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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
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- Simulation (131)
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- Permanent magnet synchronous motor (16)
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- Collision detection (14)
- Deep reinforcement learning (14)
- Parameter identification (14)
- Publication Year
Articles 1891 - 1920 of 3382
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
3d Reconstruction Of Uav Sequence Image Based On Motion Structure Graph, Yuhao Wu, Xuefeng Cao, Jinchao Peng, Lianrui Xu
3d Reconstruction Of Uav Sequence Image Based On Motion Structure Graph, Yuhao Wu, Xuefeng Cao, Jinchao Peng, Lianrui Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: UAV sequence image has the characteristics of high overlap and strong topological connection. Aiming at the inefficient and unstable in processing the large-scale UAV images of the existing incremental 3D reconstruction algorithm, a 3D reconstruction method based on motion structure graph is proposed. The image matching index is established by using the geolocation information and IMU data to improve the image matching efficiency, and the random motion consistency algorithm is used to calculate the relative motion; motion structure graph is used to represent the "association" between images, and closed-loop detection algorithm is used to eliminate the false edges. Under …
Hybrid Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Solving Mould Job Shop Scheduling Problem, Zhou Kai, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Hybrid Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Solving Mould Job Shop Scheduling Problem, Zhou Kai, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization has better performance compared with particle swarm optimization, but it still has the problem of getting trapped into local optimum with premature convergence. According to the above problem, a hybrid algorithm included quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization and bat algorithm was proposed. On the one hand, the random walk strategy of bat algorithm was used to avoid getting into local optimum, on the other hand, the speed changing of bats’ sound was learned to transform the factor of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. The proposed algorithm was tested on five benchmark functions and a mould job shop …
Control Strategy Of Bionic Eyes Movement In Gaze Shifts, Xiaohui Wang, Ma Xin, Bin Qin, Yibin Li
Control Strategy Of Bionic Eyes Movement In Gaze Shifts, Xiaohui Wang, Ma Xin, Bin Qin, Yibin Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the gaze shifts with asymmetrical depth in the horizontal plane of bionic eyes, a piecewise control strategy of eye-head coordinative motion was proposed according to the amplitude of gaze shifts, and the motion model of bionic eyes was developed. When the amplitude of gaze shifts is smaller than the head movement threshold, the eyes move only by saccade-vergence. When the amplitude is larger than the head movement threshold and smaller than the saturation threshold of eye movement with head at rest, gaze shifts are accomplished with eye-head coordinative movements. When the amplitude is larger than the saturation threshold, …
Numerical Simulation Of Cavitation And Failure Analysis In Hydraulic Loader, Mo Li, Yang Qi, Yumei Wang
Numerical Simulation Of Cavitation And Failure Analysis In Hydraulic Loader, Mo Li, Yang Qi, Yumei Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Using software CFX with SST κ-ω model and Rayleigh-Plesset cavitation model, the numerical simulation of 3-D steady flow with water liquid and water vapour two phases in whole flow passage of hydraulic loader was conducted. The influences of different parameters (inlet flow rate, rotational speed and blade angle) on cavitation of hydraulic loader were studied. The results show that, under small flow rate, large blade angle (≥60°) and low speed (≤3 000 r/min), cavitation is light. At different working conditions, where cavitation appears in radial direction of position is the same. The cavitation mainly distributes where the r/R …
Numerical Investigation Of Water-Exit Cavity Flow Of Missile With Complex Configuration, Chongxian Zhang, Xianglin Li, Yuqiu Liu
Numerical Investigation Of Water-Exit Cavity Flow Of Missile With Complex Configuration, Chongxian Zhang, Xianglin Li, Yuqiu Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model, a numerical calculation method of cavitating flow of water-exit missile with complex configuration was proposed. The influence of velocity of water-exit and angle of attack to cavitation of parts of missile was analyzed. The simulation results showed that in the beginning of water-exit course, body-attached bubble quickly grew due to reduction of cavitation number. After that, the effect of bubble break-off and oscillation became more obvious. In water-exit course of zero angle of attack, the length and thickness of bubble of shoulder increased linearly with velocity. The ability of the protrusion to induce …
Research Of Remote Sensing Image Classification Technology Based On Multi-Feature Combining And Bow Model, Li Ke, You Xiong, Du Lin
