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Articles 2971 - 3000 of 4195
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelet-Filled Impact Modified Polypropylene Nanocomposites, Alex Duguay
Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelet-Filled Impact Modified Polypropylene Nanocomposites, Alex Duguay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP)-filled polymer composites have demonstrated superior electrical, mechanical, physical and thermal properties and are becoming a major focus for both academic and industrial research and development (R&D) activities. The main objective of this study was to characterize the influence of xGnP particle diameter, filler loading and the addition of coupling agents on the mechanical, rheological and thermal properties of xGnP-filled impact modified polypropylene (IMPP) composites. IMPP is currently being used at the AEWC Advanced Structures and Composites Center in polymer impregnated (pre-preg) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tapes consisting of an IMPP matrix polymer and E-glass continuous fibers. …
Variation In The Modified First Metatarsal Of A Large Sample Of Tapirus Polkensis And The Functional Implications For Ceratomorphs., Patrick Lawrence Hawkins
Variation In The Modified First Metatarsal Of A Large Sample Of Tapirus Polkensis And The Functional Implications For Ceratomorphs., Patrick Lawrence Hawkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Mio-Pliocene age Gray Fossil Site of northeastern Tennessee has the largest collection of tapir postcranial skeletons in the world. Though representing a single species, a few localized structures show high variability. This paper deals with variation of the first metatarsal, which in tapirs was reduced as an early adaptation for running and then retrofitted to serve as a special origin for flexors and adductors of the proximal phalanges. The first metatarsal connects the medial ankle with a posterior process of the third metatarsal in tapiroids. In Tapirus indicus, T. webbi, and 6 out of 31 T. polkensis …
Population Structure Based On Age-Class Distribution Of Tapirus Polkensis From The Gray Fossil Site Tennessee., Matthew L. Gibson
Population Structure Based On Age-Class Distribution Of Tapirus Polkensis From The Gray Fossil Site Tennessee., Matthew L. Gibson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Individuals of Tapirus polkensis from the Gray Fossil Site exhibit an excellent level of preservation. Intact skulls collected from the site were arranged in a rough age class system separated into 7 categories based on the teeth present and amount of dental wear. Such an eruption series is useful for general comparisons amongst the individual tapirs; however, the classes do not represent an age in years due to a lack of data on living tapirs. Consequently, it is possible that some age classes may contain several years of a tapirs life, or comparatively only a few months. In this study …
The Occurrence Of An Abdominal Fauna In An Articulated Tapir (Tapirus Polkensis) Recovered From The Miocene Gray Fossil Site Northeast Tennessee., Shannon M. Mcconnell
The Occurrence Of An Abdominal Fauna In An Articulated Tapir (Tapirus Polkensis) Recovered From The Miocene Gray Fossil Site Northeast Tennessee., Shannon M. Mcconnell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The analysis of samples recovered from the abdominal area of an articulated tapir from the Late Miocene (4.5-7 million bp) Gray Fossil Site, revealed a rich palyno-fauna comprised of about 94% egg/oocyst-like structures and 6% pollen and other palynomorphs. In addition, a tight grouping of six hickory nuts (Carya) was recovered from the same area suggesting that the samples represent the abdominal contents. The analysis of a sample from immediately outside the tapir produced a sample with 98% pollen and less than 0.5% egg-like structures. The size, shape, and general morphology of egg-like structures were analyzed with light …
High Dynamic Range Imaging For The Detection Of Motion., Jeffrey Robert Hay
High Dynamic Range Imaging For The Detection Of Motion., Jeffrey Robert Hay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High dynamic range imaging involves imaging at a bit depth higher than the typical 8-12 bits offered by standard video equipment. We propose a method of imaging a scene at high dynamic range, 14+ bits, to detect motion correlated with changes in the measured optical signal. Features within a scene, namely edges, can be tracked through a time sequence and produce a modulation in light levels associated with the edge moving across a region being sampled by the detector. The modulation in the signal is analyzed and a model is proposed that allows for an absolute measurement of the displacement …
Interannual Variability In American Lobster Settlement: Correlations With Sea Surface Temperature, Wind Stress And River Discharge, Mahima Jaini
