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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 4195
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Asteroid Surfaces: The Importance Of Cohesive Forces, Keanna Jardine
Asteroid Surfaces: The Importance Of Cohesive Forces, Keanna Jardine
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adhesive forces play a significant role on airless bodies due to their weak gravities. Investigating adhesion at the surface of asteroids and their constituent components is vital to understanding their formation and evolution. Previous research has been done to understand the interaction of micron-sized spheres to planar surfaces and sphere-to-sphere interactions, which have been used to develop models of asteroid surfaces. Our investigation experimentally investigates adhesion through atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements between JSC-1 simulant particles and several AFM tips, including a typical pyramidal gold tip and microspheres of sizes 2 μm and 15 μm. The samples of JSC-1 consist …
Remediation Of Chlorinated Alkanes By Zero Valent Iron With Vitamin B12 And Utilization Of A Modified Gradual Release Of Responsibility Model In A Large Enrollment Chemistry Course, Nicole Lapeyrouse
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The following dissertation looks at addressing environmental contaminants in the environment and the integration of an active learning style in an introductory chemistry course. It begins with addressing the concern for chlorinated propanes and ethane in the environment and the importance of looking into environmental remediation applications. This research looks at incorporating vitamin B12 as an environmentally friendly catalyst in the presence of zero valent iron for the reduction of chlorinated propanes and ethane. Chapter 2 presents the analytical methods and conditions in which samples were run. The results from these experiments are discussed in length in Chapter 3. Our …
Improved System For Fabrication And Characterization Of Nanophotonic Devices By Multi-Photon Lithography, Rashi Sharma
Improved System For Fabrication And Characterization Of Nanophotonic Devices By Multi-Photon Lithography, Rashi Sharma
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A new system for multi-photon lithography (MPL) was developed and used to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) structures with higher aspect ratio, better resolution, improved fidelity, and reduced structural distortion relative to a conventional implementation of MPL. A set of curved waveguides (Rbend = 19 μm, and 38 μm) and straight waveguides (length = 50 μm, Rbend = ∞) were fabricated in an epoxide photopolymer and optically characterized using light having a wavelength in vacuum of λ0 = 2.94 μm. The optical performance of the waveguides was compared to novel spatially-variant photonic crystals (SVPCs) previously studied in the group. The waveguides were …
Spectral Properties Of The Finite Hilbert Transform On Two Adjacent Intervals Via The Method Of Riemann-Hilbert Problem, Elliot Blackstone
Spectral Properties Of The Finite Hilbert Transform On Two Adjacent Intervals Via The Method Of Riemann-Hilbert Problem, Elliot Blackstone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we study a self-adjoint integral operator $\hat{K}$ which is defined in terms of finite Hilbert transforms on two adjacent intervals. These types of transforms arise when one studies the interior problem of tomography. The operator $\hat{K}$ possesses a so-called "integrable kernel'' and it is known that the spectral properties of $\hat{K}$ are intimately related to a $2\times2$ matrix function $\Gamma(z;\lambda)$ which is the solution to a particular Riemann-Hilbert problem (in the $z$ plane). We express $\Gamma(z;\lambda)$ explicitly in terms of hypergeometric functions and find the small $\lambda$ asymptotics of $\Gamma(z;\lambda)$. This asymptotic analysis is necessary for the …
Automated Synthesis Of Memristor Crossbar Networks, Dwaipayan Chakraborty
Automated Synthesis Of Memristor Crossbar Networks, Dwaipayan Chakraborty
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The advancement of semiconductor device technology over the past decades has enabled the design of increasingly complex electrical and computational machines. Electronic design automation (EDA) has played a significant role in the design and implementation of transistor-based machines. However, as transistors move closer toward their physical limits, the speed-up provided by Moore's law will grind to a halt. Once again, we find ourselves on the verge of a paradigm shift in the computational sciences as newer devices pave the way for novel approaches to computing. One of such devices is the memristor -- a resistor with non-volatile memory. Memristors can …
Detecting Anomalies From Big Data System Logs, Siyang Lu
Detecting Anomalies From Big Data System Logs, Siyang Lu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nowadays, big data systems (e.g., Hadoop and Spark) are being widely adopted by many domains for offering effective data solutions, such as manufacturing, healthcare, education, and media. A common problem about big data systems is called anomaly, e.g., a status deviated from normal execution, which decreases the performance of computation or kills running programs. It is becoming a necessity to detect anomalies and analyze their causes. An effective and economical approach is to analyze system logs. Big data systems produce numerous unstructured logs that contain buried valuable information. However manually detecting anomalies from system logs is a tedious and daunting …