Research Of Remote Sensing Image Classification Technology Based On Multi-Feature Combining And Bow Model, Li Ke, You Xiong, Du Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A new algorithm of image classification of multi feature combination and BoW model was proposed. SIFT, GIST, Census and Gabor color, and many other types of features were extracted from the images, and then through the experimental analysis to determine the best feature combination. According to the general K-means algorithm which did not consider the weight of each features, different feature component was put forward by using automatic weighted k-means algorithm, respectively SIFT, GIST, Gabor feature construct weights based on image features of vocabulary, using the soft coding algorithm for image coding, and using the SVM algorithm …
Name-Embedded Couplet Creation Based On Mobile Platform, Weihua Shen, Shicheng Zhang, Shunting Wang, Zhigeng Pan
Name-Embedded Couplet Creation Based On Mobile Platform, Weihua Shen, Shicheng Zhang, Shunting Wang, Zhigeng Pan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Couplet culture is the crystallization of Chinese traditional culture, and also is the gem of Chinese language. Given the broad mobile intelligent terminal user groups, in order to inherit and carry forward the Chinese traditional culture, Android and iOS system were taken as the design platform, combining the couplet culture and modern science and technology in an organic whole based on the study of name-embedded couplet generation algorithm. The users were allowed to get personalized couplet belong to themselves conveniently and quickly by mobile platform. The name-embedded couplet creation software was expounded in the following areas: design concept, …
Stochastic Kriging For Random Simulation Metamodeling With Known Uncertainty, Wang Bo, Gea Haechang, Junqiang Bai, Yudong Zhang, Gong Jian, Weimin Zhang
Stochastic Kriging For Random Simulation Metamodeling With Known Uncertainty, Wang Bo, Gea Haechang, Junqiang Bai, Yudong Zhang, Gong Jian, Weimin Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Uncertainty-based design has been widely carried out these years. In order to deal with the problems with large amount of calculation, a stochastic kriging for random simulation metamodeling with known uncertainty was derived, which firstly included intrinsic uncertainty in metamodel initial formulation to fully account for inputs uncertainty, and then incorporated the correlationships of intrinsic uncertainty among all observed points. Several examples with known uncertainty were also conducted, in which the proposed method shows much better variance predictions than other similar methods. Simulation results show the proposed method is a more general form of kriging, which can also …
Research On Mathematical Models Of Damage Probability Approximate Computation Of Cargo Projectile, Zhaosheng Wang
Research On Mathematical Models Of Damage Probability Approximate Computation Of Cargo Projectile, Zhaosheng Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The scatter size of the bomblet of cargo projectile is large by comparison with the casualty producing area of single target. In order to promote computational efficiency, and to study optimum spread area of cargo projectile and the most advantageous fire distribution conveniently, mathematical models of damage probability approximate computation of cargo projectile on small rectangular target and circular target with single-shot fire, and correlation fire that firing is on identical data were established by probability analysis. The simulation method was discussed. The optimal dispersion areas were put out according the approximate computation model of single-shot fire. …
Online Identification And Simulation Of Multiple Model Based On Minimum Entropy Clustering, Xiaopeng Zhao, Yongchun Zhang
Online Identification And Simulation Of Multiple Model Based On Minimum Entropy Clustering, Xiaopeng Zhao, Yongchun Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An online identification algorithm for multiple model based on minimum entropy clustering was investigated. The number of local models and corresponding weights was calculated by the entropy based fuzzy subtractive clustering approach, and the regularity degree of the local system was considered along with the clustering process. Parameters of local models could be estimated online by the weighted recursive least square method. The waste heat recovery Organic Rankine Cycles system was used to demonstrate the algorithm. The result shows the identified multi-model not only can reach an accuracy and reliability identification result, but also has a stronger self-adaptability …
Research Of Intrusion Alert Aggregation Based On Spatial And Temporal Density, Zhang Jing, Hengjun Wang, Junquan Li, Bin Yu