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recruitment to benthic marine populations is fundamentally a biophysical problem. The American Lobster Settlement Index is an annual diver-based survey of the young-of-year American lobsters (Homarus americanus) found in inshore nurseries in New England, USA and Atlantic Canada at the end of the postlarval settlement season. The considerable interannual variability in the settlement index suggests that environmental factors play an important role in regulating planktonic larval supply and transport. In this study, I focused on the longest settlement time series from three oceanographically contrasting regions: Midcoast Maine, coastal Rhode Island and the lower Bay of Fundy. Sampling in these regions …
On The Cranial Osteology Of Eremiascincus And Its Use For Identification., William B. Gelnaw
On The Cranial Osteology Of Eremiascincus And Its Use For Identification., William B. Gelnaw
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A persistent problem for Australian paleontology has been a lack of diagnostic characters for identifying lizard fossils. Eremiascincus is one of the most widespread genera in Australia, so it was examined for distinguishing features and how it fits into a model of skink evolution. Skulls of Eremiascincus were examined within five separate contexts: 1) a description of the cranial osteology, 2) a qualitative comparison of individual cranial elements of Eremiascincus to closely related Ctenotus, 3) a description of the cranial allometry in Eremiascincus using linear morphometrics, 4) using cranial morphometrics of skinks to deduce their phylogeny, and 5) using …
Estimation For The Cox Model With Various Types Of Censored Data, Tonya Riddlesworth
Estimation For The Cox Model With Various Types Of Censored Data, Tonya Riddlesworth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In survival analysis, the Cox model is one of the most widely used tools. However, up to now there has not been any published work on the Cox model with complicated types of censored data, such as doubly censored data, partly-interval censored data, etc., while these types of censored data have been encountered in important medical studies, such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, etc. In this dissertation, we first derive the bivariate nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (BNPMLE) F[subscript n](t,z) for joint distribution function F[sub 0](t,z) of survival time T and covariate Z, where T is subject to right censoring, noting …
Hückel Energy Of A Graph: Its Evolution From Quantum Chemistry To Mathematics, Steven Zimmerman
Hückel Energy Of A Graph: Its Evolution From Quantum Chemistry To Mathematics, Steven Zimmerman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The energy of a graph began with German physicist, Erich H¨uckel’s 1931 paper, Quantenttheoretische Beitr¨age zum Benzolproblem. His work developed a method for computing the binding energy of the π-electrons for a certain class of organic molecules. The vertices of the graph represented the carbon atoms while the single edge between each pair of distinct vertices represented the hydrogen bonds between the carbon atoms. In turn, the chemical graphs were represented by an n × n matrix used in solving Schr¨odinger’s eigenvalue/eigenvector equation. The sum of the absolute values of these graph eigenvalues represented the total π-electron energy. The criteria …
Techniques For Boosting The Performance In Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems, Ning Yu
Techniques For Boosting The Performance In Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems, Ning Yu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Content-Based Image Retrieval has been an active research area for decades. In a CBIR system, one or more images are used as query to search for similar images. The similarity is measured on the low level features, such as color, shape, edge, texture. First, each image is processed and visual features are extract. Therefore each image becomes a point in the feature space. Then, if two images are close to each other in the feature space, they are considered similar. That is, the k nearest neighbors are considered the most similar images to the query image. In this K-Nearest Neighbor …
Characterization Of Composite Broad Band Absorbing Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Using Steady-State, Time-Resolve And Single Particle Spectroscopy, Maxwell Scotland Bonner
Characterization Of Composite Broad Band Absorbing Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Using Steady-State, Time-Resolve And Single Particle Spectroscopy, Maxwell Scotland Bonner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As the global economy searches for reliable, inexpensive and environmentally friendly renewable energy resources, energy conservation by means of photovoltaics has seen near exponential growth in the last decade. Compared to state-of-the-art inorganic solar cells, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) composed of conjugated polymers are particularly interesting because of their processability, flexibility and the potential for large area devices at a reduced fabrication cost. It has been extensively documented that the interchain and intrachain interactions of conjugated polymers complicate the fundamental understanding of the optical and electronic properties in the solid-state (i.e. thin film active layer). These interactions are highly dependent on …
