixed Estuaries (Virginia), Carl F. Cerco

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A two-dimensional, longitudinal-vertical model for partially-mixed estuaries has been developed. The model provides intratidal predictions of surface level, velocity, and salinity through a semi-implicit finite-difference solution to the continuity and momentum equations and an explicit finite-difference solution to the salinity equation. The model was verified through comparison with analytical solutions, laboratory data, and prototype data. Following verification, the model was used to simulate the destratification-stratification cycle which occurs in the James River Estuary, Virginia, coincident with the spring-neap tidal cycle. In a second application to the James, a simulation of the movement of the salinity intrusion following a storm-generated freshwater …

Ware River Intensive Watershed Study - Part 2. Estuarine Receiving Water Quality, Cindy Bosco, Gary F. Anderson, Bruce Neilson

Reports

The Ware River Intensive Watershed Study contains results of runoff from small catchments, instream transport of runoff and the impacts on estuarine water quality, which are contained in two volumes: 1. Nonpoint Source Pollution and 2. Estuarine Receiving Water Quality

Estuarine Studies: The Ware River is a relatively "clean" estuarine system. However, during summer months some of the nutrients, particularly inorganic phosphorous and organic nitrogen, achieve levels associated with moderate enrichment. The Ware is typical of other small tributaries of Chesapeake Bay: nutrient levels are higher at low tide, the estuary is more homogenous laterally than longitudinally, and vertical gradients …

Ware River Intensive Watershed Study- Part 1. Nonpoint Source Contributions, Gary F. Anderson, Cindy Bosco, Bruce Neilson

Reports

Runoff quantity and quality were monitored for row crop, residential and forested lands in the Ware basin for the period of October 1979 to July 1981. Loading rates have been calculated for both baseflow and stormflow contributions at each study site.

A Precision Measurement Of The Lifetime Of The Positive Muon, Kevin Louis Giovanetti

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In an experiment performed at TRIUMF Laboratory, the time distribution of muon decay positrons arising from pions stopped in a water Cherenkov counter was measured with a high precision timing system. The pions served as a source of positive muons.;The data were used to determine a new value for the positive muon lifetime. This lifetime 2.19695 (+OR-) .00006 (sec) is slightly lower than previous measurements but still in fair agreement. The data were tested for the various systematic effects that typically occur in these measurements.

Wave Refraction By Warm Core Rings, George R. Mapp

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Diffusion And Trapping Of Positive Muons In Niobium And In Aluminum Alloys, Muhammad Zillulhaq Numan

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Zero, longitudinal and transverse magnetic field uSR has been used to investigate (mu)('+) diffusion and trapping in Nb. The ambiguity in the interpretation of the 'double humped' temperature dependence of the depolarisation rate for the transverse field case has been resolved. A discussion of how the zero and longitudinal measurements can distinguish between the trapping and detrapping phenomena is presented with (mu)SR data analysis in mind. Muon mobility is shown to increase monotonically with temperature. The width of the local magnetic field distribution due to Nb nuclear moments and the rate for trapping and detrapping of muons have been measured …

Experimental Studies Of Antiprotonic Atoms In Hydrogen And Helium, Jeffrey Robert Lindenmuth

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In an experiment performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory the spectra of atomic x rays from stopped antiprotons in gaseous helium, liquid hydrogen, and gaseous hydrogen were measured. The measurements were performed at 1 atmosphere and 25(DEGREES)K for the gaseous target.;In the case of He the L and M series of p were observed and relative intensities measured. However in hydrogen no x rays were observed and thus only an upper limit of the yields of the K series in liquid and gaseous hydrogen were calculated.

