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- Simulation (131)
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Articles 1651 - 1680 of 3382
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Design And Motion Control Of Four-Wheel Automotive Chassis Inspection Robot, Jue Zhu, Yongbin Huang, Zhang He
Design And Motion Control Of Four-Wheel Automotive Chassis Inspection Robot, Jue Zhu, Yongbin Huang, Zhang He
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The system structure of an automobile chassis inspection robot was introduced. Furthermore the equation of motion state of robot was established and a decoupling controller was designed. The robot with omnidirectional wheel moving mechanism achieved the chassis image acquisition with wireless camera system and employed the active disturbance rejection controller for motion control. The robot has the characters of wide applicability, flexibility of platform movement, the stability of motion state, which can effectively compensate for the lack of traditional inspection methods, and a reasonable design in automobile chassis inspection is proved. The motion equation of state established for omnidirectional …
Experiment Platform For Pure Electric Vehicles And Bi-Directional Power Conversion, Shaojian Song, Qingfang Lin, Xiaofeng Lin
Experiment Platform For Pure Electric Vehicles And Bi-Directional Power Conversion, Shaojian Song, Qingfang Lin, Xiaofeng Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: As the energy consumption and environmental pollution brought by traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, the experimental platform for pure electric vehicle research is scarce, and most of the research uses virtual vehicle simulation software, which is difficult to accurately reflect the real vehicle system. An experiment platform for LiFePO4 Battery pack (the main energy source) and ultra-capacitor (the auxiliary energy source) hybrid pure electric vehicles and bi-directional power conversion was introduced. The test results show that the introduced experimental platform can be performance test for the key components of pure electric vehicle and energy management, running under …
Study On Operation Mechanism Of Mixed Closed Loop Transportation Network With Exponential Queues, Li Bing, Xuan Hua, Li Jing
Study On Operation Mechanism Of Mixed Closed Loop Transportation Network With Exponential Queues, Li Bing, Xuan Hua, Li Jing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Mixed transport queuing network is composed of single route station road and multiple route station as parallel and series form. Two random variables to denote respectively time interval of vehicle arriving freight station and the service time of these handling platforms in freight station obeyed negative exponential distribution. The closed mixed transportation queuing network was simulated using SimEvents module in Matlab software. The dynamic changes of the queue length and waiting time in freight station were analyzed. Then vehicle distribution in mixed closed loop transportation network was analyzed. The formulation to compute vehicle distribution probability in steady state was …
Modeling Research On Dynamic Pressure Distribution Of Pilot Body In Maneuver Flight, Liu Gang, Yunpu Wang, Hongwei Chi, Hongyin Yuan
Modeling Research On Dynamic Pressure Distribution Of Pilot Body In Maneuver Flight, Liu Gang, Yunpu Wang, Hongwei Chi, Hongyin Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Relationship between dynamic surface forces distribution of pilot body and flight load in maneuver flight was studied. Dynamic surface pressure and shear distribution of pilot body seated posture were expressed by setting up dynamic pressure factor and dynamic shear factor. Flight kinetic equations of pilot body seated posture were established. In the equations, relationship between pilot body inertia forces and dynamic surface forces were given, and the equations are square nonlinear for dynamic pressure factor and shear factor. Finally an example for climbing turn maneuver flight of some aircraft was done, dynamic surface forces distribution of pilot …
Numerical Simulation Of Hot And Cold Fluids Mixing In A Tee-Junction, Wenli Wei, Yunfei Hong, Shipeng Shao, Yuling Liu
Numerical Simulation Of Hot And Cold Fluids Mixing In A Tee-Junction, Wenli Wei, Yunfei Hong, Shipeng Shao, Yuling Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Flow and heat transfer model in tee junction was established and the 3D RNG k-ε turbulence model was completed to simulate the process of mixing and capture the information of velocity and temperature. The simulation results and measured data of the mean value of velocity and temperature were analyzed and compared, and are in a good agreement, which indicates that the RNG k-ε model combined with the heat transfer model can well simulate the hydraulic characteristics and heat transfer mechanism of hot and cold fluids in a tee junction. Furthermore, the upstream segment of a tee junction has two …