Ultra High Density Spectral Beam Combining By Thermal Tuning Of Volume Bragg Gratings In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Derrek Drachenberg
Ultra High Density Spectral Beam Combining By Thermal Tuning Of Volume Bragg Gratings In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Derrek Drachenberg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High power lasers with diffraction limited beam quality are desired for many applications in defense and manufacturing. A lot of applications require laser beams at the 100 kW power level along with divergence close to the diffraction limit. The figure of merit for a beam used in such applications should be radiance which determines the laser power delivered to a remote target. One of the primary limiting factors is thermal distortion of a laser beam caused by excessive heat generated in the laser media. Combination of multiple laser beams is usually considered as a method to mitigate these limitations. Spectral …
Theoretical Study Of Beam Transformations By Volume Diffraction, Sergiy V. Mokhov
Theoretical Study Of Beam Transformations By Volume Diffraction, Sergiy V. Mokhov
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Laser beams can be manipulated by volume diffractive elements in addition to conventional optical elements like mirrors, lenses, and beam splitters. Conventional optical elements can be described by applying the basic laws of reflection and refraction at the surfaces of the elements. Even diffraction by surface gratings utilizes relatively simple mathematics. This is to be contrasted with the volume diffraction, which requires coupled wave theory in the slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA) to obtain accurate results. Efficient spatially distributed diffraction of laser beams is possible due to the high coherence of laser light, and it occurs at specific resonant Bragg …
Density Functional Theory Study Of Molecules And Crystals Containing D And F Metals, Shruba Gangopadhyay
Density Functional Theory Study Of Molecules And Crystals Containing D And F Metals, Shruba Gangopadhyay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Density Functional Theory (DFT) method is applied to study the crystal structure of transition metal and lanthanide oxides, as well as molecular magnetic complexes. DFT is a widely popular computational approach because it recasts a many-body problem of interacting electrons into an equivalent problem of non-interacting electrons, greatly reducing computational cost. We show that for certain structural properties like phase stability, lattice parameter and oxygen migration energetics pure DFT can give good agreement with experiments. But moving to more sensitive properties like spin state energetic certain modifications of standard DFT are needed. First we investigated mixed ionic-electronic conducting perovskite type …
High Pressure And Micro-Spectroscopic Studies Of Single Living Erythrocytes And The Intraerythrocytic Multplication Cycle Of Plasmodium Falciparum, Silki Arora
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A novel experimental approach for micro-absorption spectroscopy and high-pressure microscopy of single cells is developed and applied to the investigation of morphological, volume, and spectroscopic changes in healthy red blood cells (RBCs) and erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Through real-time optical imaging of individual erythrocytes (size ~ 7[micrometer]) we determine the change in volume over the pressure range from 0.1 to 210 MPa. The lateral diameter of healthy RBCs decreases reversibly with pressure with an approximate slope of 0.015 [micrometer] / MPa. In infected cells, clear differences in the deformability and between the compression and decompression curves …
Self-Assembly And Photophysics Of Selected Organic Materials And Two-Photon Bioimaging With Profluorescent Nitroxides, Polyelectrolyte Nanoparticles, And Squaraine Probes, Hyo Yang Ahn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two-photon absorption and upconverted fluorescence has been utilized in a variety of applications in pure science and engineering. Multiphoton-based techniques were used in this research in order to understand photophysical and chemical characteristics of several fluorescent dyes and to demonstrate some of their key applications. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) has become a powerful technique in bio-photonics for non-invasive imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) region (700~1000 nm) that often results in less photobleaching. In Chapter 1, there is a brief introduction to fluorescence, examples of fluorescence materials, and a discussion of the advantages of two-photon absorption. 2PFM imaging was utilized in …
