Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

First Results From The Madcash Survey: A Faint Dwarf Galaxy Companion To The Low-Mass Spiral Galaxy Ngc 2403 At 3.2 Mpc*, Jeffrey Carlin, David Sand, Paul Price, Beth Willman, Ananthan Karunakaran, Kristine Spekkens, Eric Bell, Jean Brodie, Denija Crnojević, Duncan Forbes, Jonathan Hargis, Evan Kirby, Robert Lupton, Annika Peter, Aaron Romanowsky, Jay Strader

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Erratum: “Ngc 3628-Ucd1: A Possible Ω Cen Analog Embedded In A Stellar Stream” (2015, Apjl, 812, L10), Zachary Jennings, Aaron Romanowsky, Jean Brodie, Joachim Janz, Mark Norris, Duncan Forbes, David Martinez-Delgado, Martina Fagioli, Samantha Penny

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Star Clusters In M31. Vii. Global Kinematics And Metallicity Subpopulations Of The Globular Clusters, Nelson Caldwell, Aaron Romanowsky

Faculty Publications

We carry out a joint spatial–kinematical–metallicity analysis of globular clusters (GCs) around the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), using a homogeneous, high-quality spectroscopic data set. In particular, we remove the contaminating young clusters that have plagued many previous analyses. We find that the clusters can be divided into three major metallicity groups based on their radial distributions: (1) an inner metal-rich group ([Fe/H] > -0.4); (2) a group with intermediate metallicity (with median [Fe/H] = −1); and (3) a metal-poor group, with [Fe/H] < -1.5. The metal-rich group has kinematics and spatial properties like those of the disk of M31, while the two more metal-poor groups show mild prograde rotation overall, with larger dispersions—in contrast to previous claims of stronger rotation. The metal-poor GCs are the least concentrated group; such clusters occur five times less frequently in the central bulge than do clusters of higher metallicity. Despite some well-known differences between the M31 and Milky Way GC systems, our revised analysis points to remarkable similarities in their chemodynamical properties, which could help elucidate the different formation stages of galaxies and their GCs. In particular, the M31 results motivate further exploration of a metal-rich GC formation mode in situ, within high-redshift, clumpy galactic disks.

New Spectroscopic Technique Based On Coaddition Of Surface Brightness Fluctuations: Ngc 4449 And Its Stellar Tidal Stream, Elisa Toloba, Puragra Guhathakurta, Aaron Romanowsky, Jean Brodie, David Martínez-Delgado, Jacob Arnold, Neel Ramachandran, Kuriakose Theakanath

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Stellar Populations Across The Black Hole Mass–Velocity Dispersion Relation, Ignacio Martín-Navarro, Jean Brodie, Remco Van Den Bosch, Aaron Romanowsky, Duncan Forbes

Faculty Publications

Coevolution between supermassive black holes (BH) and their host galaxies is universally adopted in models for galaxy formation. In the absence of feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), simulated massive galaxies keep forming stars in the local universe. From an observational point of view, however, such coevolution remains unclear. We present a stellar population analysis of galaxies with direct BH mass measurements and the BH mass–σ relation as a working framework. We find that over-massive BH galaxies, i.e., galaxies lying above the best-fitting BH mass–σ line, tend to be older and more α-element-enhanced than under-massive BH galaxies. The scatter in …

Energy Tracking Diagrams, Rachel Scherr, Benedikt Harrer, Hunter Close, Abigail Daane, Lezlie Dewater, Amy Robertson, Lane Seeley, Stamatis Vokos

Faculty Publications

Energy is a crosscutting concept in science and features prominently in national science education documents. In the Next Generation Science Standards, the primary conceptual learning goal is for learners to conserve energy as they track the transfers and transformations of energy within, into, or out of the system of interest in complex physical processes. As part of tracking energy transfers among objects, learners should (i) distinguish energy from matter, including recognizing that energy flow does not uniformly align with the movement of matter, and should (ii) identify specific mechanisms by which energy is transferred among objects, such as mechanical work …