Intelligent Detecting For Infrared Aerial Small Target Based On Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform, Liu Gang, Xingyuan Xu, Zhou Heng, Xitao Zhang
Intelligent Detecting For Infrared Aerial Small Target Based On Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform, Liu Gang, Xingyuan Xu, Zhou Heng, Xitao Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of infrared aerospace small target's detecting under complex background, an intelligent algorithm was proposed based on the non-subsampled contourlet transform and BP neutral network. By using the morphologic top-hat transform which had adaptive structural element, some infrared background was suppressed. By defining the center vector of subband coefficients, the proposed method constructed the synthetical image at high frequency and suppressed the complex background further. Subsequently, taking pixel's gray level, horizontal gradient, vertical gradient, diagonal gradient, neighbour mean and neighbour variance as input character vector, a BP neutral network which had three layers was constructed by …
Parameter Optimization On Coordinated Control System Of Thermal Power Units In High Rate Variable Load Operation Mode, Tian Liang, Liu Fang, Xinping Liu, Jizhen Liu
Parameter Optimization On Coordinated Control System Of Thermal Power Units In High Rate Variable Load Operation Mode, Tian Liang, Liu Fang, Xinping Liu, Jizhen Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The frequent fluctuations and rapid change of power grid generating load instruction cause the deterioration of control quality of generating load and throttle pressure in thermal power units. To solve this problem, a trial and error method, the parameters adjustment range of which could be quantified, was proposed. Based on the model of controlled object, the initial value of controller parameters were set conservatively. By calculating the difference between current value and the target value of load change rate, the optimization times were determined, the PID controller parameters optimization method of coordinated control system was studied, and the effectiveness …
Adaptive Multichannel Double L-Shaped Microphone Array Sound Source Localization Algorithm, Yecai Guo, Sainan Zhu, Zhang Ning
Adaptive Multichannel Double L-Shaped Microphone Array Sound Source Localization Algorithm, Yecai Guo, Sainan Zhu, Zhang Ning
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the lack of ability to resist noise and reverberation and the location estimation low accuracy for the sound source localization method based on microphone array in the indoor sound environments, a sound source localization algorithm based on adaptive multichannel double L-shaped microphone array was proposed. In this proposed algorithm, normalized multichannel frequency-domain least mean square algorithm was used to estimate the impulse responses of different array elements and acquire the time delay under condition of the single source and multiple reverberation model, the spectrum energy was modified by penalty function to improve the ability to suppress noise …
Sliding Parameters Calculation Of Agricultural Tracked Robot Based On Ukf And Smo, Jiao Jun, Kong Wen, Lichuan Gu, Wang Qiang, Ya Gao, Chenchen Yuan
Sliding Parameters Calculation Of Agricultural Tracked Robot Based On Ukf And Smo, Jiao Jun, Kong Wen, Lichuan Gu, Wang Qiang, Ya Gao, Chenchen Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to make ensure an Agricultural Tracked Robot (ATR) stable driving in farmland and reduce the slip phenomenon parameters, a novel sliding parameters estimation scheme of ATR based on UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter) and SMO (Sliding Mode Observer) was proposed. The motion equation and measurement equation of ATR were fused by UKF to compensate the measurement error from sensors and to reconstruct the precision pose parameters of ATR. Three slip parameter observers were designed for the sideslip angle, left and right track slip rate, which used the tangent function was used as the switching function to cover chattering …
Situation Assessment Method For Cooperative Air Combat Based On Dynamic Combat Power Field, Zhanwu Li, Yizhe Chang, Haiyan Yang, Yingxin Kou, Xu An
Situation Assessment Method For Cooperative Air Combat Based On Dynamic Combat Power Field, Zhanwu Li, Yizhe Chang, Haiyan Yang, Yingxin Kou, Xu An
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering on the remaining problem in current situation assessment of Beyond-Visual-Range cooperative air combat, such as isolation of static/dynamic state superiority, the concept of combat power field was applied in situation assessment of Beyond-Visual-Range cooperative air combat. Coupled with characteristics of cooperative air combat, the model of combat power field was constructed by aspects of attack, communication, detection, maneuverability, electronic countermeasure and cooperation and alert. The method was verified by the simulation. The result shows the method has advantages of integrity, visualization and continuity compared with former situation assessment methods, and is also able to improve the quality and …
