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Articles 3811 - 3840 of 4194
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Numerical Wave Simulations On Different Oceanic Scales, Khalid M. Zubier
Numerical Wave Simulations On Different Oceanic Scales, Khalid M. Zubier
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In practical applications, numerical wave models are used as reliable tools to provide near future wave predictions and wave climatology for specific region. Obviously models first should go through extensive validation/verification procedures. Once validated, models can be used in scientific applications to investigate methods for improving performance and to develop better understanding of wave associated physical mechanisms and their interactions in specific field experiments. Two wave transformation models, SWAN and CGWAVE, are used to simulate wave conditions at the Field Research Facility, Duck (North Carolina). The motivation is to examine how well these models reproduce observations and to determine the …
Effects Of Roadway-Related Physical And Chemical Habitat Alterations On Stream Ecosystems, Thomas Stuart Woodcock
Effects Of Roadway-Related Physical And Chemical Habitat Alterations On Stream Ecosystems, Thomas Stuart Woodcock
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Roadways are an important feature of both rural and urban landscapes, and disturbances associated with them have a variety of effects on stream ecosystems. Organisms may be differentially affected by toxic substances, depending on such factors as sediment and water chemistry, toxin bioavailability, uptake and elimination processes, and tolerance mechanisms. The effects of heavy metal pollution and habitat alteration related to urbanization and industry were examined along a gradient of impact in Goosefare Brook, a small stream in southern Maine with a history of water quality impahlent. The structure of invertebrate assemblages changed significantly along the gradient, and were related …
Relationships Between Stream Geomorphology And Fish Community Structure And Diversity In Maine, Emily Gaenzle
Relationships Between Stream Geomorphology And Fish Community Structure And Diversity In Maine, Emily Gaenzle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Predicting patterns in species distribution and abundance for resource management and conservation is a major focus of applied ecology. The primary objective of this study was to determine if there is a predictable relationship between stream geomorphology and fish community structure, native species richness, and native salmonid abundance in Maine. Specifically, I examined relationships between fish assemblages and geomorphic stream types, as delineated by the Rosgen classification system (Rosgen 1996). Fifty-three stream reaches in Maine were classified, and fish communities within the reaches were characterized using backpack electrofishing. Species richness was lowest in A-type streams (i.e., steep, entrenched, confined), which …
Late Holocene Sea-Level Change Around Newfoundland, Julia Daly
Late Holocene Sea-Level Change Around Newfoundland, Julia Daly
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Analysis of basal salt-marsh peats and tide-gauge data from several locations around Newfoundland yield high-resolution late Holocene sea-level reconstructions and constrain differential sea-level change. The transition between rising and falling local sea levels and the influence of glacioisostasy on relative sea-level change around Newfoundland through the late Holocene are not well known fiom previous research. The patterns of local relative sea-level change during this time have important implications for constraining numerical models of sea-level change, and therefore inferences about ice sheet thickness and the response of the lithosphere to deglaciation. I investigated the stratigraphy of salt marshes at four locations …
Stabilization Of Rutile-Related Thin Film On Tio2 Substrates, Youngnam Cho
Stabilization Of Rutile-Related Thin Film On Tio2 Substrates, Youngnam Cho
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Conducting metal oxide thin films are of broad interest because they have a wide variety of magnetic and electronic properties. Materials exist that range from superconducting to insulating, are ferromagnetic and are ferroelectric. These properties make thin conducting oxide films attractive for many industrial applications. A class of metal oxides exists that adapt the rutile crystal structure; the structure of the mineral rutile, TiO2. These metal oxides have the general formula MO2 where M is a metal cation of valence +4. Metal oxides crystallizing in the rutile structure also display a wide variety of physical properties. The …
Comparison Of Inheritance Evaluation Algorithms For Express Edition 3., Judy Dawn Greer
Comparison Of Inheritance Evaluation Algorithms For Express Edition 3., Judy Dawn Greer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Information exchanged between computer applications is difficult, thus the need for data exchange standards. The ISO STEP project defines data exchange standards using the EXPRESS language, which supports inheritance. Currently there are two algorithms used to evaluate an inheritance hierarchy: the Test and Generate algorithms. In this thesis, enhancements are made to both algorithms to support the Total Over Constraint, which is proposed for the third edition of EXPRESS. A formal algorithm is derived for the Test algorithm. The two enhanced algorithms are compared and shown to be result equivalent. However, it is shown that the Test algorithm is the …
