Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Bentonite As A Soil Additive For The Cover Material On The Kl Avenue Sanitary Landfill, Kalamazoo, Michigan, Neal J. Carey

Masters Theses

A principle objective of using bentonite as a soil additive is to reduce the permeability of a cover material, thus, inhibiting the infiltration of surface waters at landfill sites.

Twenty-two cores of the KL landfill were taken to obtain in-situ soil columns for testing. Coefficients of permeability were calculated for each soil column using the falling-head permeameter. Mechanical and hydrometer analyses were used for the grain size analysis. The methylene-blue test was employed to determine the actual percentages of bentonite present in each soil column. X-ray diffraction work was done on the clay fraction of each soil column to verify …

Facies Development And Porosity Relationships In The Dundee Limestone Of Gladwin County, Michigan, Eric Lee Montgomery

Masters Theses

The Devonian of the Michigan Basin was a time of transgressive seas and extensive carbonate deposition including coral and stromatoporoid buildups. Deposited during the Middle Devonian, the Dundee Limestone represents deposition in subtidal, intertidal, and restricted environments. The Buckeye Oil Field, located in south-central Gladwin County, is a combined stratigraphic and structural carbonate trap which produces from a series of intertonguing patch reefs, fringing sand bodies, and "intertidal island" fenestral zones. The major reef building organisms include stromatoporoids, corals, calcareous algae, brachiopods, and crinoids, with the stromatoporoids providing the major framework. The patch reef facies is composed of massive stromatoporoid …

Calculations For The Excitation Of High Spin Natural Parity States In Hypernuclei Via (Π+, K+), Yizhang Ho

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Query Optimization Method For Use In A Generalized Database, Caroline D. Mautz

Masters Theses

Currently proposed methods for retrieval of records from a generalized file organization are not optimal, causing more I\0 retrievals than are necessary. This paper proposes another technique that has near optimal results and has a polynomial order of complexity.

The technique takes as input a query in disjunctive form, sorts the keys in the query in ascending order according to the number of records associated with them, then using a table much like a prime implicant table, systematically searches for a complete cover of the query conjuncts with a minimum total number of records associated with the keys that are …

The Provenance Of The Jacobsville Formation Of The Upper Peninsula Of Michigan Through A Petrographic Study, David Walter Lindsay

Masters Theses

The Upper Keweenawan Jacobsville Formation source areas were mixed source terranes with dominant terrane types changing regionally in relative abundances of sediment contribution. Dominant source terranes were older sediments, including a weathered soil zone, Upper Keweenawan Freda Sandstone and other recycled sandstones; plutonic Precambrian basement rocks;. Middle Keweenawan Portage Lake Volcanics; and the chlorite to staurolite grade metamorphic rocks and iron ranges of Michigan’s upper peninsula.

Depositional environments of the formation's four facies types range from fluvial to deltaic/lacustrine. Sediments were in transport for a short distance, resulting in grain freshness and angularity, moderate sorting and preservation of unstable sediments. …

Syntactic Representation And Analysis Of The Cognitive Structures Underlying Ritual Acts, Robert G. Hardin

Masters Theses

A formal grammar was proposed by Lawson and McCauley (1980) to model the cognitive structures underlying an informant's representation of religious ritual acts. This study classifies the language generated by that grammar as context-sensitive, presents an LR(1) parser for the language, and specifies a computer program to implement that model. The system functions as an Intelligent assistant using techniques involving rule-based systems, non-monotonic logic, and multiple levels of abstraction. Knowledge is represented in a parse tree, rules stored as patterns, and the inference engine uses a pattern matcher. The consequences of an act change over time and can change previous …

Simultaneous Knudsen- And Torsion-Effusion Measurements Of The Vapor Pressures Of Triphenyl Aluminum And Triphenyl Boron, Steven Wayne Govorchin