Estimation Of Contamination Source By Using Qpso With Perturbation Operator, Tian Na, Zhicheng Ji
Estimation Of Contamination Source By Using Qpso With Perturbation Operator, Tian Na, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) with perturbation operator was proposed and applied to solve the convection-diffusion inverse problem of estimating time-varying contamination source. Because the contamination source is time-dependent, the inverse problems are classified into function estimation problem. To transform the inverse problem to optimization problem, the nonlinear least square method was used. Meanwhile, Tikhonov regularization was used to stablize the solution with noisy measured data. And the regularization parameter was chosen by L-curve method. The simulation results tell that QPSO with perturbation operator outperforms QPSO and PSO. Moreover, tests over different views (regularization terms, noise level, …
Implementation And Application Of Coordinate Stretched Pml Under Two-Dimensional Cylindrical Coordinate, Anshi Zhu, Zili Chen, Yang Yong, Yunhui Zhen
Implementation And Application Of Coordinate Stretched Pml Under Two-Dimensional Cylindrical Coordinate, Anshi Zhu, Zili Chen, Yang Yong, Yunhui Zhen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the numerical calculation of electromagnetic field under cylindrical coordinate, the conventional split field absorbing boundary is no longer applicable. The coordinate stretched perfectly matched layers (CS-PML) were applied in the two-dimensional stretched cylindrical coordinate system. The updating equations of Maxwell curl equations in CS-PML were derived by using auxiliary equation method. The simulation results show that theoretical derivation is correct. The reflection coefficient of CS-PML is less than -30 dB, and it is able to meet the precision demand of numerical calculation. Besides, the CS-PML was adopted to investigate the radiation characteristic of the …
Chaos Analysis For Tcp Congestion Control In Heterogeneous Networks, Xuhui Wei, Wang Hui
Chaos Analysis For Tcp Congestion Control In Heterogeneous Networks, Xuhui Wei, Wang Hui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to study the chaos nature of TCP in Heterogeneous Network, the major features were demonstrated such as periodicity, sensitivity to initial conditions (butterfly effect), and strange attractor of chaotic system by analyzing parameters in Heterogeneous Network proving that TCP shows chaos nature in Heterogeneous Network in certain situations. Numerical examples show that in the case of system with low bottleneck link, the system shows fine periodic and stable behavior, and there is no TCP deadlock phenomenon in the heterogeneous network system. In the case of system with larger bottleneck link, the system shows chaotic. And a …
Risk Analysis Of Passenger Car Moving On Curved Sections Based On Sideslip Microscopic Simulation, Zhang Chi, Dongjian Shao, Zhang Min
Risk Analysis Of Passenger Car Moving On Curved Sections Based On Sideslip Microscopic Simulation, Zhang Chi, Dongjian Shao, Zhang Min
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In consideration of rainfall and over-speeding, the risk of passenger car moving on curved sections was analyzed synthetically. The simulation model of the dynamic characteristic of passenger car was established using Carsim, the critical adhesion coefficient was used as the evaluation index of passenger car moving risk, and the evaluation model of passenger car moving on curved sections was established using Matlab. The results show that under the situation of design speed 80km/h, when driving speed exceeds 96km/h, the risk probability of passenger car moving on rainfall curved sections exceeds 48.40%; when the rainfall intensity is bigger than …
Review On Modeling And Simulation Of Critical Infrastructures, Baoliang Xiao, Mingzhi Zhang, Xiaoyuan He
Review On Modeling And Simulation Of Critical Infrastructures, Baoliang Xiao, Mingzhi Zhang, Xiaoyuan He
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Economic prosperity, national security and society well-being have long depended on the important services that some critical infrastructures are provided. The safety of the critical infrastructures is vital for the normal operation of the country. On the basis of research on the connotation of critical infrastructure to different nation in different historical period, the definition, classification and model of interdependencies among critical infrastructures were analyzed. The principal modeling and simulation techniques of critical infrastructure and their merits and drawbacks were summarized. The significant protection projection s and tools were analyzed and researched. Depending on all above studies, knowing …