Marine Protected Areas In The Gulf Of Maine: Policy For A Common Resource, Carolyn F. Skinder
Marine Protected Areas In The Gulf Of Maine: Policy For A Common Resource, Carolyn F. Skinder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the wake of 25 years of unsuccessful single-fisheries management in the Gulf of Maine, there has been growing support for reform. Ecosystem management has been proposed as one alternative, but the information needed to manage whole ecosystems is greatly lacking. Implementing fully-protected marine protected areas (MPAs) is one way to preserve habitat while at the same time acquiring data for future ecosystem management. Under the current institutional arrangement in the Gulf, engineering agreement for MPAs is difficult due to the differing goals of varied user groups. The situation is reflective of a common property resource problem in that there …
The Role Of Forest Soils In A Northern New England Effluent Management System, Leslie B. Nelson
The Role Of Forest Soils In A Northern New England Effluent Management System, Leslie B. Nelson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Carrabassett Valley Sanitary District in Carrabassett Valley, Maine has utilized both a forest spray irrigation system and a Snowfluent™ system for the treatment of their wastewater effluent. This study was designed to evaluate potential changes in soil properties after approximately 20 years of treatment in the forested spray irrigation site and three years of treatment in the field Snowfluent™ site. In addition, grass yield and composition were evaluated on the field study sites. After treatment with effluent or Snowfluent™, soils showed an increase in soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, and K, base saturation, and pH. While most constituents were …
Effect Of Kraft Pulping On Oxygen Delignification, Haixuan Zou
Effect Of Kraft Pulping On Oxygen Delignification, Haixuan Zou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of the study reported here was to investigate experimentally the effect of the major Kraft pulping variables on the response of brownstock pulps to medium consistency oxygen delignification. Kraft pulping was performed on mixed Northeastern hardwood chips in a laboratory rocking digester. Kraft pulps of kappa number 16 and 20 mL KMnO4 were produced by pulping under a variety of conditions. The effective alkali (EA) charged to the digester was varied over the range of 12 to 21% while the sodium sulfide content of the pulping liquor was varied between 0 to 30% sulfidity. Cooking temperatures of …
Fire And Its Effects On Mercury And Methylmercury Dynamics For Two Watersheds In Acadia National Park, Maine, Kenneth B. Johnson
Fire And Its Effects On Mercury And Methylmercury Dynamics For Two Watersheds In Acadia National Park, Maine, Kenneth B. Johnson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cross-continental movement of contaminated air masses and prevailing wind direction. Sites covered with softwood vegetation also received higher Hg deposition than other vegetation types because of the higher scavenging efficiency of the canopy structure. MeHg deposition was not affected by these factors. Hg deposition was lower in Cadillac Brook watershed (burned) than in Hadlock Brook watershed (unburned) because regeneration after the fire was dominated by mixed hardwood, whereas softwoods dominate the landscape in Hadlock Brook watershed. The lower deposition could also be a result of the watershed aspect; Cadillac Brook watershed faces southeast to east and Hadlock Brook watershed faces …
Determining Atmospheric Deposition Inputs To Two Small Watersheds At Acadia National Park, Sarah J. Nelson
Determining Atmospheric Deposition Inputs To Two Small Watersheds At Acadia National Park, Sarah J. Nelson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two small upland watersheds have been gauged and monitored at Acadia National Park since 1998. Cadillac Brook watershed burned in a wildfire in 1947. Hadlock Brook watershed has been undisturbed for several centuries, and serves as the reference site. Precipitation and throughfall volume and chemistry data have been collected using wetonly and continuously open collectors. Hydrologic and chemical inputs to the sites have been determined for each site. Differences in watershed and vegetation characteristics control the input of water and major ions to these watersheds. Vegetation type was the dominant control on enhancement of precipitation across the heterogeneous watersheds. Relative …
Distribution Of Patterned Ground And Surficial Deposits On A Debris-Covered Glacier Surface In Mullins Valley And Upper Beacon Valley, Antarctica, Andrew M. Lorrey
Distribution Of Patterned Ground And Surficial Deposits On A Debris-Covered Glacier Surface In Mullins Valley And Upper Beacon Valley, Antarctica, Andrew M. Lorrey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Beacon Valley is located in the western Dry Valleys, Antarctica, adjacent to the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). The surficial material on the floor of Beacon Valley is segmented into large polygonal landforms separated by trenches. Buried beneath the polygons and surficial material is massive ground ice. One hypothesis is that the buried ice in upper Beacon Valley is glacier ice originating from local debris-covered glaciers. The networks of polygons and trenches form as the buried ice undergoes thermal contraction and sublimation. Contraction cracks that penetrate the surficial material and buried ice in Beacon Valley contain Late Miocene age volcanic …
