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Articles 91 - 120 of 4602
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chesapeake Bay Carbonate Cycle: Past, Present, And Future, Fei Da
Chesapeake Bay Carbonate Cycle: Past, Present, And Future, Fei Da
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Multiple natural and anthropogenic drivers are expanding the variability of the estuarine carbonate system (CO2 system). These changes in the CO2 system are threatening the health of ecologically and economically important bivalve species. This dissertation investigates the Chesapeake Bay CO2 system by using numerical models and historical water quality data, focusing on the past three decades, the contemporary period, and the late 2060s. In Chapter 2, sensitivity experiments are conducted with a 3-D Chesapeake Bay hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model and reveal that the magnitude of decadal trends in the CO2 system over the past 30 years is much greater than that observed …
Domain-Specific Optimization For Machine Learning System, Yu Chen
Domain-Specific Optimization For Machine Learning System, Yu Chen
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The machine learning (ML) system has been an indispensable part of the ML ecosystem in recent years. The rapid growth of ML brings new system challenges such as the need of handling more large-scale data and computation, the requirements for higher execution performance, and lower resource usage, stimulating the demand for improving ML system. General-purpose system optimization is widely used but brings limited benefits because ML applications vary in execution behaviors based on their algorithms, input data, and configurations. It's difficult to perform comprehensive ML system optimizations without application specific information. Therefore, domain-specific optimization, a method that optimizes particular types …
Tracing Atlantic Sea Scallops Using Radio Frequency Identification (Rfid) Technology, Will Shoup
Tracing Atlantic Sea Scallops Using Radio Frequency Identification (Rfid) Technology, Will Shoup
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Traceable seafood can be linked back to its origin and method of catch. Improving the traceability of marine organisms involves establishing a transparent Chain of Custody (CoC) by collecting data at checkpoints throughout the supply chain, from ship to shore to store. This report explores the feasibility of integrating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology into the United States Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery in order to improve traceability. This report serves as a forward-looking evaluation of RFID technology that is intended to inform interested stakeholders of its functionality and capabilities. It is not intended to serve as a management …
Mattanock Town Restoration Plan, Katlin Mccarter Grigsby
Mattanock Town Restoration Plan, Katlin Mccarter Grigsby
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Mattanock Town's Restoration Plan is a science-based restoration process that evaluates the site's history, the tribal history, and the most current research to maximize native habitats, enhance coastal resilience, and reconnect the Nansemond people to the local river. Restoration priorities include increasing native plant species, incorporating oyster habitat, and addressing erosion. This plan details how synthesizing existing and new physical, biological, and cultural information can help the Nansemond Indian Nation prioritize projects that benefit their community and the surrounding environment.
Recoverable Memory Bank For Class-Incremental Learning, Jiangtao Kong
Recoverable Memory Bank For Class-Incremental Learning, Jiangtao Kong
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Incremental learning aims to enable machine learning systems to sequentially learn new tasks without forgetting the old ones. While some existing methods, such as data replay-based and parameter isolation-based approaches, achieve remarkable results in incremental learning, they often suffer from memory limits, privacy issues, or generation instability. To address these problems, we propose Recoverable Memory Bank (RMB), a novel non-exemplar-based approach for class incremental learning (CIL). Specifically, we design a dynamic memory bank that stores only one aggregated memory representing each class of the old tasks. Next, we propose a novel method that combines a high-dimensional space rotation matrix and …
Intelligent Software Tooling For Improving Software Development, Nathan Allen Cooper
Intelligent Software Tooling For Improving Software Development, Nathan Allen Cooper
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Software has eaten the world with many of the necessities and quality of life services people use requiring software. Therefore, tools that improve the software development experience can have a significant impact on the world such as generating code and test cases, detecting bugs, question and answering, etc. The success of Deep Learning (DL) over the past decade has shown huge advancements in automation across many domains, including Software Development processes. One of the main reasons behind this success is the availability of large datasets such as open-source code available through GitHub or image datasets of mobile Graphical User Interfaces …
