Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Research On Increased Precipitation By Cloud Seeding: Development Phase, Geoffrey E. Hill

Reports

Development of several instrumentation systems for measuring atmospheric variables related to winter orogaraphic cloud seeding was undertaken. A heated tipping bucket precipitation gage was modified both for reliable use and accuracy of data. A solid state memory device was also developed at UWRL for this project. A parachute dropsonde for measuring vertical air motion was further developed. In addition, instrumentation was placed on board an aircraft for measuring concentrations of super cooled water, ice nuclei, and ice crystals. Airborne measurements during cloud seeding with silver iodide showed that the plumes of seeding material could be detected over a target area, …

Economic Impacts Of Two Proposed Power Plants On Utah's Irrigated Agriculture, Rangesan Narayanan

Reports

Introduction: The impact on agriculture of a large coal-fired stream electic plant (such as the proposed Intermountain Power Project near Lynndyl, Utah) or a large nuclear electic plant (such as proposed for the Green River Site near Emery, Utah) depends on a large number of factors. Among the most important are the technology used in power plant design, the site-characteristics of the plant location, the availability of water resources in the vicinity of the plant, the quality of the available water, and the types of agricultural uses and their water requirements. Some of these factors can be defined by obtaining …

Development Of An Erosion Model And Its Application To Phosphate Mine Dumps In Southeastern Idaho, Vinod Prabhakar, Roland W. Jeppson, Loren R. Anderson

Reports

Based on the equations of continuity and motion for sediment transport and the dynamic equation of spatially varied open channel flow, a computer simulation of erosion is developed. The water source for the erosion simulation may be rainfall or snowmelt. To provide snowmelt a computer simulation giving the rate of snowmelt from limited climatic data has been adapted to work conjunctively with the erosion model to provide a dynamic solution to erosion and overland flow, from precipitation and other limited climatic data. The computer simulation model has been tested using climatic data at and near the phosphate mine in Southeastern …

Engineering Properties And Slope Stability Settlement Analysis Related To Phosphate Mine Spoil Dumps In Southeastern Idaho, Richard E. Riker, Loren R. Anderson, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

The engineering properties of waste spoil from phosphate mines in Southeastern Idaho were determined through field and laboratory testing. Based on these properties, the slope stability and settlement characteristics of phosphate spoil dumps were determined. Hypothetical examples illustrate possible modes of foundation failures. Such failures might occur when weak foundation soils exist of when there is a lack of embankment-foundation preparation prior to the disposal of waste material. Adequate protection against slope failure occurring through the embankment material can be accomplished by grading embankment finish slopes to 2 ½ horizontal to 1 vertical or flatter and taking proper caution to …

Unsaturated Transient Flow Through Heterogeneous Soils: Numerical Solutions And Analyses Of Three-Dimensional Axisymmetric Flows, Abdolhossien Nassehzadeh-Tabrizi, Roland W. Jeppson, Lyman S. Willardson

Reports

This study deals with unsaturated, unsteady water movement through hetergeneous porous media. The specific problem investigated is the transient three-dimensional sxisymmetric flow resulting from water being applied on a horizontal circular area. The heterogeneity of the soil is described by allowing any or all of the five parameters in the Brooks-Corey equations to be any continuous function of depth. Methodologies for obtaining numerical solutions to the resulting nonlinear partial differential equation and its associated initial-boundary value problem have been developed an dimplemented in a computer program. The numerical solution is based on the Crank-Nicolson method of finite differencing and the …

Manual Of Erosion Control Principles And Practices, Calvin G. Clyde, C. Earl Israelsen, Paul E. Packer, Eugene E. Farmer, Joel E. Fletcher, Eugene K. Israelsen, Frank W. Haws, N. V. Rao, Jay Hansen

Reports

No abstract provided.