Baseline Sediment Studies To Determine Distribution, Physical Properties, Sedimentation Budgets And Rates In The Virginia Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay : Final Report, Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, Michael J. Carron

Reports

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Disruptive Grazing By The Mud Snail Ilyanassa Obsoleta On Mudflat Nematode Populations, David Ludwig

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Population densities of the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta were manipulated in caging experiments on a salt marsh mudflat and in laboratory microcosms. Mud snails outcompete nematodes for food resources, but may increase resources available to deposit feeding groups. Mud snails reduce annelid (polychaete and oligochaete) populations by substrate disruption. Reduced annelid densities provide the nematode community with some release from predation and competition. In mudflat sediments, the nematode community responds to both primary (predation) and secondary (envirorm1ental release, food competition) interactions. Multiple levels of interactive coupling should be considered in any systems level investigation in this habitat.

An Investigation Of Sand Transport Phenomena In The Rappahannock River Estuary, Virginia, Charles Joseph Natale

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Quantitative evidence supplied by bottom sediment textural analysis, Fourier grain-shape analysis and Q-mode factor analysis indicate that river-borne sand-sized sediment originating in the upper reaches of the Rappahannock is actively transported downstream and ultimately delivered to the estuarine sediment regime. Current velocity observations in the upper estuary as well as suspended sediment concentrations measured at stream gaging stations, indicate that short-term extreme hydrological events such as periodic river flooding provide a plausible transport mechanism to move river-borne sands into the estuarine sediment regime.Events of this nature can disrupt average partly-mixed estuarine circulation patterns by displacing the salt-wedge to a more …

Zooplankton Communities In Chesapeake Bay Seagrass Systems, Cathy Elizabeth Meyer

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Waterfowl Utilization Of A Submerged Vegetation (Zostera Marina And Ruppia Maritima) Bed In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Elizabeth W. Wilkins

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Distribution And Ecology Of Gammaridean Amphipods In The Plankton Of The Middle Atlantic Bight, Cathy J. Womack

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Distribution Of Dissolved Silica And Particulate Biogenic Silica In The James, York And Rappahannock Estuaries, Virginia, Gary F. Anderson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Life History And Management Of Spiny Dogfish, Squalus Acanthias, Off The Northeastern United States, Marta Nammack

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Utilization Of A Zostera Marina And Ruppia Maritima Habitat By Four Decapods With Emphasis On Callinectes Sapidus, Deborah L. Penry

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Population And Price Aspects Of The Virginia Hard Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) Fishery, Andre C. Kvaternik

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

A [Mu]+Srstudy Of Uniaxial Stress Induced Symmetry Breaking In An Fe Single Crystal, Min. Namkung

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

For the first time, external uniaxial stress has been used in a (mu)('+)SR experiment. The stress dependences of the following parameters were obtained for Fe crystals: the muon precessional frequency, (nu)(,(mu)), the transverse (longitudinal) depolarization rates, 1/T(,2) (1/T(,1)), and F(,T)/F(,L), the ratio of the probabilities for the muon to find domains with transverse/longitudinal fields. The shift in (nu)(,(mu)) was -0.34 (+OR-) 0.023 MHz per 100 micro-strain along the -axis. Changes in other parameters depend on the sample history but they, in general, increase with stress.;External stress changes the muon occupational probability at each site which significantly affects the dipolar field …

Anisotrophy In Mhd Turbulence Due To A Mean Magnetic Field, John V. Shebalin

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The development of anisotropy in an initially isotropic spectrum is studied numerically for two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The anisotropy develops due to the combined effects of an externally imposed dc magnetic field and viscous and resistive dissipation at high wave numbers. The effect is most pronounced at high mechanical and magnetic Reynolds numbers. The anisotropy is greater at the higher wave numbers.;The statistical structure of two-dimensional MHD turbulence is also considered. It is shown that the three known rugged invariants of the isotropic case reduce to two for the anisotropic case. Randomness and ergodicity are also briefly discussed.