Characterization Of The Nonlinear Refractive Index Of Carbon Disulfide Over An Extended Spectral And Temporal Range, Marcus Seidel
Characterization Of The Nonlinear Refractive Index Of Carbon Disulfide Over An Extended Spectral And Temporal Range, Marcus Seidel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The intensity dependent refractive index change of a medium is frequently described in terms of the product n₂ · I where n₂ is the nonlinear refractive index and I the light intensity. The nonlinear refractive index is often treated as constant which is a reasonable assumption if the light interacts only with bound electrons. In the case of carbon disulfide (CS₂) however, nuclear motions contribute to n₂. These motions occur on the sub picosecond time scale and thus become especially relevant for ultrashort laser pulses. The neat liquid CS₂ is studied because it exhibits a large nonlinear refractive index in …
Computational Study Of The Near Field Spontaneous Creation Of Photonic States Coupled To Few Level Systems, Sergio Tafur
Computational Study Of The Near Field Spontaneous Creation Of Photonic States Coupled To Few Level Systems, Sergio Tafur
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Models of the spontaneous emission and absorption of photons coupled to the electronic states of quantum dots, molecules, N-V (single nitrogen vacancy) centers in diamond, that can be modeled as artificial few level atoms, are important to the development of quantum computers and quantum networks. A quantum source modeled after an effective few level system is strongly dependent on the type and coupling strength the allowed transitions. These selection rules are subject to the Wigner-Eckert theorem which specifies the possible transitions during the spontaneous creation of a photonic state and its subsequent emission. The model presented in this dissertation describes …
Infrared Emission Spectroscopy Of Hot Carbon Monoxide, Farnood Khalilzadeh Rezaie
Infrared Emission Spectroscopy Of Hot Carbon Monoxide, Farnood Khalilzadeh Rezaie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Gas giant exoplanets known as hot Jupiters orbit close to their parent stars and are heated to high temperatures. Their infrared spectra, measured by photometry during secondary eclipses, are dominated by carbon monoxide and methane, the principle reservoirs of carbon on these planets. The relative CO and CH4 abundances inform us about temperature and pressure conditions and also about mixing by global winds driven by intense but asymmetric heating for these tidally locked bodies. Emission spectra collected during secondary eclipses, as the hot Jupiter passes behind its parent star, in principle allows a determination of the CO:CH4 concentration ratio. Since …
Perceptual Image Quality Of Launch Vehicle Imaging Telescopes, Joshua K. Lentz
Perceptual Image Quality Of Launch Vehicle Imaging Telescopes, Joshua K. Lentz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A large fleet (in the hundreds) of high quality telescopes are used for tracking and imaging of launch vehicles during ascent from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center. A maintenance tool has been development for use with these telescopes. The tool requires rankings of telescope condition in terms of the ability to generate useful imagery. It is thus a case of ranking telescope conditions on the basis of the perceptual image quality of their imagery. Perceptual image quality metrics that are well-correlated to observer opinions of image quality have been available for several decades. However, these are …
Price Discovery In The U.S. Bond Market Trading Strategies And The Cost Of Liquidity, Haimei Shao
Price Discovery In The U.S. Bond Market Trading Strategies And The Cost Of Liquidity, Haimei Shao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The world bond market is nearly twice as large as the equity market. The goal of this dissertation is to study the dynamics of bond price. Among the liquidity risk, interest rate risk and default risk, this dissertation will focus on the liquidity risk and trading strategy. Under the mathematical frame of stochastic control, we model price setting in U.S. bond markets where dealers have multiple instruments to smooth inventory imbalances. The difficulty in obtaining the optimal trading strategy is that the optimal strategy and value function depend on each other, and the corresponding HJB equation is nonlinear. To solve …
Fractal Spectral Measures In Two Dimensions, Beng Oscar Alrud
Fractal Spectral Measures In Two Dimensions, Beng Oscar Alrud
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We study spectral properties for invariant measures associated to affine iterated function systems. We present various conditions under which the existence of a Hadamard pair implies the existence of a spectrum for the fractal measure. This solves a conjecture proposed by Dorin Dutkay and Palle Jorgensen, in several special cases in dimension 2.