Salinity Management Options For The Colorado River. Damage Estimates And Control Program Impacts, F. Bruce Brown, Joel R. Cannon, Ralph C. D'Arge, Larry Eubanks, W. T. Franklin, Charles W. Howe, Ernest B. Jackson, K. L. Leathers, Frank E. Robinson, Don Snyder, Jeffrey T. Young, Robert A. Young

Reports

Rivers draining arid basins increase in salinity content in the downstream area to the point where water users are often significantly damaged. The problem in some cases can be ameliorated by altering upstream water and land use practices. An economic trade off exists between the cost of such upstream efforts and the downstream benefits achieved. This report examines options for salinity management in the Colorado River Basin. The study sought to provide additional information to estimate 1) economic damages caused by various salt concentrations to agricultural and municipal water users and 2) economic costs of salinity control measures by upstream …

Mathematical Modeling Of A Sociological And Hydrologic Decision System, Wade H. Andrews, J. Paul Riley, Malcolm B. Masteller

Reports

The general goal of this study was to develop a functional model of the sociological and related hydrologic elements in flood control decision-making. Conceptual system models were developed for the hydrologic system and for the sociological system. The sociological variables were identified as they related to the steps in the process of the model. Following the conceptual decision process model the social elements of the model were calibrated from data obtained from field studies and mathematical equations were developed and tested. Finally simulations of the process were run. After adjustments were made the model was found to function. Several methodological …

Evaluation Of The Long Term Effects Of Irrigation With Wastewater, James H. Reynolds, M. O. Braun, W. F. Campbell, R. W. Miller, L. R. Anderson

Reports

Introduction: Background: The application of municipal wastewater to the land or using the soil mantle as a wastewater treatment system has been practiced for many years. The history of land application dates back to ancient Athens. Sewage farming or the transportation of wastewater to rural areas for irrigation and disposal was practiced in Eurpose as early as 1559. The practice became fairly widespread in England, France, Germany, Poland, Austria, and the United States during the late 1800's [

Feasibility Of Accelerating Construction Of The Central Utah Project, Trevor C. Hughes, L. Douglas James, Frank Haws, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Introduction: Objective: In April, 1977 the President's statement on water projects recommended that a number of federal water development projects, including the Conneville unit of the Central Utah Project, not be completed. The ensuing efforts of project supporters brought about a review of the projected costs, benefits, and other political, social and environmental factors and consequently, the current issue is not whether or not the project should be constructed. Rather, the objective of this report is to examine the following question: Given the fact that at least the 5 units of the CUP which have already been authorized will eventually …

The Impact Of Energy Resource Development Of Water Resource Allocations, John E. Keith, K. S. Turna, Sumol Padunchai, Rangesan Narayanan

Reports

This research used a linear programming model of the agricultural and energy sectors of Utah to examine the economically efficient allocation of water between agriculture and energy. Data were collected for agricultural returns, costs, and water requirements; energy returns, costs, and water requirements; and water supply costs. Results indicate that if large scale energy development occurs in the Colorado River Basin in Utah, most of irrigated agriculture will be eliminated, given Utah’s consumptive use constraint under the Upper Colorado Rive Compact. On the other hand, for two more “probable” levels of energy development, including the Energy Research and Development Administration’s …

Utah's 1977 Drought, Trevor C. Hughes, Clark Bigler, Jerry Olds, Richard Griffin, Arlo Richardson, L. Douglas James, Norris Stenquist, James Harvey

Reports

The Utah Drought of 1976-1977 has been characterized as the wettest drought in history. It was produced by the driest winter season of record followed by summer rains which were much wetter than normal in many regions of the state. Stream-flow is highly correlated with winter rather than summer precipitation and therefore the most severe impacts of the drought were related to the record low stream-flow during 1977 plus the ski industry impacts which were directly related to 1976-1977 snowfall. Drought impacts upon several sectors of the economy plus the extensive responses of all levels of government in the form …

Vulnerability Of Water Supply Systems To Drought, D. T. Jensen

Reports

The objective of this study is to develop a relatively simple and practical method for improving the availability and reliability of information about droughts to those responsibile for water supply management and planning. The information technique developed provides an objective basis for the selection of wate rsupply management alternatives during periods of drought. The derived drought information can assist water supply planners and managers in identifying priorities among proposed water supply developments fron consideration of water supply vulnerability and exisitng drought severity levels. Two drought indices are developed to achieve the overall objective of the study: (1) the drought severity …

Environmental Quality 1977 - Hillsborough County Florida, A. J. Shaw, R. G. Wilkins, Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission

Reports

Air pollutant sampling was conducted at 87 locations in Hillsborough County during 1977. Location of sampling stations and pollutants sampled are shown on Maps and Tables at end of this Air Section. About 72,000 Air Samples are summarized and detailed in this report.