Appearance Driven Reflectance Modeling, James Christopher Bieron
Appearance Driven Reflectance Modeling, James Christopher Bieron
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Creating realistic computer generated imagery is essential for modern movies and video games. Recreating the appearance of materials is integral to generating such photo-realistic images. While the problem of how to model materials is well studied, here we will focus on the question of how to recreate the appearance of specific materials found in the real world. In this dissertation we will begin with a short introduction to rendering, followed by a discussion of various material models, techniques for measuring reflectance, and strategies for fitting these models to reflectance data. We will then introduce a novel two-stage process for fitting, …
Program Analysis For Software Engineers And Students, Jialiang Tan
Program Analysis For Software Engineers And Students, Jialiang Tan
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Software inefficiencies are inevitable in computer systems. At the code level, software packages have become increasingly complex, they are comprised of a large amount of source code, sophisticated control and data flow, and growing levels of abstraction. This complexity often introduces inefficiencies across software stacks, leading to performance degradation. At the resource level, the evolution of hardware outpaces the performance optimization of software, leading to resource wastage and energy dissipation in emerging architecture. To better understand program behaviors, software developers take advantage of performance profiling tools. Existing profiling techniques, whether fine-grained profilers or coarse-grained profilers focus on identifying hotspots, which …
Center For Coastal Resources Management Annual Report 2022, Center For Coastal Resources Management
Center For Coastal Resources Management Annual Report 2022, Center For Coastal Resources Management
Reports
No abstract provided.
Over A Half Century Of Connecting Science And Management For Virginia’S Tidal Wetlands At The Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Over A Half Century Of Connecting Science And Management For Virginia’S Tidal Wetlands At The Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Reports
Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.
Ecological Monitoring Program At Vims Esl: Annual Report 2022, Paige G. Ross, Richard A. Snyder
Ecological Monitoring Program At Vims Esl: Annual Report 2022, Paige G. Ross, Richard A. Snyder
Reports
An Ecological Monitoring Program (EMP) has been established at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory (VIMS ESL) for the coastal environment near the Wachapreague lab. The goals of the initiative are to 1) provide status and trends information to scientists who study and regulators who manage Virginia’s marine resources, 2) provide a scientific context for short-term research and grant proposals 3) provide pedagogical enrichment for educators to use in their classes, and 4) build capacity in staff expertise and training of interns and students at VIMS ESL.
The program formalizes and standardizes data collection for a long-term …
Captain Sinclair's Recreational Area Living Shoreline And Oyster Restoration, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.
Captain Sinclair's Recreational Area Living Shoreline And Oyster Restoration, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.
Reports
Presentation report on Captain Sinclair's Recreational Area Living Shoreline and Oyster Restoration project.
Project awarded 2023 ASBPA Best Restored Shore award
Characterizing Molecular Environments In Acrylic Paint Via Single-Sided Nmr, Lyndi Kiple
Characterizing Molecular Environments In Acrylic Paint Via Single-Sided Nmr, Lyndi Kiple
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Acrylic paint is a modern artistic material made of colored pigment and polymeric binder. Acrylic binder requires fundamental study at the molecular level to understand its physical properties for purposes of art conservation and general polymer chemistry. The research presented in this thesis uses single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a non-invasive and non-destructive way to measure relaxation and self-diffusion, which provide insight to molecular mobility and physical properties of proton-containing samples. Specifically, this study relies on T2 relaxation to gain insight to regions within acrylic paint with different molecular mobilities. In both dry and wet paint, relaxometry data revealed …
Biotic And Abiotic Factors Associated With Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Constitutive Mixotroph Abundance And Proportion, Marcella Dobbertin Da Costa
Biotic And Abiotic Factors Associated With Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Constitutive Mixotroph Abundance And Proportion, Marcella Dobbertin Da Costa
