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Articles 2071 - 2100 of 4195
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Semi-Parametric Methods For Personalized Treatment Selection And Multi-State Models., Chathura K. Siriwardhana
Semi-Parametric Methods For Personalized Treatment Selection And Multi-State Models., Chathura K. Siriwardhana
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation contains three research projects on personalized medicine and a project on multi-state modelling. The idea behind personalized medicine is selecting the best treatment that maximizes interested clinical outcomes of an individual based on his or her genetic and genomic information. We propose a method for treatment assignment based on individual covariate information for a patient. Our method covers more than two treatments and it can be applied with a broad set of models and it has very desirable large sample properties. An empirical study using simulations and a real data analysis show the applicability of the proposed procedure. …
Computational Studies Of Spin Trapping Of Biologically Relevant Radicals By New Heteroaryl Nitrones, Eyram Asempa
Computational Studies Of Spin Trapping Of Biologically Relevant Radicals By New Heteroaryl Nitrones, Eyram Asempa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Heteroaryl nitrone spin traps have been suggested to act as free radical scavengers. The geometry optimizations and the single-point energies of the spin trapping reactions of the heteroaryl nitrones, 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and α-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN) have been computationally studied using ab initio (Hartree-Fock (HF) and second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2)) methods and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The effects of new heteroaryl substituents on a parent nitrone spin trap have been examined at the HF and MP2 levels with the 6-31G*, and cc-pVnZ (n=D, T, Q) basis sets. The thermodynamics of the spin trapping at the C-site and O-site with •H, …
Evaluation Of Groundwater Quality In Paleozoic Aquifers Using Gis Techniques, Central Texas, Garrett R. Harris
Evaluation Of Groundwater Quality In Paleozoic Aquifers Using Gis Techniques, Central Texas, Garrett R. Harris
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lab analyses of groundwater chemistry from monitoring wells completed in the Paleozoic Aquifers surrounding the Llano Uplift of Central Texas has been recorded and made available to the public through the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). This study evaluated the results of these data dating back to the 1940s to determine changes over time, the dynamics of the hydrologic system, and the locations where hydraulic connectivity is most probable. The initial results established two distinct hydrologic systems that required the separation of the northern from the southern region. The northern sub-region (NSR) contains the largest expanse of continuity of both …
Effects Of Watershed Characteristics On Stream Vulnerability To Urbanization: Implications Of Future Land Use On Streams In Maine, Usa, Kristen Weil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Catchment urbanization has deleterious effects on freshwater resources and aquatic communities in small stream ecosystems. In the State of Maine, many streams have been negatively affected by urbanization and are in need of management and restoration. Impervious cover (IC), i.e., any surface that impedes water infiltration into the ground, can serve as a measure of watershed urbanization. Recent studies conducted in Maine have indicated that stream biotic community structure and function begin to decline at impervious cover levels of approximately 1 to 15%. This wide range presents a challenge to regulatory agencies and watershed managers charged with protecting stream quality …
Transcriptional And Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Gene Expression, Jun Ding
Transcriptional And Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Gene Expression, Jun Ding
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Regulation of gene expression includes a variety of mechanisms to increase or decrease specific gene products. Gene expression can be regulated at any stage from transcription to post-transcription and it's essential to almost all living organisms, as it increases the versatility and adaptability by allowing the cell to express the needed proteins. In this dissertation, we comprehensively studied the gene regulation from both transcriptional and post-transcriptional points of view. Transcriptional regulation is by which cells regulate the transcription from DNA to RNA, thereby directing gene activity. Transcriptional factors (TFs) play a very important role in transcriptional regulation and they are …
Self-Assembly Of Rous Sarcoma Virus Capsid Protein, Probed By Solid-State Nmr And Tem, Jaekyun Jeon