Research Of Intrusion Alert Aggregation Based On Spatial And Temporal Density, Zhang Jing, Hengjun Wang, Junquan Li, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Distributed Intrusion Detection System has created the problem to investigate a mass of duplicate alerts and high false positive rate in practical applications. Based on DBSCAN, density based spatial and temporal clustering of applications with noise (DBS&TCAN) algorithm was proposed by introducing temporal density. The approach aggregated partial alerts based on spatial density, and merges partial aggregation on the basis of temporal density. The effectiveness of the algorithm was demonstrated by the intrusion detection evaluation dataset. The comparative experiments and analysis show that the algorithm is effective in alert aggregation and gives better results in terms of real time …
Fast Fusion Method For Multi-Focus Image Based On Hierarchical Model, Lisheng Wei, Pinggai Zhang
Fast Fusion Method For Multi-Focus Image Based On Hierarchical Model, Lisheng Wei, Pinggai Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The issue of hierarchical model for multi-focus image fusion was proposed to improve the visual effect and real-time performance. According to the ambiguous zones of source image, the appropriate grid value was selected and the fusion model was proposed. By using fuzzy logic method and threshold segmentation, the gray variance values of the corresponding block were calculated and the hierarchical classification of sub-block was given to achieve the best fusion zones. Based on these, the weighted mean method was proposed to smooth the discontinuity of different block marginal area. These guaranteed the real-time performance of image fusion. The simulation …
Robustness Research For Adaptive Control Algorithms Of Pipe Conveying Fluid Vibration, Chen Bing, Yuanyuan Huang, Zhongjun Yin
Robustness Research For Adaptive Control Algorithms Of Pipe Conveying Fluid Vibration, Chen Bing, Yuanyuan Huang, Zhongjun Yin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Pipes with supported ends may lose their dynamic stability due to parametric instability when they convey pulsating fluid. the piezoelectric actuators were taken as the control actuators, and built a controlling mathematical model of the pipeline system. Then aiming at the traditional PID controller’s poor robustness on pipeline system parameters, MRAC system and MRAC system based on adaptive gain of the PD were designed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory, not only the vibration peak values of the pipeline system were suppressed in a short time, but also the controllers had better robustness on pipeline system parameters. Control …
Research On Identification Of Induction Motor Parameters Ased On Nameplate Data And Pso, Xingwu Wang, Bingshu Wang, Zhaoyan Zhang, Zhibin Liu
Research On Identification Of Induction Motor Parameters Ased On Nameplate Data And Pso, Xingwu Wang, Bingshu Wang, Zhaoyan Zhang, Zhibin Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A new method was proposed based on motor nameplate and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for identification of motor equivalent circuit parameters. The method effectively solved to present problems of motor equivalent circuit parameters identification method. An accurate motor equivalent circuit was built by introducing an equivalent stray-loss resistance, mechanical loss, and slip loss of ring brushes for wound motor. An identification optimization model of equivalent circuit was established based on motor nameplate parameters and motor equivalent circuit’s calculating parameters. Solving optimization model with PSO was achieved a higher probability optimization goals. The motor electrical parameters were calculatd at …
Parameter Identification Of Induction Motor Based On Tabu-Chaotic Firefly Algorithm, Xiaoyang Xu, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Parameter Identification Of Induction Motor Based On Tabu-Chaotic Firefly Algorithm, Xiaoyang Xu, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to overcome the defects of traditional induction motor parameter identification methods such as identifying less parameters simultaneously and Low identification accuracy. A multi-parameters identification method based on Tabu-chaotic Firefly Algorithm was proposed. The proposed method can simultaneously identify the stator resistance, stator inductance, rotor time constant and mutual inductance without prior knowledge about the parameters. For the sake of improving the identification accuracy, the formula of attractiveness in original Firefly Algorithm was adjusted, furthermore chaos theory and the idea of Tabu Search was integrated into the algorithm. Simulatied experimental results demonstrate that compared to the other …
Design Of Ble Key Agreement Scheme Based On Hash Chain, Yibo Huang, Yicai Huang, Bin Yu
Design Of Ble Key Agreement Scheme Based On Hash Chain, Yibo Huang, Yicai Huang, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that BLE Secure Simple Pairing protocol is vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks, a BLE key agreement scheme based on hash chain was proposed. The scheme realized mutual authentication and link key agreement applying the unidirectivity and crashworthiness of hash chain. Update mechanism of the hash chain was designed to prevent from reuse of hash chain node values. The security analysis of BAN logic and experiment results show that, the scheme can effectively resist eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. Meanwhile, it has low storage and computation overheads.