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Mixotrophic protists, which combine the use of photosynthesis and prey ingestion to obtain nutrients for growth, comprise a substantial portion of the plankton community. However, there is a major gap in our understanding of how mixotroph prevalence varies spatially and temporally and under what conditions they dominate. I utilized a recently developed molecular technique to experimentally identify active mixotrophs (taxa identified to be grazing when samples were collected) and combined this with microscopy data to estimate active mixotroph abundance and proportion at two locations in a temperate estuary over a year. Active mixotroph abundance was compared to potential mixotroph (taxa …
Learning-Based Ubiquitous Sensing For Solving Real-World Problems, Woosub Jung
Learning-Based Ubiquitous Sensing For Solving Real-World Problems, Woosub Jung
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Recently, as the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has become smaller and cheaper, ubiquitous sensing ability within these devices has become increasingly accessible. Learning methods have also become more complex in the field of computer science ac- cordingly. However, there remains a gap between these learning approaches and many problems in other disciplinary fields. In this dissertation, I investigate four different learning-based studies via ubiquitous sensing for solving real-world problems, such as in IoT security, athletics, and healthcare. First, I designed an online intrusion detection system for IoT devices via power auditing. To realize the real-time system, I created a …
Climate Impacts On Spatiotemporal Habitat Usage Of Mid-Atlantic Fishes, Adena Jade Schonfeld
Climate Impacts On Spatiotemporal Habitat Usage Of Mid-Atlantic Fishes, Adena Jade Schonfeld
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Climate change has altered marine environments, most notably by increasing water temperatures and reducing dissolved oxygen concentrations. These persistent changes have impacted the phenology and spatiotemporal habitat usage of mobile species, often through distributional shifts poleward or to deeper water. Climate-driven distributional shifts have been documented for numerous species inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean along the US East Coast, a region disproportionately affected by climate change. Adjacent estuaries are experiencing similar alterations to their physical environments and biotic community composition. Many estuarine species are seasonal residents and changes to environmental conditions within an estuary can result in altered usage and residence …
Development Of 3d And 360 Gis-Based Models To Visualize Projected Sea Level Rise In Coastal Virginia, Candice M. Vinson
Development Of 3d And 360 Gis-Based Models To Visualize Projected Sea Level Rise In Coastal Virginia, Candice M. Vinson
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Science communication is a skill that can be strengthened with practice. Like any skill, it helps to know what you need to practice in order to get better at it. When presenting information to an audience, the skill of science communication comes into play as early as the first draft of a presentation. As you think about how you will tell your story to the audience, you likely consider including text on slides, images, graphs, maps, or even videos. However, it is crucial to remember that accessibility barriers are something we must often consciously work to rid our presentations of, …
Achieving Real-Time Dnn Execution On Mobile Devices With Compiler Optimizations, Wei Niu
Achieving Real-Time Dnn Execution On Mobile Devices With Compiler Optimizations, Wei Niu
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Deep learning, particularly deep neural networks (DNNs), has led to significant advancements in various fields, such as autonomous driving, natural language processing, extended reality (XR), and view synthesis. Mobile and edge devices, with their efficient and specialized processors and suitability for real-time scenarios, have become the primary carriers for these emerging applications. The advancements in AutoML tools (e.g., Network Architecture Search) and training techniques have resulted in increasingly complex and deep DNN architectures with larger computational requirements. However, achieving real-time DNN execution (inference) on mobile devices is a challenging task due to the limited computing and storage resources available on …
Matfusion: A Generative Diffusion Model For Svbrdf Capture, Samuel Lee Sartor
Matfusion: A Generative Diffusion Model For Svbrdf Capture, Samuel Lee Sartor
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
We formulate SVBRDF estimation from photographs as a diffusion task. To model the distribution of spatially varying materials, we first train a novel unconditional SVBRDF diffusion backbone model on a large set of 312,165 synthetic spatially varying material exemplars. This SVBRDF diffusion backbone model, named MatFusion, can then serve as a basis for refining a conditional diffusion model to estimate the material properties from a photograph under controlled or uncontrolled lighting. Our backbone MatFusion model is trained using only a loss on the reflectance properties, and therefore refinement can be paired with more expensive rendering methods without the need for …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Two Sets Of Group 12 Complexes With Organic Ligands, Michelle Sturner
Synthesis And Characterization Of Two Sets Of Group 12 Complexes With Organic Ligands, Michelle Sturner