Self-Assembly Of Rous Sarcoma Virus Capsid Protein, Probed By Solid-State Nmr And Tem, Jaekyun Jeon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The retroviral capsid protein (CA) is derived from the cleavage of Gag polyprotein during the maturation process, and self-assembles into a polymorphic fullerene-like shell encasing the viral genome materials. The orthoretroviral CAs, for instance, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) CA, has little similarity in their sequence composition but a common 3D structure. They form distinct capsid assembly in vivo and a range of similar assemblies in vitro. Due to the substantial polymorphism, such assemblies are not amenable for conventional structural biology techniques such as X-ray diffraction crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is the …
A Mathematical Model For Feral Cat Ecology With Application To Disease., Jeff Sharpe
A Mathematical Model For Feral Cat Ecology With Application To Disease., Jeff Sharpe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We formulate and analyze a mathematical model for feral cats living in an isolated colony. The model contains compartments for kittens, adult females and adult males. Kittens are born at a rate proportional to the population of adult females and mature at equal rates into adult females and adult males. Adults compete with each other in a manner analogous to Lotka-Volterra competition. This competition comes in four forms, classified by gender. Native house cats, and their effects are also considered, including additional competition and abandonment into the feral population. Control measures are also modeled in the form of per-capita removal …
Ultrafast Mechanisms Of Nonlinear Refraction And Two-Photon Photochromism, Peng Zhao
Ultrafast Mechanisms Of Nonlinear Refraction And Two-Photon Photochromism, Peng Zhao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Derived from a material's third-order nonlinearity, nonlinear refraction (NLR) occurs at any wavelength in any material, and may exhibit noninstantaneous dynamics depending on its physical origins. The main subject of this dissertation is to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the NLR response in different phases of matter, e.g. liquids, gases, and semiconductors, by extensively using our recently developed ultrafast Beam Deflection (BD) technique. An additional subject includes the characterization of a novel two-photon photochromic molecule. In molecular liquids, the major nonlinear optical (NLO) response can be decomposed into a nearly instantaneous bound-electronic NLR (Kerr effect), originating from the real …
Habitat Selection In Transformed Landscapes And The Role Of Novel Ecosystems For Native Species Persistence, Lina Maria Sanchez Clavijo
Habitat Selection In Transformed Landscapes And The Role Of Novel Ecosystems For Native Species Persistence, Lina Maria Sanchez Clavijo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To understand native species persistence in transformed landscapes we must evaluate how individual behaviors interact with landscape structure through ecological processes such as habitat selection. Rapid, widespread landscape transformation may lead to a mismatch between habitat preference and quality, a phenomenon known as ecological traps that can have negative outcomes for populations. I applied this framework to the study of birds inhabiting landscapes dominated by forest remnants and shade coffee plantations, a tropical agroforestry system that retains important portions of native biodiversity. I used two different approaches to answer the question: What is the role of habitat selection in the …
Electrical Parasitic Bandwidth Limitations Of Oxide-Free Lithographic Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers, Xu Yang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nowadays, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are the most popular optical sources in short-reach data communications. In the commercial oxide VCSEL technology, an oxide aperture is created inside resonant cavity in realizing good mode and current confinement, however, high electrical resistance comes along with forming the oxide aperture and the electrical parasitic bandwidth becomes the main limitation in modulation speed. In this report, electrical bandwidths of oxide-free lithographic VCSELs have been studied along with their general lasing properties. Due to the new ways of fabricating the aperture, record low resistances have been achieved in oxide-free lithographic VCSELs with various sizes, while …
On Randic Energy Of Graphs, Brittany Burns
On Randic Energy Of Graphs, Brittany Burns
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this research, we explore the subject of graph energy. We first discuss the connections between linear algebra and graph theory and review some important definitions and facts of these two fields. We introduce graph energy and provide some historical perspectives on the subject. Known results of graph energy are also mentioned and some relevant results are proven. We discuss some applications of graph energy in the physical sciences. Then, Randic energy is defined and results are given and proved for specific families of graphs. We focus on simple, connected graphs that are commonly studied in graph theory. Also, the …