Masters Theses

The sublimation pressures of triphenyl aluminum and triphenyl boron have been determined from simultaneous measurements of the rate of mass effusion and torsional recoil. For triphenyl aluminum the measured vapor presures are expressed by the equations:

logio (P_k/P°) = (12.76 ± 1.25) - (8214 ± 572) (K/T)

logio (P_t/p °) = (12.83 ± 1.34) - (8206 ± 615) (K/T)

where P_k and P_t are the pressures measured by the Knudsen-effusion and torsional-recoil techniques, respectively, and p° = 101.325 kP_a. For triphenyl boron the measured vapor pressures are expressed by the equations:

log …

Petrography, Diagenetic History, And Development Of Porosity In The Richfield Member Of The Lower Middle Devonian Lucas Formation, Northeast Isabella County, Central Michigan Basin, Kevin James Sullivan

Masters Theses

The Richfield Member of the lower Middle Devonian Lucas Formation is represented in the subsurface of northeast Isabella County, Michigan as a 180-foot-thick sequence of Interbedded limestone, dolomite and anhydrite. Richfield lithofacies within the study area reflect deposition in a complex patchwork mosaic of evaporative supratidal, in tertid al, shoal, and subtidal environments.

The present variations in Richfield porosities were caused almost entirely by post-depositlonal diagenetic changes. The carbonate units have undergone pervasive dolomltlzation of mud matrix, leaching of allochems, and extensive anhydrite void -fillin g . The best porosity developments are associated with partial to complete dolomitizatlon of the …

Microscopic Optical Potentials, Michael R. Sloothaak

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Data Structure For The Use Of Patterns In The Perceptual Ordering Of The Game Of Chess, Russ L. Hanna

Masters Theses

"It is well known that the way one perceives a problem can influence the difficulty of solving the problem in a profound way. In the case of computer chess playing programs, one finds that most programs perceive the game in much the same way. They are all based on Shannon's original proposal for chess playing programs. His approach was to generate all of the possible combinations of moves up to a certain number of plays and then a subset of all combinations to a deeper level thereafter. Each of these moves would then be evaluated as to its relative worth. …

Studies Of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate-Water-Electrolyte Interactions, Xiaoxiang Zhu

Masters Theses

A surfactant selective electrode using a PVC membrane was constructed. A surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene-sulfonate)-H₂O system was studied at 15°, 19°, 25°, and 40°C with the PVC electrodes, a Na⁺ selective electrode, and a conductivity bridge. Pre-micelle regions at the above temparatures were observed. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC^b) obtained by the PVC electrodes in salt-free systems are: 1.63x10^-3 M at 15°C, 1.48x10^-3 M at 19.1°C, 1.52x10^-3 M at 25°C, and 1.73x10^-3 M at 41.6°C. The CMC'c obtained by the Na⁺ electrode are: 1.62x10^-3 M at 15°C, 1.37x10^-3 M …

Electrochemical Studies Of Transition Metal Carbonyls, Dwayne Edward Cooper

Masters Theses

The electrochemical oxidation of (OC)₅MP-PM'(CO)₅ (M=Cr, Mo, W; M'=Cr, Mo, W; M=M' or M≠M'; P-P=Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂) and the reduction of the oxidized products in a 0.1 M tetrabutyl-ammonium perchlorate methylene chloride solution at a platinum disc working electrode with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode have been studied. The number of electrons in the oxidation step was determined by comparison with the one electron oxidation of ferrocene which had a peak potential at +0.15 V.

The cyclic voltammograms of the homobimetallic and heterobimetallic complexes display two general chacteristics: quasi-reversible or irreversible one …

Synthesis Of Phosphine Trans-Substituted Derivatives Of Iron Pentacarbonyl, Karl Heinz Hecker

Masters Theses

The synthesis of trans-Fe (CO)₃(PR₃)₂ (PR₃ = PPh₃, PPh₂Me, PPh₂CHCH₂, P(c-C₆H₁₁)₃, P(n-C₄H₉)₃, PPh₂H) can be achieved by refluxing iron pentacarbonyl under reducing conditions in the presence of ligand in 1-butanol. Addition of iron pentacarbonyl to a 1-butanol solution of sodium borohydride at room temperature results in a quantitative conversion of the iron carbonyl complex to the corresponding mononuclear formyl complex. Upon heating the initially formed formyl species decomposes to form the …