Study On Model-Based Visual Servoing With Reconstructed 2d Features, Guoliang Zhang, Jixiang Du, Zhanni Wang, Wang Tian
Study On Model-Based Visual Servoing With Reconstructed 2d Features, Guoliang Zhang, Jixiang Du, Zhanni Wang, Wang Tian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To overcome the defect of camera retreat in image based visual servoing, a model-based visual servoing incorporated 2D image based visual servoing with 3D features was proposed. The robot visual servoing model was established by altering traditional two dimensional feature to three dimensional features based on traditional IBVS control structure. Furthermore, combined with the Simulink software, simulation model was established and motion characteristics of two methods were analyzed and compared in image space and Cartesian space. The experiment results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improved Dv-Hop Localization Algorithm Based On Average Hopping Distance And Position Optimization, Zhipu Zhao, Wu Dong, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Improved Dv-Hop Localization Algorithm Based On Average Hopping Distance And Position Optimization, Zhipu Zhao, Wu Dong, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To overcome the low positioning accuracy caused by the imprecise estimated distance and the accumulative location error, an improved DV-Hop localization algorithm based on Wireless Sensor Network was proposed. This method, taking the summation of the beacon node average jump distance based on the weighted error correction as its average distance, was used to reduce the average jump distance error. Besides, an improved least square method was used to process the accumulative location error. The simulation results show that the improved localization algorithm performs greatly better, both in distance estimation and positioning accuracy, than the traditional DV-Hop localization algorithm, …
Node Selection Of Collaborative Tracking Based On Particle Filter, Chen Ying, Xuexue Cheng
Node Selection Of Collaborative Tracking Based On Particle Filter, Chen Ying, Xuexue Cheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to the problem of target tracking in video sensor networks, a new algorithm was proposed for cooperative monitoring and tracking of node selection based on particle filter. The method obtained posterior distribution through particle filtering in tracking problem and got the information entropy to evaluate the estimate uncertainty. Background modeling and the phase division were applied to extract target blob, and pixels number of the target blob was calculated to measure detection information. Confidence measure of nodes was determined based on the two factors to realize the optimization of the selected node and then track by particle filter …
Research On Ontology-Meta Modeling Method For Equipments Sos (System Of System) Combat Simulation, Zhang Shen, Haohua Xu, Jingye Wang
Research On Ontology-Meta Modeling Method For Equipments Sos (System Of System) Combat Simulation, Zhang Shen, Haohua Xu, Jingye Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the strict standard and difficulties of equipments SOS combat simulation modeling, an ontology-meta modeling method was put forward. Based on the analysis of equipments SOS combat, the basic notional units were abstracted: function unit, combat organize, combat maneuver, combat event, and combat environment, and the units mapping into UOPEE (unit, organization, proceeding, event and environment) which was a maturity and combined models collect, then constituted the descriptive UOPEE architecture with the UML method, obtaining the cyber-model architecture based on component designing and realizing method. This method makes the equipments SOS combat model easy to mapping and integration …
Research On Visual Display System Of Helicopter Flight Simulator, Zhangfa Liu, Junjie Zhang
Research On Visual Display System Of Helicopter Flight Simulator, Zhangfa Liu, Junjie Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the effect of visual display system in helicopter simulator system, and to enhanc the installation and maintenance of equipment, the method is based on x-type side-cabin helicopter, studying from optical design, dome design, projection support and shelter design, geometry correction and edge blending design. Research was discussed from a theoretical analysis of optical design method, taking fully into account the practicality and versatility of the structure of the dome design, integrated projectors support and shade structures, as well as the unique geometric correction method of geometric reference system. This method was validated by actual project …