1901 river, stream, and sewage treatment plant samples were analyzed during 1977 for up to 49 different types of water pollution resulting in 25,421 individual water quality measurements. About one-half of these water quality measurements were generated from Bay or River samples collected at the regular networks. About one-fourth were collected by the sewage treatment plant monitoring …

Cell Quota Growth And Uptake Models Applied To Growth Of Selenastrum Capricornutum, Printz In A Non-Steady State Environment, Kenneth A. Voos, Ronald F. Malone, William J. Grenney

Reports

Recently propsed algal uptake and growth models dependent on the cell quote (Q), the intracellular limiting nutrient to cell population quotient, were analyze and applied to experimental data. The data base used for comparing the models consisted of

Cost Minimization For Coal Conversion Pollution Control: A Mixed Integer Programming Model, Michael F. Torpy, A. Bruce Bishop, Rangesan Narayanan

Reports

A mixed integer program was structured to identify the least cost combination of recycling and treatment alternatives that can be used to control the liquid, solid, and gas waste streams produced from a 750-megawatt coat fired steam electric power plant. The model compared methods of liquid stream recycle and waste discharge treatment to meet given air and water quality standards. The model was then used to study the effects on the optimal solution of changes in capital, operation and maintenance, and energy and water costs. In addition, the effects on optimum system design of changes in particulate and sulfur oxide …

Variantes De Repartition Des Couts Du Programme De Mise En Valeur Du Bassin Du Fleuve Senegal, J. Paul Riley, Jay C. Andersen, A. Bruce Bishop, David S. Bowles, John E. Keith

Reports

No abstract provided.

Cost Allocation Alternatives For The Senegal River Development Program, J. Paul Riley, Jay C. Andersen, A. Bruce Bishop, David S. Bowles, John E. Keith

Reports

The primary purpose of the study reported herein is to present methods for using estimated project benefits as the basis for distributing the capital, oeprating, maintenance, and replacement costs associated with the proposed Senegal River development program. The problem is complicated because the Senegal River is an international stream, so that it is necessary to consider not only the various economic use sectors involved with the program, but also the three separate countries of Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal. In attempting to meet the primary objective stated above, the report proposes an economic model which estimates economic benefits of the development …

Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds In Eutrophic Hyrum Reservoir, Utah, Russell R. Renk, V. Dean Adams, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

Methods of collecting, concentrating, separating, and identifying organic compounds in natural water systems were studied. The most appropriate methods were applied to a eutrophic reservoir (Hyrum Reservoir, Utah) and resulted in the identification of 27 volatile, organic compounds: Alcohols:

Evaluation And Comparison Of Overland Flow And Slow Rate Systems To Upgrade Secondary Wastewater Lagoon Effluent, Michael C. Kemp, Daniel S. Filip, Dennis B. George

Reports

To evaluate the effectiveness of overland flow treatment in upgrading secondary wastewater lagoon effluent, three 15 x 36 m plots on a 2.5 percent slope were constructed and sown for a high density vegetative cover using Reed Canary grass. Wastewater was applied to the upper end of each plot at rates of 7.5, 15, and 22.5 cm/wk. Results from the overland flow system investigation were compared with similar data obtained the preceding year from an existing slow rate land application system on an adjacent site. Secondary effluent from the same lagoon system was applied to the slow rate system study …

Boeing Engineering And Construction; Groundwater And Surface Water Investigation Report, C. Earl Israelsen, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Boeing Engineering and Construction (BEAC) is investigating the feasibility of transporting Utah coal via slurry pipeline to the west coast. Such an investigation requires an abundance of data concerning such things as they availability and quality of water which can be slurried with coal, the location of such water with respect to the deposits of coal, and the ultimate disposal of the water at the pipeline's end.