Study Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Dechlorination By Zero Valent Magnesium With And Without Activated Carbon In Acidified Ethanol-Ethyl Lactate System, Fiona Zullo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic organic chemicals that ca de detected in the environment worldwide. PCBs were banned in the U.S in 1979 owing to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. Today PCBs are classified as human carcinogens and are among the top ten of the U.S Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) most toxic chemicals. Many researchers have shown soil to be contaminated with PCBs at concentrations as high as 750 ppm. Given the toxicity of PCBs, there is an urgent need to extract and degrade such chemicals from contaminated soil in a cost effective way. Prior work revealed a …
Broad Bandwidth Optical Frequency Combs From Low Noise, High Repetition Rate Semiconductor Mode-Locked Lasers, Anthony Klee
Broad Bandwidth Optical Frequency Combs From Low Noise, High Repetition Rate Semiconductor Mode-Locked Lasers, Anthony Klee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mode-locked lasers have numerous applications in the areas of communications, spectroscopy, and frequency metrology. Harmonically mode-locked semiconductor lasers with external ring cavities offer a unique combination of benefits in that they can produce high repetition rate pulse trains with low timing jitter, achieve narrow axial mode linewidths, have the potential for entire monolithic integration on-chip, feature high wall-plug efficiency due to direct electrical pumping, and can be engineered to operate in different wavelength bands of interest. However, lasers based on InP/InGaAsP quantum well devices which operate in the important telecom C-band have thus far been relatively limited in bandwidth as …
Dynamical Formation Of Protoplanetesimals, Akbar Whizin
Dynamical Formation Of Protoplanetesimals, Akbar Whizin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The seeds of planetesimals that formed in the gaseous protoplanetary disk (PPD) have many barriers to overcome in their growth from millimeter to meter-sized and larger bodies. Centimeter-sized aggregates are weakly bound and self-gravity is almost non-existent so surface forces play a critical role in holding small loosely-bound rubble-piles together. Their orbital motions and effects form disk processes impart relative velocities leading to collisions so understanding the macroscopic disk environment is also necessary. To this end we analyze the dynamics of particles in Saturn's F ring as an analogue to understanding the orbital evolution of proto-planetesimals embedded in a PPD. …
Spatiotemporal Graphs For Object Segmentation And Human Pose Estimation In Videos, Dong Zhang
Spatiotemporal Graphs For Object Segmentation And Human Pose Estimation In Videos, Dong Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Images and videos can be naturally represented by graphs, with spatial graphs for images and spatiotemporal graphs for videos. However, for different applications, there are usually different formulations of the graphs, and algorithms for each formulation have different complexities. Therefore, wisely formulating the problem to ensure an accurate and efficient solution is one of the core issues in Computer Vision research. We explore three problems in this domain to demonstrate how to formulate all of these problems in terms of spatiotemporal graphs and obtain good and efficient solutions. The first problem we explore is video object segmentation. The goal is …
Investigating The Predictive Power Of Student Characteristics On Success In Studio-Mode, Algebra-Based Introductory Physics Courses, Jarrad Pond
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As part of a project to explore the differential success of similar implementations of the studio-mode of physics instruction, the objective of this work is to investigate the characteristics of students enrolled in algebra-based, studio-mode introductory physics courses at various universities in order to evaluate what effects these characteristics have on different measures of student success, such as gains in conceptual knowledge, shifts to more favorable attitudes toward physics, and final course grades. In my analysis, I explore the strategic self-regulatory, motivational, and demographic characteristics of students in algebra-based, studio-mode physics courses at three universities: the University of Central Florida …
Optical Parity Time Metasurface Structures, Ahmed El Halawany
Optical Parity Time Metasurface Structures, Ahmed El Halawany
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the last few years, optics has witnessed the emergence of two fields namely metasurfaces and parity-time (PT) symmetry. Optical metasurfaces are engineered structures that provide unique responses to electromagnetic waves, absent in natural materials. Optical metasurfaces are known for their reduced dimensionality i.e. subwavelength and consequently lower losses are anticipated. The other paradigm is the PT symmetric materials, also known as photonic synthetic matter. PT symmetry has emerged from quantum mechanics when a new class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian quantum systems was highlighted to have real eigenvalues, hence eradicating Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian as an essential condition to the existence …
Novel Photodynamic Cancer Therapy Agent And Biochemical Phosphate Sensor Based On Nanomaterials, Alaa Fadhel
