Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Advancing Mobile Sensing In Dynamic Environments, Weichen Wang

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

This thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of enhancing mobile sensing capabilities to address various aspects of human behavior, mental health, personality, social functioning and beyond. We redesign the StudentLife app to improve its sensing efficiency and dependability, enabling support for multi-year-long studies. By adopting new app design, this study addresses the technical challenges of continuous sensing and enhances system robustness. The work is organized into several key studies that collectively aim to expand the scope of mobile sensing in diverse and complex environments.

The first study broadens the scope of mobile sensing to assess personality traits, exploring the potential of …

Mir4435-2hg As A Possible Novel Predictive Biomarker Of Chemotherapy Response And Death In Pediatric B-Cell All, Yulieth Torres-Llanos, Jovanny Zabaleta, Nataly Cruz-Rodriguez, Sandra Quijano, Paula Carolina Guzmán, Iliana De Los Reyes, Nathaly Poveda-Garavito, Ana Infante, Liliana Lopez-Kleine, Alba Lucía Combita

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Although B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) survival rates have improved in recent years, Hispanic children continue to have poorer survival rates. There are few tools available to identify at the time of diagnosis whether the patient will respond to induction therapy. Our goal was to identify predictive biomarkers of treatment response, which could also serve as prognostic biomarkers of death, by identifying methylated and differentially expressed genes between patients with positive minimal residual disease (MRD+) and negative minimal residual disease (MRD-). Methods: DNA and RNA were extracted from tumor blasts separated by immunomagnetic columns. Illumina MethlationEPIC and mRNA …

Draft Final Revised Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) (Residential Parcels), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Supporting Text And Data Analysis Across Campus From The Academic Library, Amy Kirchhoff, Hejin Shin Phd

Digital Initiatives Symposium

The ability to comprehend and communicate with text-based data is essential to future success in academics and employment, as evidenced in a recent survey from Bloomberg Research Services which shows that nearly 97% of survey respondents now use data analytics in their companies and 58% consider data and text mining a business analytics tool (https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/bp_de/doc/studie/ba-st-the-current-state-of-business-analytics-2317022.pdf). This has fueled a substantial growth in text analysis research (involving the use of technology to analyze un- and semi-structured text data for valuable insights, trends, and patterns) across disciplines and a corresponding demand on academic libraries to support text analysis pedagogy and text analysis …

Art And Math Via Cubic Polynomials, Polynomiography And Modulus Visualization, Bahman Kalantari

LASER Journal

Throughout history, both quadratic and cubic polynomials have been rich sources for the discovery and development of deep mathematical properties, concepts, and algorithms. In this article, we explore both classical and modern findings concerning three key attributes of polynomials: roots, fixed points, and modulus. Not only do these concepts lead to fertile ground for exploring sophisticated mathematics and engaging educational tools, but they also serve as artistic activities. By utilizing innovative practices like polynomiography—visualizations associated with polynomial root finding methods—as well as visualizations based on polynomial modulus properties, we argue that individuals can unlock their creative potential. From crafting captivating …

Klimchouk’S Impact On The Development Of Speleogenetic Models For Castile Evaporites: West Texas And Southeastern New Mexico, Usa, Kevin W. Stafford

International Journal of Speleology

Due to the pioneering work of Alexander Klimchouk (2007), hypogene karst is now recognized as being complex and extensive throughout Permian strata of the greater Delaware Basin in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico (USA). Klimchouk heavily influenced our current understanding of hypogene speleogenesis in the Permian Ochoan Castile Formation where we now recognize diverse hypogene manifestations that include vertically-extensive breccia pipes, laterally-extensive blanket breccias, morphologically-varied caves, diagenetically-altered sulfates, and unique venting structures. Underlying Bell Canyon strata provide the transmissive zone for delivery and removal of solutionally aggressive fluids to the conformably overlying Castile evaporites. Current speleogenetic models indicate that …

Terrestrial Exchange Of Atmospheric Metals: Insights From Fallout Radionuclides, Joshua D. Landis

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Forests mediate the exchange of gases and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere over 30% of global land area. Because forest foliage efficiently absorbs PM with persistent pollutants including metals Pb and Hg, as well as CO₂ and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), this exchange profoundly influences the composition of the atmosphere as well as terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. The processes by which PM is absorbed remain enigmatic, however, due to the complexity of micrometeorological physics and submicron physical scale of the interaction. Here, measurements of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) beryllium-7 and lead-210, which are quintessential tracers …

Russian Verbs Of Sound’S Web-Scraping Results From The A.A. Zalizniak Grammatical Dictionary And The Russian National Corpus. Multi-Dimensional Scaling Techniques And Visualization Strategies, John Simmons, Irina V. Ivliyeva

Graduate Student Research & Creative Works

This project aims to enhance web extraction techniques pertaining to a specific lexical-semantic group of Russian verbs of sounds, which undergo semantic modifications at the word-formation level (affixation). Additionally, it seeks to organize search results in a manner conducive to linguistic research using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) techniques and novel visualization strategies.