Single-Electron Transport Spectroscopy Studies Of Magnetic Molecules And Nanoparticles, Firoze Haque
Single-Electron Transport Spectroscopy Studies Of Magnetic Molecules And Nanoparticles, Firoze Haque
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Magnetic nanoparticles and molecules, in particular ferromagnetic noble metal nanoparticles, molecular magnet and single-molecule magnets (SMM), are perfect examples to investigate the role of quantum mechanics at the nanoscale. For example, SMMs are known to reverse their magnetization by quantum tunneling in the absence of thermal excitation and show a number of fundamental quantum mechanical manifestations, such as quantum interference effects. On the other hand, noble metal nanoparticles are found to behave ferromagnetically for diameters below a few nanometers. Some of these manifestations are still intriguing, and novel research approaches are necessary to advance towards a more complete understanding of …
The Effectiveness Of Teaching Methods Designed To Improve Student Engagement And Retention Of Physics Subject Matter For Both Science And Non-Science Majors, Dan Maronde
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The necessity of students’ engagement with the subject matter for successful learning is welldocumented in education research in general, and in physics education research in particular. This study examines the merits of two different programs designed to improve student learning through enhanced student engagement with the material. The target populations of the two programs are different: One is the group of students taking a physical science class as part of the general curriculum required of non-science, non-engineering majors; the other is the group of students, mostly in engineering disciplines, who must take the calculus-based introductory physics sequence as part of …
Two-Photon Cross Section Enhancement Of Photochromic Compounds For Use In 3d Optical Data Storage, Gheorghe Luchita
Two-Photon Cross Section Enhancement Of Photochromic Compounds For Use In 3d Optical Data Storage, Gheorghe Luchita
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Rewritable photochrome-based 3D optical data storage requires photochromic molecules with high two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections. Currently, the low value of two-photon absorption cross sections of existing photochromes makes them unsuitable for practical application in 3D data storage. Worldwide attempts to increase the cross section of photochromic molecules by altering the chemical structure have yielded poor results. In this work, two ways to increase the two-photon absorption cross sections of photochromes were investigated. In the first method, partial success demonstrated by extending the conjugation of a photochromic molecule, a high two-photon absorption cross section of the closed form isomer and …
Algebraic Aspects Of (Bio) Nano-Chemical Reaction Networks And Bifurcations In Various Dynamical Systems, Teng Chen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The dynamics of (bio) chemical reaction networks have been studied by different methods. Among these methods, the chemical reaction network theory has been proven to successfully predicate important qualitative properties, such as the existence of the steady state and the asymptotic behavior of the steady state. However, a constructive approach to the steady state locus has not been presented. In this thesis, with the help of toric geometry, we propose a generic strategy towards this question. This theory is applied to (bio)nano particle configurations. We also investigate Hopf bifurcation surfaces of various dynamical systems.
Self-Assembly Of Squaraine Dyes, Maher A. Qaddoura
Self-Assembly Of Squaraine Dyes, Maher A. Qaddoura
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Squaraine dyes have been a subject of extensive investigations lately due to their wide applications in important technological fields such as bioimaging probes, bioconjucation, second generation photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, second harmonic generating organic dyes, two-photon absorbing materials with large cross section values, and, finally, photoconducting materials in photovoltaic cells. While a large number of patents and papers has been produced regarding their applications limited work has been done concerning their thermotropic behavior, including their liquid crystalline properties, or correlation of the crystalline structure to both the solid state aggregation and their photophysical properties. In the first chapter of this …
The Application Of Two-Photon Absorbing Probes In Lysosomal, Zinc Ion Sensing And Folate Receptor-Targeted Bioimaging, Xuhua Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) has become a powerful technique for bioimaging in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and also investigating the mechanization and original of a variety of diseases by tracking various biological processes. Because the fluorescence emission by two photon absorbing (2PA) is directly proportional to the square of the intensity of excitation light, this intrinsic property of 2PA provides 2PFM great advantages over traditional one-photon fluorescence microscopy (1PFM), including high 3D spatial localization, less photodamage and interference from biological tissue because of using longer wavelength excitation (700-1300 nm). However, most 2PA probes are hydrophobic and their photostabilities are questionable, severely …
Fine-Scale Structures In Saturn's Rings Waves, Wakes And Ghosts, Kevin Baille
Fine-Scale Structures In Saturn's Rings Waves, Wakes And Ghosts, Kevin Baille
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Cassini mission provided wonderful tools to explore Saturn, its satellites and its rings system. The UVIS instrument allowed stellar occultation observations of structures in the rings with the best resolution available (around 10 meters depending on geometry and navigation), bringing our understanding of the physics of the rings to the next level. In particular, we have been able to observe, dissect, model and test the interactions between the satellites and the rings. We first looked at kilometer-wide structures generated by resonances with satellites orbiting outside the main rings. The observation of structures in the C ring and their association …
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Minimization With Prior Information A New Approach, Dmitriy Popov
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Minimization With Prior Information A New Approach, Dmitriy Popov
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithms provide an alternative to the more standard 1 l -minimization approach in compressive sensing. Daubechies et al. introduced a particularly stable version of an IRLS algorithm and rigorously proved its convergence in 2010. They did not, however, consider the case in which prior information on the support of the sparse domain of the solution is available. In 2009, Miosso et al. proposed an IRLS algorithm that makes use of this information to further reduce the number of measurements required to recover the solution with specified accuracy. Although Miosso et al. obtained a number of …