Novel Photodynamic Cancer Therapy Agent And Biochemical Phosphate Sensor Based On Nanomaterials, Alaa Fadhel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Biochemical research and clinical studies have revolutionized the field of medicine in both diagnosis and therapy. Researchers in the field of biochemistry and biotechnology are using nanomaterials in different applications to develop devices and materials that offer benefits to both patients and the health care industry. These include biochemical sensors, enzyme encapsulation, biomarkers, and drug delivery improvements for the treatment of cancer. This dissertation focuses on investigating two biochemical aspects using nanomaterials; namely therapy and clinical diagnosis. For therapy purposes, Silica nanoparticles were used as drug delivery system to develop a new photodynamic cancer therapy agent photo-acid generator (PAG) that …
Internal Degrees Of Freedom And Spin Transitions In Single Molecule Magnets, James Atkinson
Internal Degrees Of Freedom And Spin Transitions In Single Molecule Magnets, James Atkinson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis covers a range of work detailing the transitions between spin eigenstates in molecular magnet systems. Broadly speaking, these transitions can be divided into two kinds: Those that involve a the tunneling of spin through a potential barrier to a resonant state on the other side, a phenomenon known as quantum tunneling of magnetization, and those that occur through the absorption or emission of a photon. In this latter case, the energy of the photon must match the difference between two eigenstates with a difference in angular momentum of ?. We will detail research performed on single molecule magnets, …
Monolithically Integrated Inp-Based Unidirectional Circulators Utilizing Non-Hermiticity And Nonlinearity, Parinaz Aleahmad
Monolithically Integrated Inp-Based Unidirectional Circulators Utilizing Non-Hermiticity And Nonlinearity, Parinaz Aleahmad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The need to integrate critical optical components on a single chip has been an ongoing quest in both optoelectronics and optical communication systems. Among the possible devices, elements supporting non-reciprocal transmission are of great interest for applications where signal routing and isolation is required. In this respect, breaking reciprocity is typically accomplished via Faraday rotation through appropriate magneto-optical arrangements. Unfortunately, standard light emitting optoelectronic materials like for example III-V semiconductors, lack magneto-optical properties and hence cannot be directly used in this capacity. To address these issues, a number of different tactics have been attempted in the last few years. These …
Coupling Of Laser Beams For Filament Propagation, Daniel Kepler
Coupling Of Laser Beams For Filament Propagation, Daniel Kepler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Laser filamentation is a nonlinear process involving high-energy, ultrashort pulses that create narrow, non-diffracting structures over many times the Raleigh length. While many of the characteristics of filaments can vary greatly depending on the physical parameters used to create them, they share several defining features: a high intensity core, a lower intensity cladding of photons that serves as an energy reservoir to the core, and spectral broadening into a supercontinuum. While there have been many studies on the creation and control of multiple filaments from one laser pulse and a few studies on the interaction of two single filaments, many …
Model Nanocatalysts With Tunable Reactivity: Tailoring The Structure And Surface Chemistry Of Nanomaterials For Energy And Alternative Fuels Catalysis, Hemma Mistry
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the most pressing challenges of our time is meeting growing global energy demands while limiting human impact on the environment. To meet this challenge, new catalysts are needed to enable carbon neutral energy production processes and low cost synthesis of alternative fuels. In order to design new catalysts for such processes, fundamental understanding is needed on how the structural and chemical properties of nanostructured materials influences their surface chemistry. In this dissertation, I explore how the properties of nanoparticles, such as particle size, shape, composition, and chemical state, can be used to tune their reactivity. For this work, …
Analysis Of Employment And Earnings Using Varying Coefficient Models To Assess Success Of Minorities And Women, Amanda Goedeker
Analysis Of Employment And Earnings Using Varying Coefficient Models To Assess Success Of Minorities And Women, Amanda Goedeker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this thesis is to examine the success of minorities (black, and Hispanic/Latino employees) and women in the United States workforce, defining success by employment percentage and earnings. The goal of this thesis is to study the impact gender, race, passage of time, and national economic status reflected in gross domestic product have on the success of minorities and women. In particular, this thesis considers the impact of these factors in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) industries. Varying coefficient models are utilized in the analysis of data sets for national employment percentages and earnings.