Empirical Equations For Activity And Osmotic Coefficients, N. Ragunathan

Masters Theses

A system of equations for fitting the experimental activity and osmotic coefficients of single and mixed electrolytes in aqueous solutions has been empirically developed in the present research. The results obtained through the equations developed here are comparable to the Pitzer equations in terms of accuracy and range of fitting. The equation for activity coefficient developed in the present research compared to the Pitzer activity coefficient equation has a form which is conveinient for computational purposes. The equation for activity coefficients is ln g = -╎Z_mZ_x╎A_D[I^1/2/(1 + bI^1/2)] + E …

Characterization Of The Capsular Polysaccharides On Cell Membranes Of Rhizobium Trifolii And Three Of Its Nod- Mutants, Jesse Ardosa

Masters Theses

The ever-present specter of the inavailability of food production to increase in direct proportion to population growth haunts practically every nation of the world. As more and more tracts of land are incorporated to accommodate expanding cities, they become less available for food production. Emphasis, therefore, is placed on obtaining a higher yield per acreage planted. Since fertilization is not reliable in the long term due to an eventual depletion of raw materials for fertilizers, the ability of plants like legumes to assimilate free soil nitrogen on their own has become increasingly important [1,11,14,17]. However, the mechanisms involved are still …

Syntheses And Electrochemistry Of Monosubstituted Carbonyl Complexes Of Low Valent Ruthenium, Nor Azowa Ibrahim

Masters Theses

The reactions of Ph₂MeP and PhMe₂P with (PPh₃)₄RuCl₂ yield (PPh₂Me)₄RuCl₂ and (PPhMe₂)₄RuCl₂, respectively. These complexes have been shown by conductivity studies to be dissociated in acetonitrile and exist as [(PPh₂Me)₄RuCl(CH₃CN)]Cl and [(PPhMe₂)₄RuCl(CH₃CN)]Cl. When carbon monoxide was bubbled into these solutions, monocarbonyl complexes were obtained. Elemental analyses, ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, infrared spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, and polarography were used to analyse the products, (PPh₂Me)_{2 …}

Isolation And Partial Analysis Of Proteins And Polysaccharides Of Rhizobium Trifolii, Manuelito M. Ordonez

Masters Theses

The outer membrane and periplasmic proteins of Rhizobium trifolii ANU 843 and its mutants ANU 851 and ANU 845(pRt150) were isolated and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). ANU 843 is the wild type strain which possesses all the characteristics necessary for nitrogen fixation. ANU 851 has a transposon (Tn5) inserted into the nodD gene of the root hair curling region of the symbiotic plasmid. It has lost its ability to cause root hair curling and therefore can not form nodules and can not fix nitrogen. ANU 845(pRt150) harbors only the 5.5 kb root hair curling region of the …

Enhancement Of Ether Cleaving Reactions By Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding, Nobumi Takemura

Masters Theses

Rate constants of cleavages of fourteen alkyl-aryl ethers with HI, KI, or LiI in pyridine at 50-150°C were determined under pseudo first order conditions. The following ethers which have a six-membered ring intramolecular hydrogen bond underwent a bimolecular nucleophilic displacement by iodide ion in pyridine: 8-methoxy-1-naphthalenol, 8-ethoxy-1-naphthalenol, 2-methoxybenzoic acid, and 2-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether. The following ethers which lack a six-membered ring hydrogen bond were not cleaved or underwent cleavage slowly compared with the hydrogen bonded compounds: 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene, 1,8-diethoxynaphthalene, 1-methoxynaphthalene, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, 2-methoxybenzyl methyl ether, and 4-methoxybenzyl methyl ether. The pattern of ether reactivity indicated that a six-membered ring …

Analysis Of The Charleston, Illinois Water Supply For The Presence Of Organic Mutagens Utilizing The Ames Salmonella/Microsome Assay, Steven Lee Washburn

Masters Theses

Water samples from the Charleston, Illinois water supply and selected agricultural run-off areas were tested for the presence of organic mutagenic chemicals. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay utilizing strains TA98 and TA100 was used to analyze concentrated water samples. A special set of samples was exposed to the S9 activation system coupled with the TA98 strain to simulate the mammalian metabolic system.