Evolution Of Seabed Pockmarks In Penobscot Bay, Maine, Allen M. Gontz
Evolution Of Seabed Pockmarks In Penobscot Bay, Maine, Allen M. Gontz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Seafloor depressions, called pockmarks, have been known to exist in Penobscot Bay, Maine since the mid 1980's (Knebel and Scanlon, 1985). Earlier workers (Ostericher, 1965) recognized "channels" on sonoprobe records that are in the sanle area as the pockmarks recognized by Knebel and Scanlon (1985). Their origins and pathways of evolution are unknown. Much speculation about the sources of pore fluids, levels of activity, and evolutionary pathways has occurred since their discovery. Two surveys of Belfast Bay, in 1998 and 1989, have shown differences in the pockmark field population. Over the course of a decade, 36% of the field's 1998 …
Impact Of Preservative Treatments And Fungal Exposure On Phenolic Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composite Material Utilized In Wood Reinforcement, Cihat Tascioglu
Impact Of Preservative Treatments And Fungal Exposure On Phenolic Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composite Material Utilized In Wood Reinforcement, Cihat Tascioglu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
When wood products are exposed to environmental conditions conducive to biodeterioration, wood preservation becomes a necessity, especially when long-term utilization is desired. Although considerable literature exists on the treatment of laminated timbers and wood composites with wood preservatives, almost no information is available on the exposure of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites to wood preservative chemicals. In this work, FRP material was treated with common preservative chemicals and the effect of wood preservative treatments on mechanical properties of FRP material were investigated. Although the longitudinal elastic modulus was unaffected, some longitudinal strength losses were recorded for CCA and CDDC (water …
Application Of The Tracking And Analysis Framework (Taf) To Assess The Effects Of Acidic Deposition On Recreational Fishing In Maine Lakes, Petra Warlimont
Application Of The Tracking And Analysis Framework (Taf) To Assess The Effects Of Acidic Deposition On Recreational Fishing In Maine Lakes, Petra Warlimont
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Burning fossil fuels releases sulfur and nitrogen oxides (Nox) into the atmosphere where they convert to sulfic and nitric acids. Deposition of these acids is now widely accepted as the major cause of environmental damage to forests, streams and lakes. The 19990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) require reduction in airborne sulfur and NOx, with an estimates cost of $2 billion. The purpose of this study is to place an economic value on the impact of acid rain on recreational fishing in Maine lakes. This thesis builds on the work of Englin et al. (1991) who …
A Study Of The Photodegredation Of Carbaryl: The Influence Of Natural Organic Matter And The Use Of Silver Zeolite Y As A Catalyst, Marsha Kanan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The photodegradation of carbaryl in the presence of Suwannee River natural organic matter (NOM) as well as the presence of AgY zeolites was studied. Two NOM samples were purchased in 2000 and 2001 and labeled as NOM-2000 and NOM-2001, respectively. The synchronous-scan luminescence spectra (SSLS) indicate the presence of different luminophores in the two samples. This suggests that although the compositions of the two NOM samples are similar, isomers composing the NOM mixtures are different. This difference was observed in the effect the two Suwannee River NOM samples had on the photodegradation of carbaryl. In particular, the photodecomposition of carbaryl …
Growth Increment Analysis Of Marine Bivalves From The North, Stephen D. Houk
Growth Increment Analysis Of Marine Bivalves From The North, Stephen D. Houk
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aids in developing a sea surface temperature (SST) proxy with monthly temporal resolution using a combination of growth increment and stable isotope analyses of marine bivalves from the north coast of Peru. Faunal assemblages from the Siches and Ostra Base Camp archaeological sites contain shells of warm-tropical mollusks that currently live farther north in Ecuador. The presence of warm-tropical species in these sites and others as far south as 10"s latitude and dating prior to 5730 cal yr B.P. indicates a stable warm-water regime in the eastern tropical Pacific which subsequently changes to a modern temperate-water regime after …
Decadal Responses In Soil N Dynamics At A Paired Watershed Experiment In Maine, Sultana Sarvatara Shah
Decadal Responses In Soil N Dynamics At A Paired Watershed Experiment In Maine, Sultana Sarvatara Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nitrogen is commonly thought of as the most limiting nutrient to plant growth, yet elevated N deposition can result in N accumulating in excess of biotic demand, a condition known as 'TI Saturation." Excess N can perturb soil microbial N transformations and may cause initial increases in net N mineralization rates followed by decreases in net N mineralization with concomitant increases in net nitrification. Along with increases in net nitrification and N loss, N saturation is often associated with a loss of forest productivity. Understanding nitrogen dynamics in soil under enhanced N deposition is key to predicting future forest health. …
Use Of An Epitaxial Baf2 Buffer Layer On Silicon To Control W03 Thin Film Growth, Luke D. Doucette