Variational Inclusions With General Over-Relaxed Proximal Point And Variational-Like Inequalities With Densely Pseudomonotonicity, George Nguyen
Variational Inclusions With General Over-Relaxed Proximal Point And Variational-Like Inequalities With Densely Pseudomonotonicity, George Nguyen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of variational inclusion and variational inequality problems and then attempts to develop efficient algorithms to estimate numerical solutions for the problems. The dissertation consists a total of five chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction to variational inequality problems, variational inclusion problems, monotone operators, and some basic definitions and preliminaries from convex analysis. Chapter 2 is a study of a general class of nonlinear implicit inclusion problems. The objective of this study is to explore how to omit the Lipschitz continuity condition by using an alternating approach to the proximal …
Effects Of Grazing And Fire On Soil Microbial Communities And Hydrological Processes In The Northern Great Plains Grassland, Jacob Comer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Historic grazing and fire regimes have been altered with the development of the livestock industry in the Northern Great Plains and have resulted in a reduction of diversity across all scales. As alternative land surface disturbances are developed to combat the loss of diversity, their potential to serve as a sustainable land surface disturbance should be evaluated. To determine the ability of an alternative grazing strategy to serve as a sustainable land surface disturbance, the reaction of the soil microbial community and soil hydrological processes should be evaluated. Objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the impact of alternative …
Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Of Biological Fluids, Patience Akosua Afedi
Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Of Biological Fluids, Patience Akosua Afedi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Proteomics is a high-throughput approach to study protein expression, structure, function, interaction, post-translational modifications, and localization in a cell or tissue. Proteomic shotgun approach was used to analyze changes in proteins in bovine follicular fluid (FF) and plasma (PL) from cows with high estradiol (HE2) or low E2 (LE2) during the preovulatory period. FF creates a unique microenvironment in follicles necessary for follicle growth and oocyte maturation, and pre-ovulatory concentrations of E2 have been reported to impact several processes involved with fertility. Initial steps in the analysis involved development of an immunodepletion protocol for high abundant proteins (HAPs) in bovine …
Holographic Optical Elements For Visible Light Applications In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Fedor Kompan
Holographic Optical Elements For Visible Light Applications In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Fedor Kompan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation reports on design and fabrication of various optical elements in Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass. An ability to produce complex holographic optical elements (HOEs) for the visible spectral region appears very beneficial for variety of applications, however, it is limited due to photosensitivity of the glass confined within the UV region. First two parts of this dissertation present two independent approaches to the problem of holographic recording using visible radiation. The first method involves modification of the original PTR glass rendering it photosensitive to radiation in the visible spectral region and, thus, making possible the recording of holograms in PTR …
Imaging Through Glass-Air Anderson Localizing Optical Fiber, Jian Zhao
Imaging Through Glass-Air Anderson Localizing Optical Fiber, Jian Zhao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The fiber-optic imaging system enables imaging deeply into hollow tissue tracts or organs of biological objects in a minimally invasive way, which are inaccessible to conventional microscopy. It is the key technology to visualize biological objects in biomedical research and clinical applications. The fiber-optic imaging system should be able to deliver a high-quality image to resolve the details of cell morphology in vivo and in real time with a miniaturized imaging unit. It also has to be insensitive to environmental perturbations, such as mechanical bending or temperature variations. Besides, both coherent and incoherent light sources should be compatible with the …
Fundamental Properties Of Metallic Nanolasers, William Hayenga
Fundamental Properties Of Metallic Nanolasers, William Hayenga
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The last two decades have witnessed tremendous advancements in the area of nanophotonics and plasmonics, which has helped propel the development of integrated photonic sources. Of central importance to such circuits is compact, scalable, low threshold, and efficient coherent sources that can be driven at high modulation frequencies. In this regard, metallic nanolasers offer a unique platform. Their introduction has enabled confinement of light at a subwavelength scale and the ultra-small size of the modes afforded by these structures allows for cavity enhancing effects that can help facilitate thresholdless lasing and large direct modulation bandwidths. In this report, I present …
Estimation And Clustering In Statistical Ill-Posed Linear Inverse Problems, Rasika Rajapakshage