A Study Of Nutritional Requirements Of The Larvae Of The American Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica), Fu-Lin E. Chu

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The purpose of this study is to obtain information for the formulation of artificial diets for larvae of the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and to test procedures related to presenting these diets to the oyster larvae. In order to determine the nutrient components usually provided in larval diets, biochemical analyses of lipids and fatty acids, proteins and amino acids and polysaccharide carbohydrates were performed on five algae species used as a food source for oyster larvae. These algae are Chlorella sp., Pyramimonas virginica, Pseudoisochrysis paradoxa, Pavlova (Monochrysis) lutheri and Isochrysis galbana. The biochemical analyses indicate that the nutritional value of …

Deep-Sea Bottom Fishes Caught On The 14th Cruise Of The R/V Akademik Kurchatov, T. S. Rass, V A. Grigorash, V. D. Spanovskaya, Y. N. Shcherbachev

Reports

Captures of deep-sea fish in waters of the American Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Bahama-Bermuda region of the Atlantic Ocean prior to our work were performed by a series of expeditions: Coast and Geodetic Survey of the USA ("Blake," 1877-1880), New York Zoological Society ("Zaca" and "Arcturus," 1929-1931), Bingham Oceanographic Laboratory of Yale University, USA ("Pawnee," 1927), the Danish Carlsberg Foundation ("Dana," 1920-1922 and 1928-1930), Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, USA ("Oregon," "Oregon II" and others between 1950 and 1960), and the University of Miami ("Pillsbury," 1969). However, only the latter of these expeditions working in the region of the Puerto Rico …

A Water Quality Study Of The Northwest River, Virginia, Albert Y. Kuo, Bruce Neilson, Paul V. Hyer

Reports

The Northwest River is a small, coastal plains river lying to the south of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It flows in a southeasterly direction from the Dismal Swamp, its headwaters, to North Carolina where it empties into Currituck Sound. Lunar tides in the river are quite small, but flow reversals due to winds are not uncommon.

Previous studies of the river have evaluated its potential as a drinking water source and the environmental changes that would occur as a result of water withdrawal. The latter concern was primarily that downstream locations would experience higher salinity levels once fresh water …

Monthly Report On The State Of Rivers 1982, Albert Kuo

Reports

Chiefly graphs showing monthly salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen distributions at slackwater for the James, York, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock Rivers.

1982: June, September, October, November

A Natural Resources Survey And Habitat Evaluation Of The Willoughby Disposal Area, U.S. Naval Base, Norfolk, Virginia, Walter I. Priest, C. Richard Terman, Willliam Ihle

Reports

The purpose of this study is to determine the living natural resources utilizing the U.S. Navy's dredged material disposal area located adjacent to Willoughby Bay in Norfolk, Virginia and to determine the habitat value of this area to these resources.

Oyster Spatfall In Virginia Rivers: 1981 Annual Summary, Dexter S. Haven, Paul C. Kendall

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) conducts weekly surveys from June through early October to obtain oystet spatfall information, Spat counts are made from oyster shells strung on wire and suspended from stakes on public and private beds, The number of spat on shells are counted each week of the spawning season to determine the potential of a particular area for receiving a strike and to predict the most likely period the strikes will occur.

Mid‐Level Intrusions At The Continental Shelf Edge, Christopher S. Welch

VIMS Articles

Observations across the continental shelf offshore from New Jersey in late summer 1976 show an intrusion of saline water at the mid level of the water column across the shelf edge front, which appears in density only as an offshore thickening of the pycnocline. This internal density field produces horizontal pressure gradient forces within the pycnocline in the onshore direction. These forces, in the linearized equation of motion with a constant eddy viscosity, drive a circulation which resembles a double Ekman spiral for internal pressure vertical distributions which are thin with respect to the Ekman depth. For thick pressure distributions, …

Report To The Coastal Erosion Abatement Commission Commonwealth Of Virginia Concerning The Inventory Of Sand Supplies In The Southern Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, Robert A. Gammish

Reports

In its report to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia (Senate Document No. 4, Commonwealth of Virginia, 1979), the Coastal Erosion Abatement Commission found that "there is a need to locate sources of sand supplies for rebuilding public beaches. Certain bottom areas in the lower Chesapeake Bay should be studied as possible sources of sand supply for public beaches." And toward that end, the Commission recommended that "The School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, study and analyze possible sources of sand supply in the lower Chesapeake Bay and vicinity for …