Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Investigations Into The Synthesis Of Indazole, Albin Joseph Rzeszotarski

Honors Theses

These investigations were undertaken in order to prepare a suitable quantity of pure indazole for further research by other student. A secondary and equally important purpose of the work was to study the products of the reaction carried out and their relative abundance under varying conditions of pH. A suitable electronic mechanism for the reaction was to be proposed.

Indazole, at present, has no commercial applications, and is not produced (to the author's knowledge) by any large chemical concern. The interest in this compound is chiefly due to the several structural formulae which have been assigned to it and which …

Artificial Weathering Of Creosote With Water And Oxygen, Kenneth Curtis Heckler

Honors Theses

There are many experiments being carried on in the field of wood preservation partially because of the variations in the toxicity of many preservatives. The commercial interest is along the lines of expense, since some preservatives have not proven satisfactory because after a short period of time attack by fungus and insects has set in. This thesis is concerned chiefly with the effects of oxidation and leaching. These factors have been insufficiently investigated to produce conclusive evidence on their effects on the toxicity of creosote. Since the other components of air are thought to have little effect on the toxicity …

Test Results For A New Toximetric Method For Evaluating Wood Preservatives; Toxicity Of Vacuum Rectified Fractions Of Coal-Tar Creosote, Clayton Edward Hathaway

Honors Theses

“Wood preservation – The art of protecting timber against the action of destructive agents. Usually refers to the treatment of wood with chemical substances (preservatives) which reduce its susceptibility to deterioration by fungi, insects, or marine borers. (2) This is the definition proposed for adoption at the forty-third annual meeting of the American Wood-Preserver’s Association in April, 1950. The work in this project was performed to accomplish a two-fold purpose: 1. Determine the inhibitive action of alcohols and amines using a new method of preparing the poisoned malt-agar medium and defining inhibition point. 2. Check the results obtained from this …

A Modified Agar Test Method For Wood Preservatives, Robert Earl Hayes

Honors Theses

The principal criteria for a good wood preservative involves the following considerations 1. The preservative must be sufficiently toxic to curb the action of the wood rotting fungi and wood attacking insects 2. The preservative must not attack wood 3. The preservative must not undergo a chemical or physical change brought upon by contact with the wood cells so as to render the chemical agent non-toxic or less toxic 4. The preservative must not be a substance which will attack metals 5. The preservative must be of such a nature as to make it easily injected into wood 6. The …

A Modified Agar Test Method For Wood Preservatives, Robert Earl Hayes

Honors Theses

There are two possible methods by which wood could be protected from the attack of saprophytic fungus growth. Either the conditions can be so controlled as to be unfavorable for the growth of the attacking organism, or the wood can be permeated with a poisonous substance which will in some way disrupt the vital processes of the fungus. It is the obvious that the first suggested preventative would not at all be practical due to the wide geographical range over which wood is used and to the various types of weather conditions to which it may be subjected. Consequently, the …

The Effect Of Added Substances On The Volume Change Of Cement, Owen Eugene Brown

Honors Theses

There are many substances which effect the volume change of cement during setting, but the lack of time has limited the number and kind of substances used during this research. The effect of salts, or electrolytes, is shown, varying not only the valence of the cation, but also the valence of the anion. A relatively small portion of the existing salts was employed in this work, but they were so chosen as to give a complete picture of their effect on the volume change of cement.

Inhibition Of The Thermal Polymerization Of Styrene, Lester Allan Cohen

Honors Theses

The purpose of this work is to study the rate of reaction and mechanism of various inhibitors in the thermal, uncatalyzed polymerization of styrene. Other attempts have been made to study the inhibitory process, the most recent making use of a dilatometer to measure volume changes during the course of polymerization. However, this method, and others, represents indirect means of study. The spectrophotometric method of study presented here, offers a simple and direct method for determining the rate of disappearance of an inhibitor in the inhibition process, and also affords a method calculating the rate constants for the initiation stage …

The Correlation Of The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra Of Benzotriazole With Its Molecular Structure, John Edward Fagel Jr.