No mutagens were detected in any of the samples tested. Several positive and negative control systems were included in the testing system. Negative control systems were used to determine the average spontaneous reversion rates for each strain for …

A Computerized Audio-Visual Speech Model, Joaquin Alberto Vila Ruiz

Masters Theses

"This thesis describes an expert system able to animate (graphically) and reproduce (acoustically) a text in any language which uses the Latin alphabet. A rule editor has been developed to create and modify the set of letter-to-sound rules of the target language. A parser has been implemented to apply the set of rules and translate text-to-speech. Each phoneme has a unique sound and thus requires its particular positioning of the vocal organs which are displayed in two different projections: a front view and a profile cross view of a human face in synchronization with the output sounds of the speech …

Specification And Efficiency Evaluation Of A Data Communications Protocol, Patricia Ann Anderson

Masters Theses

"A data communications protocol for an established operating environment is formally specified. Motivation for the development of this protocol is presented, with consideration for the future communications requirements of the system.

Factors influencing the performance of a protocol are reviewed. Error recovery, network addressing, flow control, traffic prioritization, and initialization and termination sequences are examined in general and with respect to the protocol development.

In conclusion, a mathematical evaluation of the efficiency of the protocol is provided, using Tanenbaum's equations for determining channel utilization. The theoretical channel utilization of a perfect system, without propagation delay or error, is compared with …

Genesis Of An Expert System For Umr Degree Auditing, Ruth Sue Dare

Masters Theses

"This paper describes the features, design, and development of an expert system for degree auditing at the University of Missouri--Rolla. It summarizes artificial intelligence as it is known today while specifically addressing expert systems. It describes selected expert systems currently in existence.

The present audit procedure utilized at the University of Missouri--Rolla is discussed. A description is given of the design and development of an expert system, written in LISP, to conduct a degree audit. Finally there are concluding remarks which include an analysis of the system and a discussion of possible system enhancement"--Abstract, page ii.

Mica: Prototyping An Expert System Consultant, Joseph Howard Marchal

Masters Theses

"The United States, as the world's largest producer and consumer of scrap and flake mica, has an obvious economic interest in applications of artificial intelligence technology that would expedite beneficiation of mica. In the fall of 1985, personnel of the Tuscaloosa and Rolla research centers of the Bureau of Mines and of the University of Missouri--Rolla, Institute for Artificial Intelligence started the following long term research project: Develop an Expert System Consultant for the three basic stages of mica beneficiation: Stage 1: characterization of the material; Stage 2: treatment to obtain a concentrate; and Stage 3: evaluation of the resulting …

Geology Of The Escalante District, Iron County, Utah, James William Biehl

Masters Theses

"The Escalante Silver District, Iron County, Utah, occupies a group of low hills extending to the Escalante Desert from the Black Hills to the south. Tertiary volcanics serve as host rocks for silver bearing quartz veins. Five map units, with a total of 12 members are recognized. X-ray fluorescence and field mapping enabled differentiation of the units, while thin section analysis enabled characterization of the members. The map units formed in three episodes. The oldest is extrusive doming of distinctive older lava and breccia flows. The middle group is made up of tectontic breccias, sillar-like lava flows, and volcaniclastic sediments …

The Response Of The Kentucky River Drainage Basin To A Lowering Of Base Level Control, David B. Warwick

Masters Theses

The Kentucky River has responded to a lowering of base level control by: 1) deepening the course of its channel; 2) cutting off meanders as incision proceeded; 3) developing knickpoints on tributaries; 4) widening its valley; and 5) dissecting the upland surface.