Multi-Purpose Device For Analyzing And Measuring Ultra-Short Pulses, Naman Anilkumar Mehta
Multi-Purpose Device For Analyzing And Measuring Ultra-Short Pulses, Naman Anilkumar Mehta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Intensity auto correlator is device to measure pulse widths of ultrashort pulses on the order of picoseconds and femtoseconds. I have built an in-house, compact, portable, industry standard intensity auto correlator for measuring ultrashort pulse-widths. My device is suitable for pulse-widths from 500 ps to 50 fs. The impetus for developing this instrument stemmed from our development of a multicore-fiber laser for high power laser applications, which also produces very short pulses that cannot be measured with an oscilloscope. As techniques for measuring short pulse-widths have been well studied, what made my journey exciting was the process of taking an …
Interval Edge-Colorings Of Graphs, Austin Foster
Interval Edge-Colorings Of Graphs, Austin Foster
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A proper edge-coloring of a graph G by positive integers is called an interval edge-coloring if the colors assigned to the edges incident to any vertex in G are consecutive (i.e., those colors form an interval of integers). The notion of interval edge-colorings was first introduced by Asratian and Kamalian in 1987, motivated by the problem of finding compact school timetables. In 1992, Hansen described another scenario using interval edge-colorings to schedule parent-teacher conferences so that every person's conferences occur in consecutive slots. A solution exists if and only if the bipartite graph with vertices for parents and teachers, and …
Size, Shape, Composition And Chemical State Effects In Nanocatalysis, Mahdi Ahmadi
Size, Shape, Composition And Chemical State Effects In Nanocatalysis, Mahdi Ahmadi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The field of nanocatalysis has gained significant attention in the last decades due to the numerous industrial applications of nanosized catalysts. Size, shape, structure, and composition of the nanoparticles (NPs) are the parameters that can affect the reactivity, selectivity and stability of nanocatalysts. Therefore, understanding how these parameters affect the catalytic properties of these systems is required in order to engineer them with a given desired performance. It is also important to gain insight into the structural evolution of the NP catalysts under different reaction conditions to design catalysts with long durability under reaction condition. In this dissertation a synergistic …
Analysis Of Benzopyrenes And Benzopyrene Metabolites By Fluorescence Spectroscopy Techniques, Bassam Al-Farhani
Analysis Of Benzopyrenes And Benzopyrene Metabolites By Fluorescence Spectroscopy Techniques, Bassam Al-Farhani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are some of the most common and toxic pollutants encountered worldwide. Presently, monitoring is restricted to sixteen PAHs, but it is well understood that this list omits many toxic PAHs. Among the "forgotten" PAHs, isomers with molecular weight 302 are of particular concern due to their high toxicological properties. The chromatographic analysis of PAHs with MW 302 is challenged by similar retention times and virtually identical mass fragmentation patterns. The first original component of this dissertation evolves from a high-resolution spectroscopic approach specifically developed to fulfil this gap. Herein, 4.2 K Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (4.2K …
The Owl Sensor: A Smart Nanostructure For Single Nucleotide Variation Analysis, Rebekah Karadeema
The Owl Sensor: A Smart Nanostructure For Single Nucleotide Variation Analysis, Rebekah Karadeema
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Analysis of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in DNA and RNA sequences is extensively used in healthcare for detection of genetic mutations and analysis of drug resistant pathogens. Here we developed a nucleic acid sensor able to differentiate between a fully matched analyte and one with a SNV in a wide temperature range of 5°C-32°C. The sensor, dubbed here the 'Owl Sensor' due to the complex's resemblance to owl eyes, utilizes recent developments in DNA nanotechnology and synthetic biology to self-assemble a fluorescent DNA nanostructure called a Double Crossover, or DX Tile, capable of differentiating SNVs in a large temperature range, …
The Woz Recognizer: A Tool For Understanding User Perceptions Of Sketch-Based Interfaces, Jared Bott
The Woz Recognizer: A Tool For Understanding User Perceptions Of Sketch-Based Interfaces, Jared Bott
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sketch recognition has the potential to be an important input method for computers in the coming years; however, designing and building an accurate and sophisticated sketch recognition system is a time consuming and daunting task. Since sketch recognition is still at a level where mistakes are common, it is important to understand how users perceive and tolerate recognition errors and other user interface elements with these imperfect systems. A problem in performing this type of research is that we cannot easily control aspects of recognition in order to rigorously study the systems. We performed a study examining user perceptions of …
Towards Structural Determination Of Human Α1-Glycine Receptor Allostery, Rathna Jyothi Veeramachaneni
Towards Structural Determination Of Human Α1-Glycine Receptor Allostery, Rathna Jyothi Veeramachaneni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent advances in technology have led to the determination of numerous notable structures of membrane proteins. While they provide valuable information about the structure of membrane proteins these studies often provide static images with potentially limited dynamics, and structural determination often requires truncation of flexible regions, and often utilizes bacterial homologs given the need for stable, heterologous overexpression. In order to better understand allostery at a molecular level, state-dependent crosslinking studies coupled with multidimensional mass spectrometry (MS) were conducted on glycine receptor (GlyR) stabilized in different allosteric states. Predominant allosteric states were stabilized using wild type or mutated receptor in …