The Sluggs Survey: A New Mask Design To Reconstruct The Stellar Populations And Kinematics Of Both Inner And Outer Galaxy Regions, Nicola Pastorello, Duncan Forbes, Adriano Poci, Aaron Romanowsky, Richard Mcdermid, Adebusola Alabi, Jean Brodie, Michele Cappellari, Vincenzo Pota, Caroline Foster

Faculty Publications

Integral field unit spectrographs allow the 2D exploration of the kinematics and stellar populations of galaxies, although they are generally restricted to small fields-of-view. Using the large field-of-view of the DEIMOS multislit spectrograph on Keck and our Stellar Kinematics using Multiple Slits technique, we are able to extract sky-subtracted stellar light spectra to large galactocentric radii. Here, we present a new DEIMOS mask design named SuperSKiMS that explores large spatial scales without sacrificing high spatial sampling. We simulate a set of observations with such a mask design on the nearby galaxy NGC 1023, measuring stellar kinematics and metallicities out to …

A High Stellar Velocity Dispersion And ~100 Globular Clusters For The Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44, Pieter Van Dokkum, Roberto Abraham, Jean Brodie, Charlie Conroy, Shany Danieli, Allison Merritt, Lamiya Mowla, Aaron Romanowsky, Jielai Zhang

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Prominence Of Affect In Creativity: Expanding The Conception Of Creativity In Mathematical Problem Solving, Eric L. Mann, Scott A. Chamberlin, Amy K. Graefe

Faculty Publications

Constructs such as fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration have been accepted as integral components of creativity. In this chapter, the authors discuss affect (Leder GC, Pehkonen E, Törner G (eds), Beliefs: a hidden variable in mathematics education? Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2002; McLeod DB, J Res Math Educ 25:637–647, 1994; McLeod DB, Adams VM, Affect and mathematical problem solving: a new perspective. Springer, New York, 1989) as it relates to the production of creative outcomes in mathematical problem solving episodes. The saliency of affect in creativity cannot be underestimated, as problem solvers require an appropriate state of mind in order …

"High-Valent Copper In Biomimetic And Biological Oxidations", J. Brannon Gary

Faculty Publications

A long-standing debate in the Cu-O2 field has revolved around the relevance of the Cu(III) oxidation state in biological redox processes. The proposal of Cu(III) in biology is generally challenged as no spectroscopic or structural evidence exists currently for its presence. The reaction of synthetic Cu(I) complexes with O2 at low temperature in aprotic solvents provides the opportunity to investigate and define the chemical landscape of Cu-O2 species at a small molecule level of detail; eight different types are characterized structurally, three of which contain at least one Cu(III) center. Simple imidazole or histamine ligands are competent in these oxygenation …

Pro-Fit: Exercise With Friends, Saumil Dharia, Vijesh Jain, Jvalant Patel, Jainikkumar Vora, Rizen Yamauchi, Magdalini Eirinaki, Iraklis Varlamis

Faculty Publications

The advancements in wearable technology, where embedded accelerometers, gyroscopes and other sensors enable the users to actively monitor their activity have made it easier for individuals to pursue a healthy lifestyle. However, most of the existing applications expect continuous commitment from the end users, who need to proactively interact with the application in order to connect with friends and attain their goals. These applications fail to engage and motivate users who have busy schedules, or are not as committed and self-motivated. In this work, we present PRO-Fit, a personalized fitness assistant application that employs machine learning and recommendation algorithms in …

Calculating Heat Of Formation Values Of Energetic Compounds: A Comparative Study, Michael S. Elioff, Jordon Hoy, John A. Bumpus

Faculty Publications

Heat of formation is one of several important parameters used to assess the performance of energetic compounds. We evaluated the ability of six different methods to accurately calculate gas-phase heat of formation (Δ _𝑓𝐻^𝑜 _298,g) values for a test set of 45 nitrogencontaining energetic compounds. Density functional theory coupled with the use of isodesmic or other balanced equations yielded calculated results in which 82% (37 of 45) of the Δ _𝑓𝐻^𝑜 _298,g values were within ±2.0 kcal/mol of the most recently recommended experimental/reference values available. This was compared to a procedure using density functional theory …