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The complexes of group 12 elements are subjects of incredible interest due to differences in their bioactivity. Zinc is an essential element of life and is required for many bodily processes including gene production, growth, and the immune response. Cadmium and mercury are both toxic elements to humans. Part of their activity is due to their ability to replace zinc metal centers. Synthesis of new group 12 complexes can provide insight regarding their bioactivity and how replacement of metal centers can affect the structure of enzymes. In this thesis, the preparation and characterization of two sets of group 12 complexes …
Subsurface Structure And Impacts Of Marine Heatwaves In The Chesapeake Bay, Nathan P. Shunk
Subsurface Structure And Impacts Of Marine Heatwaves In The Chesapeake Bay, Nathan P. Shunk
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Extreme temperature events known as Marine Heatwaves (MHW), akin to atmospheric heatwaves, have only recently received attention by the estuarine scientific community. Thus far, studies have focused solely on surface events due to scarcity of long-term subsurface data. This study investigates, for the first time, the subsurface temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) anomalies associated with surface MHW events in a large, temperate, partially mixed estuary: the Chesapeake Bay (CB). Using over three decades (1986-2021) of in-situ data from several long-term monitoring programs in the CB (including sub daily moored measurements and monthly/bimonthly cruises along the main stem) and a global …
Achieving Equitable Offshore Wind Development: Lessons From European Stakeholders, Kacey Hirshfeld
Achieving Equitable Offshore Wind Development: Lessons From European Stakeholders, Kacey Hirshfeld
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Biden Administration has set aggressive offshore wind energy goals, aiming to have 30 gigawatts of offshore energy in place by 2030. This amount of energy has the potential to power 10 million homes (White House, 2022), helping the administration to reach larger clean energy goals. In Virginia, Dominion Energy aims to have 2.6 gigawatts of offshore wind energy by 2026, enough to power up to 660,000 homes (Dominion Energy).
While the upcoming offshore wind energy development will create clean energy and green jobs, the ocean is no longer an open field for development and already supports a complex matrix …
Exploring Pah Partitioning In Oysters Using Immunological Techniques, Kristen Madison Prossner
Exploring Pah Partitioning In Oysters Using Immunological Techniques, Kristen Madison Prossner
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Anthropogenic activities such as oil spills are major sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in the environment. Bivalves such as C. virginica can accumulate high levels of PAHs in tissue due to a limited metabolic capacity for these compounds. Accordingly, bivalves have served as key biomonitoring species for contaminants and exposure to PAH through seafood consumption can also be an important risk to human health due to the toxic and carcinogenic potential of these compounds. For evaluating bivalve PAH levels, conventional analyses are limited due to extensive time and expense and unreliability. This work demonstrates the application of immunological …
Identifying Factors Controlling Dinophysis Spp. Feeding, Growth, And Toxin Production Through Field And Lab Studies, Vanessa R. Strohm
Identifying Factors Controlling Dinophysis Spp. Feeding, Growth, And Toxin Production Through Field And Lab Studies, Vanessa R. Strohm
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their associated phycotoxins pose a threat to both human and shellfish health around the world. Dinophysis spp., a causative organism of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans, and its two toxin classes: dinophysistoxins (DTXs) and pectenotoxins (PTXs), have been documented throughout the year in the Chesapeake Bay. While DTX concentrations currently remain below regulatory limits in regional seafood products, further research is needed to understand environmental drivers, both biotic and abiotic, that may be impacting Dinophysis spp. feeding on prey, growth, and toxin production. To characterize populations of Dinophysis in situ, an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) …
Spectroscopy And Dynamics Of Atmospherically And Combustion-Relevant Collision Complexes, John Patrick Davis
Spectroscopy And Dynamics Of Atmospherically And Combustion-Relevant Collision Complexes, John Patrick Davis
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Potential energy surfaces describing bimolecular collisions sensitively depend on the chemical functionality and the relative orientation of colliding partners, thus defining the accessibly reactive and nonreactive pathways. Herein, we investigate the peculiar product outcomes arising from Jahn-Teller distortion of the nitric oxide and methane complex (NO-CH4). We have reported an in-depth spectroscopic and dynamics study of NO-CH4 by utilizing conformation-specific and action spectroscopy, as well as velocity map imaging, to understand the fundamental dissociative mechanisms at play. Ultimately, we have gained information about how the Jahn Teller effect possibly impacts the potential product energy transfer pathways. There is a translationally …
