Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Chronopotentiometry Of Metals, Lana Sue Legrand

Honors Theses

For a long time now the general characteristics of potential-time curves in constant current electrolysis have been known and studied. In 1901 Sand derived his equation giving a relationship for the transition time, providing that the solution is unstirred and linear diffusion is the controlling factor.

Calcium Carbonate Determinations, James Phelan

Honors Theses

Calcium compounds are abundant in nature. The carbonate ion may exist in many varieties, such as aragonite and limestone. Of major importance in the following discussion, however, is calcite. Calcium carbonate may well be of animal origin, prime examples being sea shells, coral, and chalk. Dolomite, on the other hand, is a double carbonate of calcium and magnesium. Calcium in natural waters exists mainly as a bicarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2, which is temporary hardness, or as a sulfate, which is permanent hardness.

From determinations made periodically (every two weeks) since August 1966, a decrease has been found in the calcium content as …

Vectors: A Study Of Vector Analysis By H. B. Phillips, Robert Bray

Honors Theses

This paper solves several mathematics problems listed in Vector Analysis by H. B. Phillips.

The Toluene-Aluminum Chloride-Hydrogen Chloride Complex, William Spencer Cassedy

Honors Theses

It was the aim of the project to: 1- Develop analytical techniques to determine the relative amounts of the aluminum chloride, hydrogen chloride, and toluene in the dark liquid catalyst. 2 - Determine the change in the relative amounts of aluminum chloride, hydrogen chloride, and toluene with time as the addition of hydrogen chloride was discontinued and the reaction mixture was left standing, prot cted fro moisture by a drying tube.

Synthesis Of 2--Aryl--Tetrahydro--3--Methyl--4--H--1,3--Thiazine--4--One--1,1--Dioxides And Chloromrthylation Of P--Dichloro-Benzene, Robert Nye Downer

Honors Theses

Extensive background material and experimentation on the synthesis of 2--aryl--tetrahydro--3--methyl--4--H--1,3--thiazine--4--one--1,1--dioxides and chloromrthylation of p--dichloro-benzene.

Attempted Rearrangement Of N-Nitrosolactams, Richard Albert Dybas

Honors Theses

This research was concerned with the preparation and subsequent atempted rearrangement of 5,8-dimenthyl-N-nitrosohydrocarbostyril (I).

Quiet-Mercury-Pool Voltammetry Of Copper In Aluminum Alloys, Winfield Scott Bigelow

Honors Theses

Several workers have demonstrated the analytical usefulness of the quiet-mercury-pool. Voltammetry at the QMP possesses a considerable advantage in sensitivity over "ordinary" polarography. Its demonstrated potentialities have prompted this study into the possibility of developing a technique, based on the quiet pool, for the routine determination of copper in aluminum alloys.

Tellurium (Vi): Polarography And Polyol Complexes, Peter T. Kissinger

Honors Theses

In 1782 the element tellurium was discovered by Baron Franz Joseph Miller Von Reichenstein. Muller first isolated the element from Transylvanian gold ore (2). Klaproth verified this work and in 1978 proposed that the substance be called tellurium. The etymology of the work begins with the Latin noun tellus, meaning earth. Students of Roman mythology will recall the ancient deity, Tellus, goddess of marriage and fertility. The history of the discovery of tellurium is a particularly interesting one. Serious students of the element will enjoy reading the account given by Mary Eliva Weeks (3, 4, 5). Telluric acid is a …

Basicity As A Function Of Water Concentration In Mixed Solvent, Dimethysulfoxide-Water Solution, Philip Mauro French

Honors Theses

The pH and pOH functions of, respectively, acid and base are meaningful measures of the acidity of dilute—i.e. up to about one Molar—solitons. Outside this range however, they are almost useless, and the establishment of other measure of acidity is necessary. Unfortunately, the results were far from conclusive, and, if anything opposed to the hypothesis. It seems safe to conclude that the use of aldehydes as an indicator series is prohibited in solution containing DMSO. Too many such indicators are totally barred from usage by its strong absorption below 260 mμ. Even those which were available for study yielded completely …

Cyclooctatrieneium Dicarbonium Ion, Carl George Seefried Jr.

Honors Theses

The peculiar group of chemical molecules termed aromatic have had particular significance in all fields of chemistry because of the unusual reactions they undergo. These reactions occur because of the additional stabilization energy that these molecules possess. This stability arises from the arrangement of delocalized π - electrons in the molecules.

A Study Of Sodium Phenylsiliconate, John Henry Daane

Honors Theses

The application of modern silicone chemistry knowledge and new analytical techniques to the elucidation of the structure of the hitherto uncharacterized, crystalline salt, sodium phenysiliconate, has been achieved. This salt, produced in 1914 by J. A. Meads and F. S. Kipping,. had been left structurally uncharacterized. This thesis builds upon the early work by applying to the problem the recent knowledge developed by J. F. Brown, Jr., and coworkers at the General Electric Research Laboratory.