The primary objective in this phase of the research was to gather, consolidate, analyze, and present a comprehensive index of all forms of verbs of sound sourced from the A.A. Zalizniak Grammatical Dictionary of the Russian language, hyperlink each verbal form in this index with the Russian National Corpus …

An Investigation Into The Causes Of Home Field Advantage In Professional Soccer, Paige E. Tomer

Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science Honors Projects

Home-field advantage is the sporting phenomenon in which the home team outperforms the away team. Despite its widespread occurrence across sports, the underlying reasons for home-field advantage remain uncertain. In this paper, we employ a range of statistical methods to explore the causal relationships of potential determinants of home-field advantage. We measure home-field advantage using match outcomes and differential metrics (e.g., differences in yellow cards received). In an attempt to narrow the research disparity between men’s and women’s sports, we utilize data from the National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL) and the English Premier League (EPL) to investigate potential causes of …

An Investigation Of The Interactions Of Gradient Coherence And Network Pruning In Neural Networks, Zachary Yauney

Theses and Dissertations

We investigate the coherent gradient hypothesis and show that the coherence measurements are different on real and random data regardless of the network's initialization. We introduce "diffs," an attempt at an element-wise approximation at coherence, and investigate their properties. We study how coherence is affected by increasing the width of simple fully-connected networks. We then prune those fully-connected networks and find that sparse networks outperform dense networks with the same number of nonzero parameters. In addition, we show that it is possible to increase the performance of a sparse network by scaling the size of the dense parent network it …

A Discussion On Estimation Of The Best Constant For Spherical Restriction Inequalities, Hongyi Liu

Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science Honors Projects

The restriction conjecture asks for a meaningful restriction of the Fourier transform of a function to a sufficiently curved lower dimensional manifold. It then conjectures certain size estimates for this restriction in terms of the size of the original function. It has been proven in 2 dimensions, but it is open in dimensions 3 and larger, and is an area of much recent active effort. In our study, instead of aiming to prove the restriction conjecture, we target understanding its worst-case scenarios within known estimates. Specifically, we investigate the extension operator applied to antipodally concentrating profiles, examining the ratio of …

Classification Of Topological Defects In Cosmological Models, Abigail Swanson

Student Research Submissions

In nature, symmetries play an extremely significant role. Understanding the symmetries of a system can tell us important information and help us make predictions. However, these symmetries can break and form a new type of symmetry in the system. Most notably, this occurs when the system goes through a phase transition. Sometimes, a symmetry can break and produce a tear, known as a topological defect, in the system. These defects cannot be removed through a continuous transformation and can have major consequences on the system as a whole. It is helpful to know what type of defect is produced when …

Designed For Life: Unearthing Just And Sustainable Urban Design Through The Daylighting Of Phalen Creek, Corgan R. Archuleta

Geography Honors Projects

This thesis conceptualizes a relational approach to urban design. Often separated from justice, I argue urban design can shape spaces to enable respectful and reciprocal human and more-than- human relationships. Focusing on Phalen Creek in Saint Paul, Minnesota, I illuminate just and sustainable possibilities between ecologically sustainable and socially inclusive design. Phalen Creek was a natural waterway buried in a pipe during 20th century urbanization to be partially reconstructed through daylighting. The Indigenous and Immigrant stories driving restoration expand urban design’s liberatory potential. Combining just sustainabilities with infrastructure theory and Indigenous Knowledges, I contend urban design offers a relational approach …

04-29-2024 Orsp Newsletter, Liz Williamson

ORSP Newsletter

Locating ORSP training in Blackboard, Marta Panickar, MS Aerospace and Defense Symposium, NSF Common Forms in SciENcv

Cradle Explorer: Casfer Interactive Platform For Data And Model Visualization, Olatunde D. Akanbi, Vibha S. Mandayam, Haiping Ai, Arafath Nihar, Erika I. Barcelos, Laura S. Bruckman, Jeffrey Yarus, Yinghui Wu, Huichun (Judy) Zhang, Roger H. French

Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Develop An Interactive Python Dashboard For Analyzing Ezproxy Logs, Andy Huff, Matthew Roth, Weiling Liu

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

This paper describes the development of an interactive dashboard in Python with EZproxy log data. Hopefully, this dashboard will help improve the evidence-based decision-making process in electronic resources management and explore the impact of library use.