Estimation And Clustering In Statistical Ill-Posed Linear Inverse Problems, Rasika Rajapakshage
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main focus of the dissertation is estimation and clustering in statistical ill-posed linear inverse problems. The dissertation deals with a problem of simultaneously estimating a collection of solutions of ill-posed linear inverse problems from their noisy images under an operator that does not have a bounded inverse, when the solutions are related in a certain way. The dissertation defense consists of three parts. In the first part, the collection consists of measurements of temporal functions at various spatial locations. In particular, we study the problem of estimating a three-dimensional function based on observations of its noisy Laplace convolution. In …
The Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator And The Generalization Of Lewis' Invariant, Daniel Reinhart
The Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator And The Generalization Of Lewis' Invariant, Daniel Reinhart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, we determine an asymptotic solution for the one dimensional relativistic harmonic oscillator using multiple scale analysis and relate the resulting invariant to Lewis' invariant. We then generalize the equations leading to Lewis' invariant so they are relativistically correct. Next we attempt to find an asymptotic solution for the general equations by making simplifying assumptions on the parameter characterizing the adiabatic nature of the system. The first term in the series for Lewis' invariant corresponds to the adiabatic invariant for systems whose frequency varies slowly. For the relativistic case we find a new conserved quantity and seek to …
Spatial Models With Specific Error Structures, Nathaniel Adu
Spatial Models With Specific Error Structures, Nathaniel Adu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation is to study the first order autoregressive model in the spatial context with specific error structures. We begin by supposing that the error structure has a long memory in both the i and the j components. Whenever the model parameters alpha and beta equal one, the limiting distribution of the sequence of normalized Fourier coefficients of the spatial process is shown to be a function of a two parameter fractional Brownian sheet. This result is used to find the limiting distribution of the periodogram ordinate of the spatial process under the null hypothesis that alpha …
Catalytic Properties Of Defect-Laden 2d Material From First-Principles, Tao Jiang
Catalytic Properties Of Defect-Laden 2d Material From First-Principles, Tao Jiang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two dimensional (2D) materials offer excellent opportunities for application as catalysts for energy needs. Their catalytic activity depends on the nature of defects, their geometry and their electronic structure. It thus important that the characteristics of defect-laden 2D materials be understood at the microscopic level. My dissertation focuses on theoretical and computational studies of several novel nanoscale materials using state-of-the-art techniques based on density functional theory (DFT) with the objective of understanding the microscopic factors that control material functionality. My work has helped establish defect-laden hexagonal boron nitride (dh-BN) as a promising metal-free catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation. Firstly, I showed …
Thermo- And Zero-Valent Iron-Activated Persulfate Oxidation Of 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol In An Aquatic System, Roaa Mogharbel
Thermo- And Zero-Valent Iron-Activated Persulfate Oxidation Of 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol In An Aquatic System, Roaa Mogharbel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The compound 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of the broad-spectrum organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos, is both more persistent and more water soluble than its parent compound. This difference, which allows TCPy to more readily leach into surface water and groundwater, has led to widespread contamination of TCPy in soils and aquatic environments. In this study, the degradation of TCPy by sulfate radicals was evaluated using zero valent ironactivated persulfate systems and heat activated persulfate system in aqueous media. Response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken design was applied in these studies to evaluate the effects of the independent variables on the mineralization of …
Task Focused Robotic Imitation Learning, Pooya Abolghasemi
Task Focused Robotic Imitation Learning, Pooya Abolghasemi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For many years, successful applications of robotics were the domain of controlled environments, such as industrial assembly lines. Such environments are custom designed for the convenience of the robot and separated from human operators. In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence, in particular, deep learning and computer vision, allowed researchers to successfully demonstrate robots that operate in unstructured environments and directly interact with humans. One of the major applications of such robots is in assistive robotics. For instance, a wheelchair mounted robotic arm can help disabled users in the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) such as feeding and …
Hybrid Integration Of Second- And Third-Order Highly Nonlinear Waveguides On Silicon Substrates, Guillermo Fernando Camacho Gonzalez