Derivatives of the salt were made and characterized by a variety of analytical techniques. The silanols produced by the acidification of the sodium phenylsiliconate are …

A Donor Function For Methanolic Sodium Methanolic Sodium Methoxide Solutions, Edgar William Knaub

Honors Theses

A directly measured donor function was determined in .1 to 5 molar methanolic sodium methoxide solutions at 25 degree celsius using three of the substituted benzaldehyde indicators that were used by MacGregor to develop a donor function for aqueous alkalide hydroxide solutions.

Platinized Asbestos As A Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst, Howard Irwin Zeliger

Honors Theses

Platinized asbestos electrocatalysts were prepared by a variety of procedures. These catalysts were incorporated into test electrodes which were electrochemically evaluated in hydrogen - oxygen ambient temperature fuel cells. Catalysts were further scrutinized by the measurement of their specific platinum surface areas, and by the examination of electron micrographs of the materials. Fabrication procedure and composition of platinized asbestos containing electrodes were optimized, and fuel cell performances of electrodes containing the test catalysts were compared with the specific platinum surface areas of the catalysts.

The Kolbe Electrolysis Of Benzoic Acid, David Perry Beiter

Honors Theses

The synthesis of diphenyl from benzoic acid was accomplished by the Kolbe electrolysis. The complete inhibition, as found in aqueous solvents, was thus overcome by using the non-aqueous solvents, was thus overcome by using the non-aqueous mixture of pyridine and diethylamine. However, the yield was not sufficient to warrant consideration of the Kolbe electrolysis as a synthetic method, until improvements are made. Suggestions were offered for the possible increase in the yield of diphenyl. Should reasonably high yields be achieved, the method could be applied to the synthesis of substituted diphenyls.

Rapid Quantitative Analysis Of Basic Amino Acids By Ion Exchange Resin Paper Chromatography, John Ennis Coutant

Honors Theses

In partition chromatography a solid is used to hold a film of liquid and the distribution of a substance is between the liquid phase and another immiscible liquid phase. Because most substances have slightly different distribution coefficient between two immiscible solvents, a series of successive extractions will cause a separation. This is the predominant factor in the paper chromatography. The paper itself is an inert support holding a stationary aqueous phase. As the immiscible solvent flows past an area containing the solute, by capillary flow, partition occurs. When the immiscible solvent reaches an area not containing any solute, partition again …

Electrophoretic Analysis Of The Interaction Of Adenosinetriphosphate With Actomyosin, William Gordon Hunt

Honors Theses

The phenomenon of muscular contraction has long been of particular interest to physiologists, biochemists and pharmacologists. Much work has been done in an effort to elucidate the chemical interactions and the mechanisms of converting chemical energy to mechanical work in muscle. The application of electrophoresis to biological problems evolved rapidly after Tiselius adapted the electrophoretic apparatus in 1937. The modern apparatus for free flowing moving boundary work with its low temperature bath, U-tubes with precision ground optical faces and the ingenious schlieren optical system constitutes a powerful method for molecular-level research.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis Of Benzimidazole, Frank Willmott Williams

Honors Theses

The original project was concerned with the determination of the product of the reaction of an alcohol and vanadium 8-hydroxyquinolae. Because of the low solubility of the vanadium compound, this project had to be abandoned. It was then decided to make a detailed NMR spectra study on a single compound.

A Study Of The Dichlorobis [1,10 Phenathroline] Complex Of Cobalt (Iii), John Orville Ruid

Honors Theses

One of the major fields of inorganic chemistry deals with complex ions or molecules and is called coordination chemistry. A complex ion is merely a central ion, usually a metal, surrounded by a cluster or atoms, ions, or molecules of another species, covalently bound to the central ion.The significance of these compounds can be sensed when one realizes that the hemoglobin of blood and the chlorophyll of the green of plants are both complex ions. Chlorophyll has.magnesium as a central ion while the central ion of hemoglobin is iron.

Aryl Pseudohypochlorites - Some Reactions With Lewis Acids, Frederick Charles Schwab

Honors Theses

Several aryl hypochlorites were prepared by the action of chlorine on the sodium salts of substituted phenols. Infrared and ultraviolet spectral data confirmed a rearrangement of the resulting hypochlorites into ortho and para quinoid forms

Frledel-Crafts reactions were carried out with the pseudohypochlorites with either benzene or benzene or anisole. Aluminum chloride was used as the catalyst. Analysts of these reactions showed two concurrent but distinctly different reactions taking place. In one case, the pseudohypochlorites acted as a source of chloronium ions, causing chlorination of the solvent and regenerating the original substituted phenol. In the other reaction, it appeared that …

The Development Of The Slide Rule, Robert Bray

Honors Theses

Although the slide rule has been used extensively in business, industry, and science only in recent years, it is not a modern invention. Since the slide rule is a mechanical device whereby the logarithms of numbers may be manipulated, the slide rule of today was made possible over three and one-half centuries ago by John Napier, Baron of Merchiston in Scotland. In 1594, Napier privately communicated his results to Tycho Brake, a Danish astronomer, but did not publicly announce his system of logarithms until 1614. Napier set forth his purpose.