Surface Treatments' Effects On The Capacitor's Dielectric Performance Under Electro-Thermal Stresses, Haider. M. Umran, Feipeng Wang

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films are characterized by unfavorable aging behavior because of their poor susceptibility to high temperatures, humidity, and high electric fields. This makes them unqualified to withstand harsh operating conditions, such as in capacitor applications. This study investigates the impact of annealing BOPP samples at 100 °C for five hours after fluorination at different times (15, 30, and 60 minutes) on their electrical and mechanical performance under electro-thermal stresses. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm that there is an increase in surface roughness and the formation of a dense layer of fluorine-containing groups monotonically with fluorination time. So, …

Rotational Spectrum, Structure, And Quadrupole Coupling Of Cyclopropylchloromethyldifluorosilane, Alexander R. Davies, Abanob G. Hanna, Alma Lutas, Gamil A. Guirgis, Garry S. Grubbs

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cyclopropylchloromethyldifluorosilane, C-C3H5SiF2CH2Cl, Has Been Synthesized, and its Rotational Spectrum Has Been Recorded by Chirped-Pulse Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy. the Spectral Analysis of Several Isotopologues Indicates the Presence of Two Distinct Conformations in the Free-Jet Expansion, Which Are Interconvertible through a Rotation of the Chloromethyl Group. a Partial Substitution Structure is Presented for the Lower Energy Conformation and is Compared to the Equilibrium Structure Obtained from Quantum Chemical Calculations. Additionally, the Presence of the Chlorine Nucleus Leads to the Rotational Transitions Splitting into Multiple Hyperfine Components and Χaa, a Measure of the Electric Field Gradient Along the a Axis, is Unusually …

Electrocatalytic Cyclopropanation Of Active Methylene Compounds, Liang-Hua Jie, Hai-Chao Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The development of novel strategies to access cyclopropanes has become increasingly important due to the vital role of these three-membered ring structures in synthetic intermediates, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we present an electrocatalytic method for the synthesis of cyclopropanes through intermolecular dehydrogenative annulation of active methylene compounds and arylalkenes. This electrochemical process requires no chemical oxidants, allowing for a speedy access to various functionalized cyclopropanes from inexpensive and readily available materials.

Electrochemical Syntheses Of Aryl-Substituted Benzothiophenes And Phenanthrenes Using Benzenediazonium Salts As The Aryl Radical Precursors, Li-Yuan Lan, Yang-Ye Jiang, Raymond Daniel Little, Cheng-Chu Zeng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Aryl-substituted benzothiophene and phenanthrene are important structural units in medicinal chemistry and materials science. Although extensive effort has been devoted to prepare these compounds and a variety of approaches have been developed to construct the 2-substituted benzothiophene core structure, environmental-friendly and efficient synthetic means are still desired. Based on our previous electrochemical Minisci-type arylation reaction with aryl diazonium salt as the aryl precursor, as well as the work from König’s group, herein, we described the use of paired electrolysis to achieve 2-aryl benzothiophenes and 9-aryl phenanthrenes employing benzenediazonium salts as the aryl radical precursors. Initially, 2-methylthiobenzendiazonium salt 1a and 4-methylbenzene …

Electrochemical Advanced Treatment Of Desulfurization Wastewater From Coal-Fired Power Plants, Ju-Cai Wei, Juan Yi, Xu Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zero-emission of desulfurization wastewater is one of the main demands for coal-fired power plants. As typical high salinity wastewater, it is hard to purify the desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants through traditional physicochemical treatment or biochemical treatment, e.g., COD and Cl^–. A high concentration of Cl^– ion in desulfurization wastewater restricts wastewater reuse and zero-emission. Electrochemical technology is an attractive method for high salinity wastewater zero-emission, which provides a versatile, efficient, cost-effective, easily automatable, and clean industrial process. For advanced treatment of effluent after triple box process treatment in power plants, this paper reports an electrochemical …

Graph-Based Learning, Jason Gronn

Honors Projects

An educational approach to teaching students based on prerequisite knowledge they may or may not have is presented. This approach represents educational content in the form of a graph, where edges link each topic to the prerequisites of that topic. A proof-of-concept website is created based on this approach, where qualitative results are observed and a number of conclusions are drawn. Some of the findings are that, while it can prevent users from being confused by lacked prior knowledge, the users may instead be confused by the presentation of the graph structure. The work finds that the approach is workable, …

Rainbowcake: Mitigating Cold-Starts In Serverless With Layer-Wise Container Caching And Sharing, Hanfei Yu, Rohan Basu Roy, Christian Fontenot, Devesh Tiwari, Jian Li, Hong Zhang, Hao Wang, Seung Jong Park

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Serverless Computing Has Grown Rapidly as a New Cloud Computing Paradigm that Promises Ease-Of-Management, Cost-Efficiency, and Auto-Scaling by Shipping Functions Via Self-Contained Virtualized Containers. Unfortunately, Serverless Computing Suffers from Severe Cold-Start Problems - -Starting Containers Incurs Non-Trivial Latency. Full Container Caching is Widely Applied to Mitigate Cold-Starts Yet Has Recently Been Outperformed by Two Lines of Research: Partial Container Caching and Container Sharing. However, Either Partial Container Caching or Container Sharing Techniques Exhibit their Drawbacks. Partial Container Caching Effectively Deals with Burstiness While Leaving Cold-Start Mitigation Halfway; Container Sharing Reduces Cold-Starts by Enabling Containers to Serve Multiple Functions While Suffering …