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to derive, on a theoretical basis, a correlation between the ultraviolet absorption spectra and the molecular structure of benzotriazole. The ultraviolet spectra of buffered aqueous solutions of benzotriazole at numerous pH values from strong acid to strong base have been determined with a Model DU Beckman Spectrophotometer, and an attempt has been made to correlate these spectra with the molecular structure of the compound. As a check on the validity of the theory proposed in correlating the absorption spectra with the molecular structure, the spectra of a 5, (6) – chlorobenzotriazole have been determined …

Study Of The Hofmann Reaction Between Sodium Hypochlorite And Succinamide. Preparation Of Isopropylidene Bis-Phenylen Oxydiacetic Acid. Preparation Of Polyamides, Frederick E. Heinemann

Honors Theses

In the Hofmann reaction between succinamide and potassium hypobromite, small yields of dihydrouracil have been obtained. From the reaction of succinamide and sodium hypochlorite it was hoped that larger yields of the dihydrouracil could be obtained and through spectrophotometry identify the compound further.

Preparation Of 2, 4-Dichloro-Α-Chlorostyrene, Walter A. Neumann

Honors Theses

Styrene and various substituted styrenes have found wide application in the formation of polymers and copolymers, such as synthetic rubbers. Substituted styrenes have been investigated in attempts to develop polymers with special physical properties, a high dielectric constant for an example. α-methylstyrenes have been successfully copolymerized by Bachman and Finholt while α-chlorostyrene seems unreactive toward polymerizing agents.

Iodine Monochloride Investigations, Julian Richard Mayer

Honors Theses

The purpose of the research was to investigate the reactions of iodine monochloride with non-aromatic and aromatic compounds. The role which this reagent plays in these reactions, the use of various catalysts, and the products obtained were to be studied. It was the immediate object of these investigations to attempt a synthesis of cyclohenzyl iodine directly from cyclohezene using iodine monochloride as the iodinating agent. In studying the non-aromatic compounds in this project, cyclohexene was chosen since it is readily available and yields a single product upon mono-substitution. The major portion of this thesis is concerned with the reaction which …

Collodial Behavior Of "Ludox" Silica Sol, Ralph Herbert Petrucci

Honors Theses

The preliminary nature of this present study of Ludox should open up many avenues of approach to future workers in this field and we shall try in some of the following sections to suggest future work.

Colorimetric Analysis Of Thallium, Arthur Dodd Snyder Jr.

Honors Theses

The work represented by this paper was performed as a continuation of the research done by Leo P. Richards. Very little literature can be found concerning the colorimetry of thallium. Therefore this thesis will deal with an attempt to develop a colormetric analysis for thallium.

Methylchlorosilanes, Donald Edward Campbell

Honors Theses

The primary objective of this investigation was to prepare and improve the separation of the mono and di-methyl substituted chlorosilanes by fractional distillation.

The Preparation And Attempted Polymerization Of Beta-Chlorostyrenes, Curtis Usher Coleman

Honors Theses

The polymerization of unsubstituted styrenes had been studied by a number of worker, among them Wheland (11), Stoermer and Kootz (9), and Ziegler and Bahr (13), but none of these workers have studied the effect of halogen substitution on the side chain. This has been studied by Worrall (12), and he concluded that such substitution blocked polymerization. It was the purpose of the present work to prepare α-chlorostyrene, and to carry the work of Worrall a step further by seeking some reagent which would bring about the polymerization of α-chlorostyrene. A further purpose was to prepare a new α-chlorostyrene, determine …

Some Colloidal Aspects Of Portland Cement, Eugene D. Day

Honors Theses

Excellent general discussions of the earlier literature concerning the rival crystallization and colloid theories as applied to the setting and hardening of Portland cement are found in Bogue (4, 5), Kuhl (21), and Lea and Desch (24). These authors, along with Steinour (41), have tried to resolve these apparently conflicting hypotheses in the light of more recent investigations and have clearly outlined those areas of conflict which need further clarification through continued research. Recent work by Hedin (16) has shown that when ion concentrations and ion activities in solution are changed by the addition, for example, of gypsum, a sufficiently …

The Measurement Of Dipole Moments, Anthony Martin Di Cocco

Honors Theses

It is the purpose of this thesis to present an outline or the determination of dipole moments according to the Heterodyne-Beat method, as a laboratory exercise in Physical Chemistry.

Kinetics Of Displacement Reactions Which Result In A Retention Of Configuration, Victor Frank Mattson

Honors Theses

Depending upon the halogenating agent and the reaction conditions d-ethyl medelate may form either d - or 1-ethyl phenylchloroacetate. Situations of this type are common and have proven to be an interesting and a productive field for investigation into the mechanisms of organic substitution reactions. The inversion reaction (Walden Inversion) appears to be the more typical of the two and is also the more readily explained. A and B ions have a repulsive effect upon each other and classical theory would demand that the ion B enter the molecule on the side opposite A. This displacement would of necessity result …

Synthesis Of Methyl Chlorsilanes, Arthur E. Lessor Jr.