This study generated a limited amount of new data and gathered existing data and information related to surface and underground water within a 50-mile radius of Emery, Utah, but restricted primarily to the …

The Great Basin Climate Study For Range Fire Management, Kenneth G. Hubbard, Joel E. Fletcher

Reports

The BLM (Bureau of Land Management) fire management personnel routinely use a fire danger computer program to estimate the effects of recent weather upon the fire hazard on the BLM rangeland sites. The program used for this purpose is the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) which was developed by the National Forest Service (Deeming, 1978). The NFDRS was used in conjunction with fire weather stations in the Great Basin for the dual purposes of evaluating the ability of NFDRS to predict fire danger and of determining the effectiveness of the present fire station network in detecting fire weather on …

Hydraulic Characteristics Of Pvc Pipe In Sanitary Sewers (A Report Of Field Measurements), Ronald R. Bishop

Reports

Introduction: Since pipe made of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) is relatively new, its hydraulic characteristics that cause fluid friction head loss are not as well known as those of cast iron and concrete pipe. The lack of universally accepted roughness parameters for PVC pipe is attested by the fact that most textbooks dealing with the hydraulics and the fluid mechanics do not include such values. The hydraulic characteristics of PVC pipe have been measured in the laboratory studies for both open channel flow conditions, Neale and price (1), and for full flow conditions, Jeppson (2). However, no studies are known …

Offshore Pipeline Corridors And Landfalls In Coastal Virginia Volume Two - Appendices, Ann H. Rooney-Char, R. Ayres

Reports

This report is a product the Virginia Coastal Resources Management (CRM) Program. Along with other coastal states, Virginia is preparing a mangement program for coastal land water resources and uses under grants from the Office of Coastal Zone Management (OCZM), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended in 1976, enumerates the elements which coastal states and their political subdivisions must include in their program. This report commences the response of the Comm~nwealth of Virginia to the national concern expressed in Sec. 305(B) (8) of the Act, that …

Offshore Pipeline Corridors And Landfalls In Coastal Virginia Volume One, Ann H. Rooney-Char, R. Ayres

Reports

This report is a product of the Virginia Coastal Resources Management (CRM) Program. Along with other coastal states, Virginia is preparing a management program for coastal land and water resources and uses under grants from the Office of Coastal Zone Management (OCZM), of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended in 1976, enumerates the elements which coastal states and their political subdivisions must include in their program. This report commences the response of the Commonwealth of Virginia to the national concern expressed in Sec. 305(B) (8) of the Act, that is, that states …

Shoreline Situation Report Northumberland County, Lynne C. Morgan, Dennis W. Owen, Margaret H. Peoples, Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

No abstract provided.

Kepone In Bed Sediments Of The James River Estuary, Richard C. Trotman, Maynard N. Nichols

Reports

This report describes procedures and presents data concerning the concentrations of Kepone in bed sediments of the James River estuary, Virginia.

Demonstration Project In Low-Cost Shoreline Erosion Control : Final Report To County Administrator, County Of Accomack, Virginia, Gary L. Anderson, Robert L. Byrne, David W. Byrd, Gary M. Chianakas

Reports

·1ow cost erosion control structures were installed at ten shoreline sites located in the lower Chesapeake Bay and on the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers to further test the applicability of the perched beach concept under diverse littoral environments. The perched beach is achieved via installation of a low sill parallel to the shoreline. The objective of the sill is to provide a partial barrier behind which an elevated (perched) beach is accreted. When successful, ~he perched beach backshore and foreshore acts to reduce the frequency of direct wave attack against the fastland and thereby reducing the erosion rate. In this …

Baltimore Harbor And Channels : Surface Sediments In Virginia Channels, Robert J. Byrne, Robert J. Huggett

Reports

Bottom surface sediment samples in the Virginia Channels portion of the Baltimore Harbor and Channels Project and the four specified disposal sites were obtained and chemically analysed in accordance with DAC W31-78-C-0038. In addition, chemical analyses were performed on 15 sediment samples delivered to us from Maryland.

In total, 90 stations were occupied in Virginia Channels and the four proposed disposal sites for bottom surface sediments for bulk chemical analyses. Samples from the Maryland Channels were supplied by the Maryland Geological Survey. -

Operation Hiflow '78, Rappahannock River Estuary, Virginia, March-April 1978 : An Investigation Of Sediment Influx And Hydrodynamics, Institutions Of The Chesapeake Research Consortium And Sea Grant Programs

Reports

The prime purposes of HIFLOW 78 are to determine: 1. The response of an estuarine system to high river inflow and influx of suspended sediment. 2. The hydrodynamic interactions between a major tributary estuary and the main body of the Chesapeake Bay.