Representation Theory And Burnside's Theorem, Nathan Fronk

Senior Seminars and Capstones

In this paper we give a brief introduction to the representation theory of finite groups, and by extension character theory. These tools are extensions of group theory into linear algebra, that can then be applied back to group theory to prove propositions that are based entirely in group theory. We discuss the importance of simple groups and the Jordan-Hölder theorem in order to prepare for the statement of Burnside’s pq theorem. Lastly, we provide a proof of Burnside’s theorem that utilizes the character theory we covered earlier in the paper.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Silver(I) And Manganese(Ii) Complexes With Thione Imidazoles, Shannon Keyser, Audrey Lawrence, Jaime M. Murphy Ph.D.

Honors Theses

Coordination polymers are chemical complexes with versatile applications such as catalysts, electrical conduc-tors, non-linear optics, magnetics, chemical sensing, and molecular storage. The polymers are comprised of a repeating series of metal-ligand complexes, which form various structures in varying ratios depending on the metal and ligand used. Certain metal-ligand combinations have shown particular promise as potentially being polymers or, if not polymers, possessing other useful features such as electromagnetic conductivity. Complexes were synthesized using silver(I) and manganese(II) with the ligands methimazole, 2-mercaptoimidazole, and thiocarbanilide with counterions of either chloride or nitrate. These com-plexes were characterized using elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and …

Simulating Ice Particle Properties Under Varying Electric Fields, Joseph Cooney

Physics Capstone Projects

In this study, the interactions between atmospheric water molecules and an electrically charged dust particle were simulated in python to determine the role of electric charge and electric fields in atmospheric ice formation. Multiple levels of electric charge were tested, corresponding to different strengths of atmospheric electric fields. The TIP4P-2005 model for water was used to simulate these molecules under the influence of a central electric potential to represent the charged dust particle. These included a control group with no electric field (0 C), a group under a fair-weather strength of electric field (1.6*10-14 C), a foul-weather electric field (1.6*10-12 …

The Purification And Thermal Stability Of The Peroxidase Enzyme In Cucurbita Moschata, Garen Hamner

Senior Honors Theses

Peroxidases are enzymes that catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water while oxidizing organic substrates and are valuable in spheres like industrial and medical applications and histochemistry. Limitations still exist in the use of the well-studied horseradish peroxidase for certain activities due to limitations like poor thermal stability, thus the search for novel peroxidases that can overcome these limitations is an active area of research. Butternut squash peroxidase (Cucurbita moschata) (BSP) shows promise due to significant activity being found in the skin and apparent enhanced thermal stability, but an efficient purification scheme for it is lacking, as well as …

Indigenous Communities Are Disproportionately Burdened By Environmental Contamination, Rae Cade, Danlin Yu, Kyle Whyte, Pankaj Lal, Cortni Borgerson

Student Research Symposium

Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by both environmental pollution and health disparities resulting in mortality rates 60% higher than their white counterparts. Previous research has revealed instances of pollution from facilities which have caused severe health issues in Indigenous communities. Despite this, widespread geographic studies of the spatial correlation between Environmental Justice (EJ) and Indigenous populations remain lacking. This chapter examines whether Indigenous people in the northeastern United States are inequitably burdened by contamination. I find that Indigenous people are disproportionately exposed to 21 superfund contaminants, regardless of state or federal recognition. The sources of these contaminants varied, ranging from …

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Of Historic Art Paint Pigments, Sofia A. Stirpe, Juergen Thieme

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Utilizing synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy enables researchers to deduce the elemental composition of paint pigments with a higher sensitivity and resolution than that of lab-based XRF instruments. With this information, art historians can date paintings by examining the elemental makeup of paint pigments and the time periods in which they were used. One painting, Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, has been duplicated by Pieter Brueghel the Younger and other artists, leading to confusion over which artworks are Brueghel masterpieces or copies by other artists. Art historian Maurizio Seracini, retaining a painting that could be assigned …

A Tale Of Two Toroidal Graphs, Akshat Gulgulia

Honors Theses

A graph is toroidal if it can be embedded on a torus which is a doughnut-shaped surface. Two well-known examples of toroidal graphs are the complete graph K5 and the complete bipartite graph K3,3. In this thesis we elucidate the association of the subject matter with two renowned enigmas in graph theory, namely the Five Princes Problem and the Three Utilities Problems. Additionally, we look at their association with several renowned theorems in topological graph theory. We explore the link between these two graphs and a contemporary labeling concept.