Honors Theses

The reaction of methyl magnesium chloride and methyl magnesium iodine with silicohloroform gave a mixture of methyl dichlorsilane, dimethyl chlorsilane, trimehtyl silane, and an unfientified high boiling liquid which gave no chlorine on analysis.

Viscosity-Temperature Relations Of Naphthalene In Benzene, Leighton Hartwell Peebles Jr.

Honors Theses

A study was made of multi-benzene ring compounds dissolved in benzene in order to discover any relationship between viscosity, density, and temperature. However, as there was insufficient time, only solutions of naphthalene dissolved in benzene were studied.

Taurine, George William Schnabel

Honors Theses

This thesis is a primary investigation into a new synthesis of taurine. The sulfite of ethylene glycol is reacted with ammonium hydroxide to produce taurine.

The Determination Of Particle Terminal And Transport Velocities, Bertram C. Raynes

Honors Theses

The movement of finely divided material in chemical process equipment is becoming the object of much present-day study. In industrial practice, the ability to predict the behavior of small bodies moving through a fluid medium or being moved by a fluid medium must be based upon data relating to physical properties of both the particle and the fluid; these physical properties should be those which can be readily determined.

A particle falling through a fluid medium will achieve a steady state velocity if it is allowed to fall until its acceleration becomes zero. This steady state rate of fall is …

The Effect Of Heat Aging Upon Silicone Rubber Compounds, Jonathan Rodney Learn

Honors Theses

Silicone rubber compounds are high temperature rubber-like materials consisting of silicone gum, a filler, and a curing catalyst. The filler is added to the rubber to give good molding properties and also good tensile strength and elongation. The data in this thesis shows that the compounds which had the best heat aging properties consisted of 100 parts of silicone rubber and 0.5 parts of' benzoyl peroxide as the curing catalyst, with titanium dioxide as the filler.

The Catalytic Vapor Phase Alkylation Of Phenol By Alcohols, Robert Lemieux

Honors Theses

The object of this research is to study the reactions between phenol and various alcohols, using an activated alumina catalyst, at a temperature of 325 degrees Celsius. The alcohols, which are studied, are methyl, ethyl, and benzyl alcohol, respectively.

The Ionization Of Silicic Acid, Robert E. Carpenter

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to gain further knowledge of the ionization of silicic acid.

A Study Of The Replacement Of The Aryl Amino Group By Hydrogen Using Isopropyl Nitrite, Frederick B. Budnik

Honors Theses

The use of the amino group as a directing agent in the synthesis of many aryl compounds is a well known and often used process. Therefore a simple and efficient method of removing the amino group after it has served its purpose is to be desired. The purpose of this work has been to investigate the possibilitiy of deaminating using dilute solutions and isopropyl nitrite as a diazotizing agent. The method of reacting as well as the use of different reactants was studied.

Relative Rates Of Thionyl Chloride - N-Butyl Alcohol Reactions, Paul F. Silva

Honors Theses

The ratio of rate constants for the two step reaction between thionyl chloride and n-butyl alcohol has been studied and determined to be of the order of eleven; one for K2/K, and the second rate over the first.

A Study Of Silica-Alumina Gels, Howard W. Bishop

Honors Theses

The general purpose of this investigation has been to obtain data concerning the preparation of and the time of set of a silica-alumina gel. Much work has been done here at Union College in studying the effects of temperature, hydrogen-ion concentration, presence and concentration of certain impurities, and other factors upon the time of set of a silica gel mixture. In these experiments, we used a silica gel mixture whose concentration of silica was the same as that used in these previous experiments, but we mixed with it enough alumina to form a final silica-alumina gel mixture whose mol ratio …

The Alkylation Of Dimethylaniline With Ethylene Glycol Sulfite, John R. Draves

Honors Theses

The alkylation of ter.-amines with alkylchlorosulfinates and alkylsulfites has been of interest in producing various betaine salts. Most of the work reported in the literature had been with ter.-aliphatic amines, amino acids, pyridine, straight-chain sulfites, and chlorosulfinates. No work has been reported on the alkylation of ter.-aromatic amines with cyclic sulfites and the betaine salts produced. The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and characterize the betaine salt produced by the alkylation of a ter.-aromatic amine with a cyclic sulfite. The reaction chosen was that between dimethylaniline and ethylene glycol sulfite.

A Study Of The Condensation Of Chloroform And Acetophenone, Alfred Lewis

Honors Theses

Condensation products of ketones and aldehydes have been known and studied for some time with both aromatic and aliphatic compounds.