Design And Implementation Of Secure Usb Connection, Songyin Zhao, Bin Yu
Design And Implementation Of Secure Usb Connection, Songyin Zhao, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the deficiency of present secure solutions countering USB-based Hardware Trojan Horse, BadUSB, bus wiretapping and other new attack technologies, a secure connection scheme applying to any USB device was proposed. In scheme, mutual authentication and key exchange were implemented by extending the standard device request in the hub driver and USB device framework driver to prevent the creation of malicious USB connection. Meanwhile, all the data transferred of the created USB connection would be filter encrypted by USB bus driver and USB device framework driver to rebel the monitor of bus. The experiment results show that the …
Research On Pedestrian Crossing Road Skills Assist Training System Based On Game Model, Meiliang Wang, Huagen Wan, Jianping Gu
Research On Pedestrian Crossing Road Skills Assist Training System Based On Game Model, Meiliang Wang, Huagen Wan, Jianping Gu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the rapid growth of number of family cars in China, there are more and more road accidents, so pedestrians will undoubtedly become the biggest victims in the accidents. Thus it is of great significance to develop a road training system that is able to improve the ability of the pedestrians to process the integrated information of the traffic flow, and reduce the risk of pedestrian in accidents when crossing the roads. Based on the key researches on dynamic virtual traffic scene, human-computer interaction and virtual objects collision detection, with the application of technology of virtual reality and 3 …
Study On Effects Of T-Spur-Dikes On Flow Characteristics In 90° Bend Channel By Large Eddy Simulation, Wenli Wei, Panpan Li, Shipeng Shao, Yuling Liu
Study On Effects Of T-Spur-Dikes On Flow Characteristics In 90° Bend Channel By Large Eddy Simulation, Wenli Wei, Panpan Li, Shipeng Shao, Yuling Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of river erosion at concave bank and of sediment deposition at convex bank in actual bend rivers, the 3D hydraulic characteristics of bend channel with spur-dikes must be studied. The gas-liquid two-phase large eddy model was used to numerically simulate the hydraulic characteristics of flow in a 90° bend channel with a spur-dike. Comparisons of the simulated longitudinal velocity with the experimental data show a good agreement, which indicates that the large eddy model is an effective way to study the hydraulic characteristics of bend channels. The analysis of the distribution of velocity …
Sybil Attack Detection Scheme Design In Zigbee Network, Meigen Huang, Bin Yu, Zhiyin Kong
Sybil Attack Detection Scheme Design In Zigbee Network, Meigen Huang, Bin Yu, Zhiyin Kong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of Sybil which attacks and destroys the resource allocation, routing discovery and data aggregation in ZigBee network, a scheme to detect Sybil attacks was proposed. The scheme established a doubt mechanism of Sybil node to mark child nodes in the same location as well as communication distance inconsistent geographical distance. The scheme designed a identified processes of Sybil node via father joint legal neighboring nodes transmitting a random number to the suspected Sybil nodes on different channels simultaneously, identifying Sybil nodes by its correctness. Safety analysis and experiment results show that the proposed scheme has …
Method Of Hardware-In-The-Loop (Hwil) Simulation For Pose Movement Of Vertical Launching Aerocraft With Continuous Rotation In Yaw, Chengsheng Liu, Zhang Qing