Hybrid Integration Of Second- And Third-Order Highly Nonlinear Waveguides On Silicon Substrates, Guillermo Fernando Camacho Gonzalez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In order to extend the capabilities and applications of silicon photonics, other materials and compatible technologies have been developed and integrated on silicon substrates. A particular class of integrable materials are those with high second- and third-order nonlinear optical properties. This work presents contributions made to nonlinear integrated photonics on silicon substrates, including chalcogenide waveguides for over an octave supercontinuum generation, and rib-loaded thin-film lithium niobate waveguides for highly efficient second-harmonic generation. Through the pursuit of hybrid integration of the two types of waveguides for applications such as on-chip self-referenced optical frequency combs, we have experimentally demonstrated fabrication integrability of …
Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities For Integrated Microwave Photonics Applications, Marcin Malinowski
Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities For Integrated Microwave Photonics Applications, Marcin Malinowski
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The field of integrated photonics aims at compressing large and environmentally-sensitive optical systems to micron-sized circuits that can be mass-produced through existing semiconductor fabrication facilities. The integration of optical components on single chips is pivotal to the realization of miniature systems with high degree of complexity. Such novel photonic chips find abundant applications in optical communication, spectroscopy and signal processing. This work concentrates on harnessing nonlinear phenomena to this avail. The first part of this dissertation discusses, both from component and system level, the development of a frequency comb source with a semiconductor mode-locked laser at its heart. New nonlinear …
Magnesium-Based Treatment For The Degradation Of Octachlorodibenzofuran And Trinitrotoluene, Amal Mogharbel
Magnesium-Based Treatment For The Degradation Of Octachlorodibenzofuran And Trinitrotoluene, Amal Mogharbel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of the present research is to investigate the efficacy of using ball-milled zero-valent magnesium (ZVMg) with and without activated carbon (AC) for the dechlorination of polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Three different solvent systems are presented here which are ethanol, ethanol/ethyl lactate (90:10), and 2-butoxyethanol. These solvents in combination with ZVMg with and without activated carbon were tested towards the degradation of octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF, the most highly chlorinated PCDF congener). All the tested systems were very powerful and reductively dechlorinated OCDF to less chlorinated congeners. However, the system of ball-milled ZVMg and ethanol was the only system which converted OCDF and …
A Complete Approach To Predict Biodistribution Of Nanomaterials Within Animal Species From In-Vitro Data, Edward Price
A Complete Approach To Predict Biodistribution Of Nanomaterials Within Animal Species From In-Vitro Data, Edward Price
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Smart drug-design for antibody and nanomaterial-based therapies allows for optimization of drug efficacy and more efficient early-stage pre-clinical trials. The ideal drug must display maximum efficacy at target tissue sites, but to track and predict distribution to these sites, one must have a mechanistic understanding of the kinetics involved with the individual cells of the tissue itself. This process can be tracked through biological simulations coupled with in-vitro approaches, which result in a rapid and efficient in-depth understanding of drug transport within tissue vasculature and cellular environment. As a result, it becomes possible to predict drug biodistribution within live animal …
Non-Hermitian And Space-Time Mode Management, Nicholas Nye
Non-Hermitian And Space-Time Mode Management, Nicholas Nye
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the last few years, optics has witnessed the emergence of two fields namely metasurfaces and parity-time (PT) symmetry. Optical metasurfaces are engineered structures that provide unique responses to electromagnetic waves, absent in natural materials. On the other hand, PT symmetry has emerged from quantum mechanics, when a new class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian quantum systems was shown to have real eigenvalues. In this work, we demonstrate how PT-symmetric diffractive structures are capable of eliminating diffraction orders in specific directions, while maintaining/enhancing the remaining orders. In the second part of this work, we emphasize on supersymmetry (SUSY) and its applications in …
Taking A Canon To The Adjunction Formula, Paul M. Harrelson
Taking A Canon To The Adjunction Formula, Paul M. Harrelson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this paper, we show how the canonical divisor of a graph is related to the canonical divisor of its subgraph. The use of chip firing and the adjunction formula for graphs ex- plains said relation and even completes it. We go on to show the difference between the formula for full subgraphs and that of non-full subgraphs. Examples are used to simplify these results and to see the adjunction formula in action. Finally, we show that though the adjunction formula seems simple at first glance, it is somewhat complex and rather useful.