Study On Theory Of Scale Model Simulation Of Light Wave-Microwave System On Inequality Electrical Length Conditions, He Jing, Miao Qiang, Qifan Zhao
Study On Theory Of Scale Model Simulation Of Light Wave-Microwave System On Inequality Electrical Length Conditions, He Jing, Miao Qiang, Qifan Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Light wave model measurement microwave system at big scale factor on inequality electrical length conditions was proposed. The analysis idea of such model measurement was put forward. The feasibility of simulating electromagnetic scattering at microwave band using optic wave was discussed from the angle of physical similitude and technological feasibility. Then according to this idea, the similitude relationship and conditions in the application such as RCS measurement and multipath effect measurement were analyzed in detail on inequality electrical length conditions model measurement. The research result offers a new research approach in the field of large scale electromagnetic system simulation.
Compressed-Sensing Based Up-Sampling Method For Fluid Simulation, Yijing Qian, Xubo Yang
Compressed-Sensing Based Up-Sampling Method For Fluid Simulation, Yijing Qian, Xubo Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In computer fluid animation, the grid-based Euler method is a well-matured and effective way of simulating fluids, but a key bottleneck of Euler method is that it is limited to the traditional Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem in sampling step. So it cannot effectively reduce the massive data and computing of the large-scale flow fields. In order to solve this problem, compressed sensing theory was used to probe a way to break through the limitation of the sampling theorem in fluid simulation. The sparsity and compressibility of fluid data were explored, then applicable sampling function, compressive basis and reconstruction algorithm for …
Research On Fault Diagnosis For Pitch Sensors Of Wind Turbines, Yanjie Zhai, Dinghui Wu, Yiyang Li, Zhicheng Ji
Research On Fault Diagnosis For Pitch Sensors Of Wind Turbines, Yanjie Zhai, Dinghui Wu, Yiyang Li, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering the biased output fault of pitch sensors for wind turbines, a fault diagnosis method based on the multi-innovation kalman filter algorithm was proposed. The corresponding relationship between the change of the pitch angle and the tiny displacement produced by the force acting on the tower was established according to the mechanical structure characteristics of wind turbines. More accurate estimated value for the tiny displacement was achieved by using the multi-innovation kalman filter algorithm which had higher convergence speed and estimation accuracy to reduce the large noise of the output information generated by sensors. The fault could be detected …
Research On Optimizing Lot Sizing Of Job Shop Based On Em_Plant, Xiaobing Pei, Linlin Tan
Research On Optimizing Lot Sizing Of Job Shop Based On Em_Plant, Xiaobing Pei, Linlin Tan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering maximizing the rate of account and choosing production process time as the optimization objectives to solve the lot sizing optimization problems of job shop, the model about production time under ideal conditions was established, and accordingly the formula of solving theoretical optimal lot sizing was derived. To compensate for the limitations of mathematical modeling and improve the feasibility of the optimal solution, the actual manufacturing operations in job shop was simulated and optimized according to production batch simulation optimization strategy by eM_plant software. By running the simulation model the theoretical optimal solution was amended, to make optimal …
Research On Methods For Transformation Of Declarative Model For Semi-Physical Simulation, Weijian Huang, Jianwan Ding, Liping Chen, Zhaoyuan Zhou
Research On Methods For Transformation Of Declarative Model For Semi-Physical Simulation, Weijian Huang, Jianwan Ding, Liping Chen, Zhaoyuan Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A new method for the transformation from the declarative model to the model for semi-physical simulation was proposed aiming at semi-physical simulation. By analyzing the mathematical form of the declarative model and the model for semi-physical simulation, based on bipartite graph, the mathematical form of declarative model to the mathematical form of the model for semi-physical simulation was transformed through decomposition based on bipartite graph and tearing the algebraic loop, using clutch model as the model transformation examples. The declarative model transforming idea has overcome the disadvantages of process modeling method such as considering the causality, difficult …