Method Of Hardware-In-The-Loop (Hwil) Simulation For Pose Movement Of Vertical Launching Aerocraft With Continuous Rotation In Yaw, Chengsheng Liu, Zhang Qing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There are defects in the pose movement simulation of vertical launching aerocraft which can circumrotate continuously in yaw with three -axis flight motion simulator. Based on analysis of these defects, a four-axis project which could be applied to the situation of the changing range of vehicle pitch pose and vehicle roll attitude more than ±180° and the changing range of vehicle course pose towards infinite greatness was proposed. The structure of the four-axis flight motion simulator was analyzed and the control model was made. Above all, a four-axis concerted control law was designed with" switching movement mechanism", and a …
Perfect Recovery (2,N) Color Visual Cryptography Scheme, Xianhuan Zhang, Zhengxin Fu, Ouyang Dan, Bin Yu
Perfect Recovery (2,N) Color Visual Cryptography Scheme, Xianhuan Zhang, Zhengxin Fu, Ouyang Dan, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on XOR operation and combining the characteristic of computer display technology, a perfect recovery (2,n) color visual cryptography scheme was proposed. Sharing algorithm of color secret image was designed on the basis of constructing row vectors${{V}_{1}},{{V}_{2}},\cdots ,{{V}_{n}}$. Through computing shares by XOR operation and dealing with recovery image, the secret image was recovered. The experimental results show that the scheme on the basis of keeping the simplicity in the reconstruction phase of visual cryptography can realize the secret image perfect recovery with low pixel expansion for price. Each participant only needs to carry a share …
Optimization Sensing Slot Under Transmission Collision Of Primary User And Secondary User In Cognitive Radio System, Chen Song, Nae Zheng, Wang Sheng
Optimization Sensing Slot Under Transmission Collision Of Primary User And Secondary User In Cognitive Radio System, Chen Song, Nae Zheng, Wang Sheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the cognitive radio system, that the primary user (PU) has collision with the secondary user (SU) when the secondary user (SU) was detected properly was considered. The queuing theory was introduced and the PU’s appearance pattern was described by M/M/1 model. Considering the length of the transmitting slot, detection probability and transmitting collision, the function of spectrum usage and transmitting time were established based on the PU’s appearance pattern. The existence of the maximum value of spectrum usage in the definition domain of the transmitting time was proved by theoretical derivation in some condition. The simulation results provide …
Airborne Weather Radar Visual Simulation Based-On Dynamic Satellite Cloud Image, Zhang Jun
Airborne Weather Radar Visual Simulation Based-On Dynamic Satellite Cloud Image, Zhang Jun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A real-time simulation algorithm was proposed to generate a wide range of the common aviation weather condition for the flight simulator based-on a set of dynamic satellite cloud images. With this efficient weather simulation algorithm, a fast radar echo visual simulating method was proposed. The proposed method used the 2D simplified Navier-Stokes and microphysics equations to implement the essential numerical simulation of the aviation weather condition. By this way, the complex problem of large-scale cloud resolving and particle-backscattering computing could be viewed as a simple 2D multi-resolution image processing. Real application on the flight simulator shows that the …
Study On Tracking Filter Algorithms For Nonballistic Targets In Near Space, Yajie Cao, Junlong Li, Qin Lei
Study On Tracking Filter Algorithms For Nonballistic Targets In Near Space, Yajie Cao, Junlong Li, Qin Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Recently, different countries made rapid developments in the field of hypersonic aircraft in near space. The successful flight tests of hypersonic aircraft X-51A and HTV-2 were representative.They adopted the way of nonballistic maneuver flight whose motion trajectory was characterized by “hopping”, which existed the problems of difficulties of nonballistic target acceleration estimation, trajectory tracking and prediction. Four typical nonballistic maneuver models of near space targets of tracking filter are introducedand then target ballistic equation and design of tracking filter are introduced. At last, an estimation of four tracking filter ways is maken towards target acceleration. The effect of particle …