The Impacts Of Land Use And Land Cover Change On Water Quality In The Big Sioux River: 2007-2016, Dinesh Shrestha
The Impacts Of Land Use And Land Cover Change On Water Quality In The Big Sioux River: 2007-2016, Dinesh Shrestha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Between 2006 and 2012, conversion of 485,000 acres of grassland to cropland in eastern South Dakota was reported. In 2012, the Big Sioux River (BSR) running through most of eastern South Dakota was listed among the dirtiest rivers in the nation. This rating convinced state authorities to study trends of land cover changes in the BSR watershed and its association with BSR water quality with respect to increases in nitrate levels. This research i) quantifies spatial and temporal changes in the land cover types within the BSR watershed, and ii) identifies any correlation between these changes and changes in BSR …
Isolation And Identification Of Potential Bioinoculants Based On Phosphate Solubilizing And Plant Growth Promoting Benefits, Rachel Raths
Isolation And Identification Of Potential Bioinoculants Based On Phosphate Solubilizing And Plant Growth Promoting Benefits, Rachel Raths
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Conservative models have shown that as populations rise, food production needs to double by 2050. Population increase and the green revolution have caused fertilizer inputs to increase since the 1960’s, increasing environmental issues and production costs. These intensive practices have led to degraded arable land and there has been an increase in urbanization meaning we need to make best use of the farming land that is available and ensure it is sustainable for future food production. Due to this, there has been a higher demand for research on more environmentally and economically friendly approaches to food production. Plant growth promoting …
Long-Term Impacts Of Manure And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Physical, Chemical And Biological Properties, Asmita Gautam
Long-Term Impacts Of Manure And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Physical, Chemical And Biological Properties, Asmita Gautam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The intensive use of mineral fertilizers to achieve high crop yield has led to soil degradation and poor soil health. Thus, manure application as an alternative to mineral fertilizers can be an effective fertilization strategy to improve soil health and biodiversity. This study aims to assess the impacts of long-term manure and mineral fertilizers on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The experimental site was initiated in 2003 near Beresford, South Dakota on Egan soil under a randomized complete block design with four replications and six treatments. The study treatments included: three manure rates [low manure (LM), manure application based …
Application Of Analytical Techniques In Food Product Development, Sonali R. Pandey
Application Of Analytical Techniques In Food Product Development, Sonali R. Pandey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Products are analyzed in major sectors of food industry to meet regulatory standards, food safety, quality control, and research and development. Analytical and extraction techniques have been applied for simultaneous investigation of multiple product characteristics. Food analysis faces critical challenges due to the complex composition of food, leading to matrix effects that result in loss of accuracy and reliability. The analytical techniques require an efficient sample preparation to avoid or minimize matrix effects. Solid-phase extraction has been widely used to address this issue. In this dissertation, the aim is to apply analytical techniques in food product development. To accomplish this, …
Room Temperature Vox Air-Bridge Bolometer Integrated With Metal-Insulator-Metal Resonant Absorbers, Seth Calhoun
Room Temperature Vox Air-Bridge Bolometer Integrated With Metal-Insulator-Metal Resonant Absorbers, Seth Calhoun
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Spectrally-selective un-cooled micro-bolometers have many military and industrial applications for infrared sensing and imaging, e.g. target acquisition and chemical analysis. In this work, a micro-bolometer was fabricated with integrated wavelength-selective absorber based on subwavelength metal-insulator-metal (MIM) resonators. The fabricated air-bridge structure used a vanadium oxide thin film as the bolometric element. A novel aqueous deposition method of depositing vanadium oxide was investigated and compared to traditional sputtered vanadium oxide to determine achievable temperature coefficient of resistance. The MIM absorber itself was investigated as a function of the dielectric used, and the strong dependence of the resonance spectrum on dispersion was …
Tumor-Targeted Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles With Encapsulated Iron And Its Biomedical Application For In Vitro Killing Of Melanoma Cell Lines Through Ferroptosis Assisted Chemodynamic Therapy (Cdt), Khalaf Jasim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Melanoma represents one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of skin cancer, with annually rising incidences throughout the world. Although chemotherapy modalities remain the mainstay of treatment, the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy typically is hampered by multidrug resistance (MDR) and nonspecific drug distribution that causes side-effects. To surmount such limitations, novel nanoformulations of low band-gap poly ({4,8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b?] dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) and poly [2,1,3-benzothiadiazole- 4,7- diyl [4,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl)- 4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b'] dithiophene-2,6-diyl]] (PCPDTBT) were fabricated by a reprecipitation method. These conjugated polymer nanoparticles were functionalized with the polypeptide endothelin-3 (EDN3-CPNPs) to target melanoma. The …