Physical And Electrochemical Area Determination Of Electrodeposited Ni, Co, And Nico Thin Films, Matthew Gira, Kevin Tkacz, Jennifer R. Hampton

Faculty Publications

The surface area of electrodeposited thin films of Ni, Co, and NiCo was evaluated using electrochemical double-layer capacitance, electrochemical area measurements using the [Ru(NH₃)₆]³⁺/[Ru(NH₃)₆]²⁺ redox couple, and topographic atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. These three methods were compared to each other for each composition separately and for the entire set of samples regardless of composition. Double-layer capacitance measurements were found to be positively correlated to the roughness factors determined by AFM topography. Electrochemical area measurements were found to be less correlated with measured roughness factors as well as applicable …

Decarbonylative Cross Coupling Of Phthalimides With Diorganozinc Reagents—Efforts Toward Catalysis, Kimberly S. Deglopper, Sarah K. Fodor, Thomas Bd Endean, Jeffrey B. Johnson

Faculty Publications

The decarbonylative coupling of phthalimides with diorganozinc reagents to form o-substituted benzamides has been previously demonstrated as a viable process, but only with stoichiometric nickel(0). Investigations into a number of reaction variables, including solvent, ligand, and substrate substitution, have yielded multiple sets of conditions capable of achieving up to 10 catalyst turnovers, most successfully with the use of electron withdrawing nitrogen substituents on the phthalimide. In addition, these investigations have provided insight into the intermediates within the catalytic cycle and have revealed new approaches to the development of a general catalytic methodology.

Unequal A Priori Probability Multiple Hypothesis Testing In Space Domain Awareness With The Space Surveillance Telescope, Tyler J. Hardy, Stephen C. Cain, Travis F. Blake

Faculty Publications

This paper investigates the ability to improve Space Domain Awareness (SDA) by increasing the number of detectable Resident Space Objects (RSOs) from space surveillance sensors. With matched filter based techniques, the expected impulse response, or Point Spread Function (PSF), is compared against the received data. In the situation where the images are spatially undersampled, the modeled PSF may not match the received data if the RSO does not fall in the center of the pixel. This aliasing can be accounted for with a Multiple Hypothesis Test (MHT). Previously, proposed MHTs have implemented a test with an equal a priori prior …

Growth Conditions For Uniqueness Of Smooth Positive Solutions To An Elliptic Model, Joon Hyuk Kang

Faculty Publications

The uniqueness of positive solution to the elliptic model

∆u + u[a + g(u, v)] = 0 in Ω, ∆v + v[a + h(u, v)] = 0 in Ω, u = v = 0 on ∂Ω,

were investigated.

A Cacciopoli-Type Inequality To Prove Coercivity Of A Bilinear Form Associated With Spatial Hysteresis Internal Damping For An Euler-Bernoulli Beam, Bernd S.W. SchrÖder, Jonathan B. Walters, Katie A. Evans

Faculty Publications

We prove an inequality that resembles Cacciopoli inequalities in that it bounds the norm of the derivative of a function by using the norm of the function. Unlike in Cacciopoli inequalities, there is no restriction on the function, a fact made up for by adding an extra term to the norm of the function. The inequality arose in the proof that a bilinear form associated with spatial hysteresis internal damping for an Euler-Bernoulli beam is coercive.

Animism Among Western Buddhists, Daniel S. Capper

Faculty Publications

Myriad instances of animist phenomena abound in the Buddhist world, but due to the outdated concepts of thinkers such as Edward Tylor, James George Frazer, and Melford Spiro, commonly scholars perceive this animism merely as the work of local religions, not as deriving from Buddhism itself. However, when one follows a number of contemporary scholars and employs a new, relational concept of animism that is based on respectful recognition of nonhuman personhoods, a different picture emerges. The works of Western Buddhists such as Stephanie Kaza, Philip Kapleau Roshi, and Gary Snyder express powerful senses of relational animism that arise specifically …

Measurement Of The Yb I 1S0-1P1 Transition Frequency At 399 Nm Using An Optical Frequency Comb, Michaela Kleinert, M. E. Gold Dahl, Scott D. Bergeson