Use Of An Epitaxial Baf2 Buffer Layer On Silicon To Control W03 Thin Film Growth, Luke D. Doucette
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The electronic and mechanical properties of tungsten trioxide (W03) thin films have been successfully utilized in both surface acoustic wave and chemiresistive microsensor devices for the detection of certain gas-phase species. A critical material aspect that can affect microsensor performance is the type and degree of crystallization within the sensing film. However, the inclusion of this added dimension into a thin film limits the number of viable substrates for which heteroepitaxy may be realized. For W03, this constraint has restricted its usage as a sensing material to being primarily coupled with sapphire substrates. Not only does sapphire promote structured film …
Early Stage Humification During Amendment Decomposition And Its Influence On Cu-Binding Capacity Of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Karen A. Merritt
Early Stage Humification During Amendment Decomposition And Its Influence On Cu-Binding Capacity Of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Karen A. Merritt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis monitored the progression of early-stage humification during the decomposition of four soil amendments and analyzed the effect of hurnification on the copper (Cu) binding capacity of amendment-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Amendments chosen for the 8-week incubation were: wheat straw (Triticum aestivium L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incamaturn L.), a primary papermill residue (PPR), and a primary papermill residue mixed with secondary wastewater treatment sludge (PPR+SS). Specific attention was given to the
Variability And Continuity Between Paleoindian Assemblages In The Northeast: A Technological Approach, Edward Cyrus Moore
Variability And Continuity Between Paleoindian Assemblages In The Northeast: A Technological Approach, Edward Cyrus Moore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Paleoindian record in Maine consists almost exclusively of stone artifacts. Of these artifacts, the fluted projectile point is the most widely recognized and researched, particularly its morphology. Very little is known of the technological strategies involved in the production of Paleoindian stone tools or whether these strategies were consistent between Paleoindian sites. This research examines stone tool production methods and technological organization between two Paleoindian sites in Maine (Janet Cormier and Nicholas) using remnant technological attributes observed on discarded artifacts. Both sites are located in southwestern Maine within the Little Androscoggin River. The sites are situated on elevated, well-drained …
Use Of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography To Detect And Quantify Oxytetracycline Marks In Walleye Otoliths And Dorsal Spines, Michael J. Hawkins
Use Of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography To Detect And Quantify Oxytetracycline Marks In Walleye Otoliths And Dorsal Spines, Michael J. Hawkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is used to chemically mark calcified structures in walleye Stizostedion vitreum fry and fingerlings. Current visual methods for detection of these marks are subjective, and biologists are unable to quantify the amount of OTC in a sample. The goal of this study was to determine if high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a feasible and superior alternative for detecting and quantifying OTC in otoliths of fry-marked and spines of fingerlingmarked walleyes. Study objectives were to validate methodology of extraction of OTC from calcified tissue, detect and quantify extracted OTC using HPLC, and determine a cost comparison of current …
Surficial Geology And Geomorphology Of The Western Olympus Range, Antarctica: Implications For Ice-Sheet History, Brett Vandenheuvel
Surficial Geology And Geomorphology Of The Western Olympus Range, Antarctica: Implications For Ice-Sheet History, Brett Vandenheuvel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A widespread erosion surface passes across bedrock and sedimentary deposits in the western Dry Valleys sector of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. The surface includes stoss-and-lee slopes, channels, potholes, scoured basins, and corrugated bedrock. These features have been taken to represent subglacial meltwater erosion beneath a greatly expanded East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) in the mid-Miocene (Denton et al. 1984, Marchant et al. 1993a). Sedimentary deposits that are typically associated with ice-sheet wastage, such as outwash, are not present on the erosion surface. The lack of these deposits indicates that the expanded ice-sheet postulated to be responsible …
Picturing Nature: Education, Ornithology And Photography In The Life Of Cordelia Stanwood: 1865-1958, Cynthia Watkins Richardson
Picturing Nature: Education, Ornithology And Photography In The Life Of Cordelia Stanwood: 1865-1958, Cynthia Watkins Richardson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The field of environmental history, with a few exceptions, has neglected gendered analysis; in addition, several women's histories have analyzed a few environmental issues, but disregard environmental scholarship. In the joining of women's and environmental history, this dissertation examines the life of one woman, Cordelia J. Stanwood of Ellsworth, Maine (1865-1958), to determine how a woman could use nature to transcend the social limits of domesticity in the early twentieth century. Research of her correspondence, published writing, photography and forty years of field notes reveals that like many other women, she took advantage of technology and evolving ideas about womanhood …