Numerical Simulation About Fuel Injection Source Location Impacting On Turbulent Combustion Process, Sun Hui, Guangcheng Cai, Jiang Lin, Shibo Wang
Numerical Simulation About Fuel Injection Source Location Impacting On Turbulent Combustion Process, Sun Hui, Guangcheng Cai, Jiang Lin, Shibo Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Fuel injection source location has very important influence on combustion process. It determines the location of the furnace flame. The three dimensional model of the furnace was established by the numerical simulation method. Under different conditions, the fuel injection source location on the temperature field within the furnace, the pollutant concentration field, and the flow field distribution inside the furnace combustion process were investigated. The results were compared and analyzed. After analysis, the results show that the fuel injection source location from 1.1 ~ 1.5 meter process of change, the average temperature within the furnace continue to rise, the …
Design And Implementation Of Quantum-Inspired Bee Colony Algorithm, Shuyun Yang, Panchi Li
Design And Implementation Of Quantum-Inspired Bee Colony Algorithm, Shuyun Yang, Panchi Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To enhance the performance of artificial bee colony algorithm, a quantum-inspired bee colony algorithm was proposed. In the proposed approach, the bees were encoded with the qubits described on the Bloch sphere. The evolutionary search was achieved by rotating the qubit about the rotation axis on the Bloch sphere. The Bloch coordinates of qubit can be obtained by measuring with the Pauli matrices, and the optimization solutions can be presented through the solution space transformation. The highlight advantages of this method are the ability to simultaneously adjust two parameters of a qubit and automatically achieve the best match between …
Finite Element Simulation Of Machining 7075 Aluminum Alloy Based On Advantedge And Corresponding Experimental Study, Yusong Liao, Han Jiang
Finite Element Simulation Of Machining 7075 Aluminum Alloy Based On Advantedge And Corresponding Experimental Study, Yusong Liao, Han Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Abstract: The finite element simulation of cutting 7050 aluminum alloy was carried out based on the software of AdvantEdge, and Johnson-Cook constitutive model was chosen for the workpiece material in the model. The parameters for the constitutive model were obtained through the Hopkinson experiment. The cutting forces and surface qualities were observed through different cutting velocities and cutting depths. The cutting velocity and cutting depth were optimized, and the experiment was carried out with the guidance of the simulation results. The machined workpiece obtained from the experiment shows that the optimized cutting parameters can improve the machined surface property …
Image Saliency Analysis Based On Grey Relational Computation And Prior Combination, Qiangqiang Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Weidong Zhao, Yufei Chen, Wang Gang
Image Saliency Analysis Based On Grey Relational Computation And Prior Combination, Qiangqiang Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Weidong Zhao, Yufei Chen, Wang Gang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An image saliency analysis method based on the combination of grey relational computation and prior knowledge, which is a saliency computation and integration based on three different priori of boundary background, global color distribution and top salient information. The SLIC method segment the image into superpixels, then selecting the boundary superpixels on four image sides respectively to construct the reference sequence, and the same method used to construct the comparative sequence of the rest superpixels. Then four initial saliency images was derived based on boundary background priori through a grey relational computation, to make weighted and …
Improved Crack Removing Algorithm For Quad-Tree Terrain Rendering, Wan Ming, Liang Xia, Fengming Zhang
Improved Crack Removing Algorithm For Quad-Tree Terrain Rendering, Wan Ming, Liang Xia, Fengming Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In 3D large scale multi-resolution terrain rendering, an improved algorithm based on LOD control and visibility for crack removing was proposed. It is proved that quad-tree grid is restricted while the ratio of visible distance to grid extent is large than 3. In preprocess stage, cracks were classified to raise crack and dropped crack, and crack patches with the same size as cracks were generated and attached to the latter. In real-time rendering stage, no special calculation by CPU for restriction of level of detail or for crack removing between adjacent grids was needed. Example shows that …