Faculty Publications

We determine the frequency of the Yb I ¹S₀-¹P₁ transition at 399 nm using an optical frequency comb. Although this transition was measured previously using an optical transfer cavity [D. Das et al., Phys, Rev. A 72, 032506 (2005)], recent work has uncovered significant errors in that method. We compare our result of 751 526 533.49 ± 0.33 MHz for the ¹⁷⁴Yb isotope with those from the literature and discuss observed differences. We verify the correctness of our method by measuring the frequencies of well-known transitions in Rb and Cs, and by …

Fusion Of Renewable Ring Resonator Lasers And Ultrafast Laser Inscribed Photonic Waveguides, Hengky Chandrahalim, Stephen C. Rand, Xudong Fan

Faculty Publications

We demonstrated the monolithic integration of reusable and wavelength reconfigurable ring resonator lasers and waveguides of arbitrary shapes to out-couple and guide laser emission on the same fused-silica chip. The ring resonator hosts were patterned by a single-mask standard lithography, whereas the waveguides were inscribed in the proximity of the ring resonator by using 3-dimensional femtosecond laser inscription technology. Reusability of the integrated ring resonator – waveguide system was examined by depositing, removing, and re-depositing dye-doped SU-8 solid polymer, SU-8 liquid polymer, and liquid solvent (toluene). The wavelength reconfigurability was validated by employing Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 3,3′-Diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide (CY3) …

A Recommendation System For Meta-Modeling: A Meta-Learning Based Approach, Can Cui, Mengqi Hu, Jeffery D. Weir, Teresa Wu

Faculty Publications

Various meta-modeling techniques have been developed to replace computationally expensive simulation models. The performance of these meta-modeling techniques on different models is varied which makes existing model selection/recommendation approaches (e.g., trial-and-error, ensemble) problematic. To address these research gaps, we propose a general meta-modeling recommendation system using meta-learning which can automate the meta-modeling recommendation process by intelligently adapting the learning bias to problem characterizations. The proposed intelligent recommendation system includes four modules: (1) problem module, (2) meta-feature module which includes a comprehensive set of meta-features to characterize the geometrical properties of problems, (3) meta-learner module which compares the performance of instance-based …

Preface, Desmond H. Murray

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Time-Based Ensembles For Prediction Of Rare Events In News Streams, Nuno Moniz, Luís Torgo, Magdalini Eirinaki

Faculty Publications

Thousands of news are published everyday reporting worldwide events. Most of these news obtain a low level of popularity and only a small set of events become highly popular in social media platforms. Predicting rare cases of highly popular news is not a trivial task due to shortcomings of standard learning approaches and evaluation metrics. So far, the standard task of predicting the popularity of news items has been tackled by either of two distinct strategies related to the publication time of news. The first strategy, a priori, is focused on predicting the popularity of news upon their publication when …

Examining The Potential Impact Of Swot Observations In An Ocean Analysis-Forecasting System, Matthew Carrier, Hans E. Ngodock, Scott R. Smith, Innocent Souopgui, Brent Bartels

Faculty Publications

NASA's Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide observations of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) at a significantly higher spatial resolution than current satellite altimeters. This new observation type is expected to improve the ocean model mesoscale circulation. The potential improvement that SWOT will provide is investigated in this work by way of twin-data assimilation experiments using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model four-dimensional variational data assimilation (NCOM-4DVAR) system in its weak constraint formulation. Simulated SWOT observations are sampled from an ocean model run (referred to as the "nature" run) using an observation-simulator program …

Identification Of Arabidopsis Gpat9 (At5g60620) As An Essential Gene Involved In Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis, Jay Shockey, Anushobha Regmi, Kimberly Cotton, Neil Adhikari, John Bowse, Philip D. Bates

Faculty Publications

The first step in the biosynthesis of nearly all plant membrane phospholipids and storage triacylglycerols is catalyzed by a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). The requirement for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized GPAT for both of these critical metabolic pathways was recognized more than 60 years ago. However, identification of the gene(s) encoding this GPAT activity has remained elusive. Here, we present the results of a series of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) designed to assign this essential function to AtGPAT9. This gene has been highly conserved throughout evolution and is …