Field work involved surveying streams to obtain profiles. Twenty streams covering 125 miles of river from Carrollton to Camp Nelson, Kentucky were surveyed. Knickpoints were defined from these profiles. Data from stream profiles showed knickpoint distances decreasing with increasing distance up river. Map work involved obtaining data for hypsometric curves. Hypsometric integrals were determined from these curves. Data …

Reactions Of Supercritical Water With Quinolone And Related Compounds, Zhuangjie Li

Masters Theses

One function which coal processing can perform is the removal of heteroatoms to yield a less polluting product. The removal of nitrogen atoms from the model compounds quinoline and aniline, which are believed to be representative of the nitrogen functional groups found in coal, was studied using supercritical water (SW) as the fluid. Water at these conditions serves as a reactant, helping to promote the rupture of the heterocyclic ring and in the removal of nitrogen attached to an aromatic ring. Heterocyclic ring rupture leads to the formation of several methylated products, methyl and dimethyl anilines, phenols and quinolines. The …

The Use Of Electrical Resistivity To Delineate A Brine Contamination Plume In The Walker Oilfield, Kent County, Michigan, Kent E. Meisel

Masters Theses

Contamination of groundwater with oil field brines was reported in the Walker Oil Field, Michigan. An electrical resistivity survey utilizing the Vertical Electrical Sounding method was conducted to test the method as an exploratory tool for delineating brine contamination in glacial deposits. The method was successful in defining the subsurface geology and delineating a shallow, confined aquifer, but the presence of extensive, conductive clays effectively masked the presence of brine contamination. The method was shown to be an effective exploratory tool for shallow investigations.

Synthesis Of Pyridine Nucleosides By Cycloaddition Reactions And Synthesis And Condensation Reactions Of 4-Aryl-2-Oxytetronimides, Glenn L. Heise

Masters Theses

Experiment 1: The reaction of various glutaconaldehyde salts (Na⁺ or K⁺) with glycosyl isothiocyanates has resulted in the formation of a novel class of compounds. Relatively mild conditions were utilized for the synthesis which occurs in four steps, and in good yield, starting from glucpseptentaacetate. These reactions were found to be regiospecific. The unique physical and spectral properties of the model compound 1-(2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-β-D-glycopranosyl)-2-thiono-3-pyridine carboxaldehyde are also discussed.

Experiement 2: Early synthetic methodologies have recently been utilized in the synthesis of 4-aryl-2-oxytetronimides. These compounds have been found to participate in condensation reactions with various substituted o-phenylene diamines. A …

Lithofacies And Geochemistry Of Interreef Carbonates, Middle Silurian, Michigan Basin, Eric N. Porcher

Masters Theses

The Niagara Group of the Michigan Basin is composed of reef, interreef, and basinal carbonates. The Niagara Group interreef has herein been divided into several litho facies: algal-laminated dolomicrite, bioturbated dolomicrite, intraclastic dolomicrite, wispy-laminated dolomicrite, crinoidal micrite, and nodular micrite. These interreef carbonates show a shallowing upward sequence.

The geochemistry of the Niagara Group interreef was examined in an attempt to delineate any geochemical gradients with respect to reefs. The geochemistry of the inter reef was determined by Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) analysis. No significant geochemical gradients were found to be associated with reefs. Reasons for this may include: …

Cobalt (Iii) Complexes With (R) - 1, 2-Diaminopropane And Its Derivatives, Christopher John Rudy

Masters Theses

(R)-1, 2-Diethylaminopropane (N,N' -Etlpn) was prepared by LialH₄ reduction of (R)-1-2-diacetamidopropane (m.p. 153.5°C). The [∝]_D of N, N'-Melpn and N,N'-Etlpn was related to that of 1pn and was concentration dependent. (R)-1, 2-Dibenzylaminopropane was prepared. Complexes of trans, trans- and trans, cis-dinitrobis ((R)- 1, 2-diethylaminopropane) cobalt (III) were perpared. The hexadecadal rule was used to help assign the nitro oxygens of the complexes to sectors adjacent to the axial amine hydrogens and within the boundaries of the λ- chelate rings. The CD spectra was solvent dependent. The instability of trans-[Co (III)N₄X₂]⁺ complexes was related …