Constraining Of The Minerνa Medium Energy Neutrino Flux Using Neutrino-Electron Scattering, Luis Zazueta
Constraining Of The Minerνa Medium Energy Neutrino Flux Using Neutrino-Electron Scattering, Luis Zazueta
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on the flux from accelerator-based neutrino beams. As experimental neutrino physics moves to the next generation of experiments a precise characterization of the neutrino flux on a given experiment becomes crucial to the goals of the experiments: to precisely determine the neutrino oscillation parameters.This work takes advantage of neutrino-electron scattering processes for their precisely predicted cross section. The observed number of scattering events can be used as a benchmark to constrain the neutrino flux. A measurement was made of the energy spectrum of neutrino-electron elastic scattering (νe-→νe-), using data from the antineutrino-enhanced run period …
Emerging Red Sore Disease Of American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) In Chesapeake Bay: Etiology, Epidemiology, And Impacts In Aquaculture And The Wild, Amanpreet Kaur Kohli
Emerging Red Sore Disease Of American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) In Chesapeake Bay: Etiology, Epidemiology, And Impacts In Aquaculture And The Wild, Amanpreet Kaur Kohli
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Emerging infectious diseases in aquatic systems, both in aquaculture and in the wild, are a global concern. Many have proposed an uptick in marine diseases as a result of environmental changes including a warming climate, habitat modifications, trade and transfer of wildlife and aquaculture products, pollution, overharvesting of resources, and other anthropogenic impacts. These perturbations can disturb the delicate host-pathogen relationships and result in new diseases or exacerbate the existing diseases in a population. Diseases can lead to several direct and indirect effects in the ecosystem such as population declines and extinctions, and thereby a change in population dynamics, as …
From The Hubbard Model To Coulomb Interactions: Quantum Monte Carlo Computations In Strongly Correlated Systems, Zhi-Yu Xiao
From The Hubbard Model To Coulomb Interactions: Quantum Monte Carlo Computations In Strongly Correlated Systems, Zhi-Yu Xiao
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The study of interacting quantum many-body systems poses one of the main challenges in areas including condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, cold atoms physics, quantum chemistry, and materials science. Currently, no general approach is capable of handling the full complexity of interacting quantum systems, providing systematically accurate results across different ranges of many-body models and materials. The continued development of more general and more accurate numerical methodologies is instrumental in meeting the challenges of understanding and predicting the properties of interacting quantum systems. Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods represent an important class of many-body techniques extensively employed in studying correlated …
Efficient Parallelization Of Irregular Applications On Gpu Architectures, Qihan Wang
Efficient Parallelization Of Irregular Applications On Gpu Architectures, Qihan Wang
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
With the enlarging computation capacity of general Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), leveraging GPUs to accelerate parallel applications has become a critical topic in academia and industry. However, a wide range of irregular applications with a computation-/memory-intensive nature cannot easily achieve high GPU utilization. The challenges mainly involve the following aspects: first, data dependence leads to a coarse-grained kernel; second, heavy GPU memory usage may cause frequent memory evictions and extra overhead of I/O; third, specific computation patterns produce memory redundancies; last, workload balance and data reusability conjunctly benefit the overall performance, but there may exist a dynamic trade-off between them. …
Environmental Education In The Classroom: Selected Early-Career Teachers' Experiences Navigating Pre-Service And In-Service Activity Systems, Sarah Mcguire Nuss
Environmental Education In The Classroom: Selected Early-Career Teachers' Experiences Navigating Pre-Service And In-Service Activity Systems, Sarah Mcguire Nuss
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Recent publications argue that to prepare teachers of all grade levels to be confident and competent in incorporating environmental education into their classrooms, pre-service teacher training is effective (e.g., J. T. McDonald & Dominguez, 2010). But the systems in which teachers learn and work are complex, making professional learning about, and implementation of, environmental education both disparate and limited (Franzen, 2017). This study sought to understand the nature of participants’ experiences within and between teacher preparation and in-service learning systems as they relate to environmental education. Cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) provided a framework to allow for deeper understanding of …