A Study Of Radon In Air And Water In Maine Schools, Mary Jo Norris
A Study Of Radon In Air And Water In Maine Schools, Mary Jo Norris
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The transfer coefficient of radon from water to air was investigated in schools. Kitchens, bathrooms and locker rooms were studied for seven schools in Maine. Simulations were done in water-use rooms where radon in air detectors were in place. Quantities measured were radon in water (270-24500 F) and air (0-80 q), volume of water used, emissivities (0.01-0.99) and ventilation rates (0.012-0.066A). Variation throughout the room of the radon concentration was found. Values calculated for the transfer coefficient for kitchens and baths were ranged from 9.6 x to 2.0 x The transfer coefficient was calculated using these parameters and was also …
Estimation Of Standardized Mortality Ratio In Epidemiological Studies, Bingxia Wang
Estimation Of Standardized Mortality Ratio In Epidemiological Studies, Bingxia Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In epidemiological studies, we are often interested in comparing the mortality rate of a certain cohort to that of a standard population. A standard computational statistic in this regard is the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) @reslow and Day, 1987), given by where 0 is the number of deaths observed in the study cohort from a specified cause, E is the expected number calculated from that population. In occupational epidemiology, the SMR is the most common measure of risk. It is a comparative statistic. It is frequently based on a comparison of the number0 in the cohort with the expected value …
The Role Of Water Motion In Algal Reproduction, Richard Gordon
The Role Of Water Motion In Algal Reproduction, Richard Gordon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Environmental conditions, such as water motion, can influence fertilization success and spore dispersal in marine algae. Previous studies on fucoid algae showed that gamete release is restricted to, or enhanced by, periods of low water motion. Few other algal taxa have been investigated, however, including species with an alternation of generations. I investigated gamete and spore release in the macroalgae Alaria esculenta and Ulva lactuca, as well as in the diatom Pseudo-nitachia multiseries to determine if water motion is inhibitory or stimulates propagule production and release. I used orbital shakers to simulate water motion; these were interspersed with stationary platforms …
Image Compression By Wavelet Transform., Panrong Xiao
Image Compression By Wavelet Transform., Panrong Xiao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Digital images are widely used in computer applications. Uncompressed digital images require considerable storage capacity and transmission bandwidth. Efficient image compression solutions are becoming more critical with the recent growth of data intensive, multimedia-based web applications.
This thesis studies image compression with wavelet transforms. As a necessary background, the basic concepts of graphical image storage and currently used compression algorithms are discussed. The mathematical properties of several types of wavelets, including Haar, Daubechies, and biorthogonal spline wavelets are covered and the Enbedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) coding algorithm is introduced. The last part of the thesis analyzes the compression results to …
A Meta-Analysis And Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metal Uptake In Common Garden Vegetables., Trent David Lecoultre
A Meta-Analysis And Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metal Uptake In Common Garden Vegetables., Trent David Lecoultre
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Peer reviewed literature was searched to identify research pertaining to the uptake of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb and Zn) by vegetables (cabbage, carrot, lettuce, and radish). The objectives of this research were to 1) determine the relationship between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and heavy metal concentrations in vegetables, and 2) determine the level of risk associated with exposure to heavy metals through ingestion of contaminated vegetables. Highly variable estimates and biologically implausible regression equations resulted from this meta-analysis. Exposure to arsenic through the ingestion of lettuce grown on contaminated soil significantly increases cancer risk, especially in children. …
Modeling Intersections Of Geospatial Lifelines, Ramaswam Hariharan
Modeling Intersections Of Geospatial Lifelines, Ramaswam Hariharan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Modeling moving objects involves spatio-temporal reasoning. The continuous movements of objects in space-time captured as discrete samples form geospatial lifelines. Existing lifeline models can represent the movement of objects between samples from most likely location to all possible locations. This thesis builds on a model called lifeline bead and necklace that captures all the possible locations of moving objects. Beads are 3-dimensional representations of an object's movements and a series of beads form a necklace. The extent of finding the possible locations is constrained by the speed of movement of the objects. Intersections of lifelines occur when two or more …