The Memory Unit Of A Digital Computer, Bobby Ridgell

Honors Theses

Since the development of the first modern digital computer in August 1944, the digital computer has become one of the most essential machines of the modern day. According to Edmund Berkeley and Lawrence Wainwright it is one of the two events by which the twentieth century will be remembered. This development has also led to what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. That so much importance should be placed on one development is extraordinary, but the far reaching effects of the digital computer are also extraordinary.

Cleavage Of Organosiloxanes By Metal Halides, Alvin Joseph Alekna

Honors Theses

The aim of the present research is therefore to investigate the clevage of organosiloxanes by several metal halides that were omitted from consideration in previous experminetal work.

Studies Of Aryl Hypochlorites, Edwards Stengle Atwood

Honors Theses

Of all the reactions of the esters of hypohalous acids, those least documented are the reactions and characteristics of the phenolic esters. This includes the reactions of hypohalites in the presence of a strong Lewis acid, such as aluminum trichloride. Only one reaction has been published in which an organic hypohalite is reacted in the presence of a strong Lewis acid; this dealt with an alkyl hypochlorite. Berman and Lowy (1) reacted tertiary butyl hypochlorite with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride, reporting tertiary butylbenzene as the product.

A Study Of The Kolbe Electrolysis Using Mixed Mono-Ethyl Glutarate And Mono-Ethyl Malonate, Richard John Gilbert

Honors Theses

The study of electrolytic reactions of organic compounds was first attempted soon after the discovery of the electrolysis if water in 1800. These reactions were not used in synthesis until after 1847 when Kolbe discovered that aliphatic acids. The field has greatly increased since then, and it is now possible to carry out synthesis by electrolytic reduction, oxidation, cathodic coupling, anodic coupling, and substitution. It was the purpose of this work to attempt one mixed Kolbe reaction and analyze its products qualitatively not quantitatively. If time permitted, quantitative analysis would be attempted.

A Study Of Stable Ion-Pairs, James Carlton Garrison

Honors Theses

A study was made of the ion-pair that forms when the commercial surfactant, Ethoquad 18/25, is mixed with azo dyes such as methyl orange or methyl red. The study determined some of the physical characteristics of the ion-pair, and two attempts were made to determine the structure. Through a series of titrations it was found that the ion-pair is sensitive to pH and can be dissociated in strong acid solution. An attempt to determine the structure of the complex by infra-red analysis failed. The equilibrium constants for the Ethoquad and two different dyes were determined. On the basis of the …

A Polarographic Analysis Of The Tetracyanoaurate (Iii) And The Dicyanoaurate (I) Complexes, Richard Joseph Klimowski

Honors Theses

A method for determination of the dicyanoaurate and tetracyanoaurate complexes using polarography has been investigated. Whereas distinct wave forms (current-voltage plots) are obtainable, many interference problems exist. Previous work has been confirmed and new data added. Dicyanoaurate I (Au(CN)2) has been satisfactorily investigated and may be classified as a stable complex. Tetracyanoaurate III (Au(CN)4) has been investigated and must be classified as unstable. This a polarographic method of quantitative analysis for a simultaneous determination of these complexes seems remote.

The Cyclization Of A Diazoketone With Boron Trifluoride Etherate, Stephen Joseph Isser

Honors Theses

Normally, a diazoketone reacts with an acid to form a substituted methyl ketone. When a nucleophilic center is present at an α or β position of R, this reaction may lead to the formation of a cyclic ketone (11). It was the purpose of this research to investigate the cyclization of the aliphatic methoxydiazoketone, 1-diazo-4-methoxy-4-phenyl-2-butanone (I), when treated with BF3 in ether, to give the five-membered ring 5-phenyltetrahydrofuranone-3 (II).

The D O Acidity Function For Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solutions, James T. Macgregor

Honors Theses

The H o acidity function developed by Hammett and Deyrup is well known, and values for this function are established for solutions of various acids.

Studies Of The Reactions Of 1-Diazo-3-Methoxy-3-Phenyl-2-Propanone With Boron Trifluoride Etherate, Ross Grant Mackinnon

Honors Theses

Normally the reaction of diazo ketones wih acids yields straight chain-substituted ketones. The product can be a cyclic compound if within the diazo ketone there lies a nucleophilic center at the α or β position.

Photochemical Reactions Of Benzophenone And Cyclohexene, Michael I. Goldberg

Honors Theses

Aldehydes and ketones absorb weakly in the 290 mμ region of the ultraviolet spectrum, and also at 200 mμ (this wavelength region being analogous to that occurring in the spectra of olefinic compounds). This weak absorption band in the carbonyl absorption spectrum can be attributed to an n → π* transmission of a non-bonding electron on the oxygen atom to an anti-bonding π orbital in the multiple bond to give a singlet state. It is this absorption and consequent formation of an energized state which appears responsible for most of the photochemical transformation of saturated ketones in condensed (liquid) phases. …