Elevation Promotes Long-Term Survival Of Pinus Elliottii Var. Densa, A Foundation Species Of The Endangered Pine Rockland Ecosystem In The Florida Keys, Grant L. Harley, Justin T. Maxwell, George T. Raber

Faculty Publications

The pine rockland community in southern Florida, which supports numerous state- and federally listed flora and fauna species, is considered endangered. Without its foundation species, Pinus elliottii var. densa, habitat and species diversity are lost to tropical hardwood hammock. Here, we investigate the landscape factors that contribute to the long-term persistence of pine rocklands on the 2 islands that contain the largest remaining habitat in the Florida Keys: Big Pine Key and No Name Key. Plot-level biophysical data and island-scale remotely sensed vegetation data were collected from pine rockland savannas and examined with multi-dimensional analysis. On both islands, vegetation …

No Reef Is An Island: Integrating Coral Reef Connectivity Data Into The Design Of Regional-Scale Marine Protected Area Networks, Steven R. Schill, George T. Raber, Jason J. Roberts, Eric A. Treml, Jorge Brenner, Patrick N. Halpin

Faculty Publications

We integrated coral reef connectivity data for the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico into a conservation decision-making framework for designing a regional scale marine protected area (MPA) network that provides insight into ecological and political contexts. We used an ocean circulation model and regional coral reef data to simulate eight spawning events from 2008–2011, applying a maximum 30-day pelagic larval duration and 20% mortality rate. Coral larval dispersal patterns were analyzed between coral reefs across jurisdictional marine zones to identify spatial relationships between larval sources and destinations within countries and territories across the region. We applied our results in Marxan, …

Cooling Atomic Gases With Disorder, Ehsan Khatami, Thereza Paiva, Shuxiang Yang, Valéry Rousseau, Mark Jarrell, Juana Moreno, Randall Hulet, Richard Scalettar

Faculty Publications

Cold atomic gases have proven capable of emulating a number of fundamental condensed matter phenomena including Bose-Einstein condensation, the Mott transition, Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov pairing, and the quantum Hall effect. Cooling to a low enough temperature to explore magnetism and exotic superconductivity in lattices of fermionic atoms remains a challenge. We propose a method to produce a low temperature gas by preparing it in a disordered potential and following a constant entropy trajectory to deliver the gas into a nondisordered state which exhibits these incompletely understood phases. We show, using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, that we can approach the Néel temperature of …

Supporting Data For The Characterization Of Pna-Dna Four-Way Junctions, Douglas Van Iverson Ii, Crystal C. Serrano, Ann Marie Brahan, Arik Shams, Filbert Totsingan, Anthony J. Bell Jr.

Faculty Publications

Holliday or DNA four-way junctions (4WJs) are cruciform/bent structures composed of four DNA duplexes. 4WJs are key intermediates in homologous genetic recombination and double-strand break repair. To investigate 4WJs in vitro, junctions are assembled using four asymmetric DNA strands. The presence of four asymmetric strands about the junction branch point eliminates branch migration, and effectively immobilizes the resulting 4WJ. The purpose of these experiments is to show that immobile 4WJs composed of DNA and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can be distinguished from contaminating labile nucleic acid structures. These data compare the electrophoretic mobility of hybrid PNA–DNA junctions vs. …

An Enantiodivergent Synthesis Of CΑ-Methyl Nipecotic Acid Analogues From δ-Lactam Derivatives Obtained Through A Highly Stereoselective Cyclization Strategy, Souvik Banerjee, Emily R. Vogel, Daniel Hinton, Michael Sterling, Douglas S. Masterson

Faculty Publications

A stereoselective and enantiodivergent strategy for the construction of δ-lactams is described. The strategy utilizes chiral malonic esters prepared from enantiomerically enriched mono esters of disubstituted malonic acid. A cyclization occurs with the selective displacement of a substituted benzyl alcohol as the leaving group. The resulting δ-lactams are then converted into nipecotic acid analogues using straightforward transformations. The resulting nipecotic acid analogues proved capable organocatalysts in Mannich reactions.