Research On Section Optimization Of Water Quality Monitoring Based On Comprehensive Hierarchical Clustering, Xiaofeng Lian, Peng Sen, Xiaoyi Wang, Zaiwen Liu
Research On Section Optimization Of Water Quality Monitoring Based On Comprehensive Hierarchical Clustering, Xiaofeng Lian, Peng Sen, Xiaoyi Wang, Zaiwen Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to optimize the layout of water quality monitoring section of river, lake and reservoir effectively, a new method for water quality monitoring section optimization was proposed based on comprehensive hierarchical clustering (CHC). A normalized matrix was constructed according to the original monitoring data of water quality. The method calculated the similarity to obtain the affinity-disaffinity relationship among the monitoring variables by 5 different distance algorithms, and then clustered the data set automatically by 4 different connection algorithms. Moreover, taking the correlation coefficient as the evaluation criteria, optimal hierarchical clustering algorithm was selected. With the generation …
Perception Factors Analysis Of Command Information Process Based On System Dynamics, Pubing Shen, Gao Kai, Weiwei Zhao
Perception Factors Analysis Of Command Information Process Based On System Dynamics, Pubing Shen, Gao Kai, Weiwei Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The major aspects of operational command processes were investigated and the key factors that influenced the operation process were analyzed. The confront model of command information process was constructed based on Information Age Combat Model (IACM) by the system dynamics theory and modeling methods. Through the experiment, major factors of perceptual element in the model were simulated and statistically analyzed. An inverse linear relationship of attack forces in both sides was found to be existed. These were verified by the experiment and combat capacity could be improved by increasing the number of perception nodes and rate of information collection …
Dynamic Simulation And Test Of Mountain Orchard Double-Track Transport Traction System, Yuping Ouyang, Tiansheng Hong, Yudong Ma
Dynamic Simulation And Test Of Mountain Orchard Double-Track Transport Traction System, Yuping Ouyang, Tiansheng Hong, Yudong Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: After the traction system virtual prototype model of mountain orchard transport was established, virtual simulation test was done to get the force of wire rope and the dynamic characteristics. Compared with trapezoidal velocity, under S type velocity curve, vehicle vibration amplitude was decreased obviously in each stage, average maximum force and average force of four key points was respectively decreased by 9.2% and 12.7%. Average relative error between kinetic parameters calculation and simulation values was 4.8%. Average relative error between test and simulation values was 4.02 %. This research results have provided a simulation platform and reference to whole …
Cqpso Algorithm Based Control System Parameter Optimization, Genyuan Wei, Xinqiang Feng, Han Pu
Cqpso Algorithm Based Control System Parameter Optimization, Genyuan Wei, Xinqiang Feng, Han Pu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the shortcomings of optimization methods of control system parameters, and the result of PSO algorithm usually falling into the partial optimum, Chaos Search and Quantum Space Search were added to the PSO algorithm, constituting the Chaos Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, which was applied to the typical thermal control system parameters optimization. Introducing the selection of object functions of control system parameter optimization, describing the CQPSO algorithm process, the CQPSO algorithm was tested and analyzed through multiple test functions. The result shows that, compared with PSO and CPSO algorithm, CQPSO algorithm makes the particle swarm get out …
Simulation Research On Cantilever Piezoelectric Generator With Mass, Yan Zhen, He Qing, Dongping Wang
Simulation Research On Cantilever Piezoelectric Generator With Mass, Yan Zhen, He Qing, Dongping Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Piezoelectric vibration generator made in MEMS can supply infinitely and continuously energy for low power electronic devices. In order to improve the adaptive capacity to environment of cantilever piezoelectric vibration generator, through the finite element simulation and experimental study, effect law of additional mass on the natural frequencies and output voltage was analyzed. Results show that, as the mass increases, natural frequency of the piezoelectric beam decreases monotonically, while relative displacement of the end monotonically increases; in the same incentive environment, output voltage of piezoelectric beam with close to the natural frequency and same to the end amplitude are …