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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Vegetation Change Surrounding Parks And Reserves In Costa Rica From 1990-2000, Olivia Collins May 2014

Vegetation Change Surrounding Parks And Reserves In Costa Rica From 1990-2000, Olivia Collins

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

The objective of this project was to analyze vegetation changes around and within the borders of national parks in Costa Rica over the time period from 1990 to 2014. Edge effects are a common occurrence where two different habitats or ecological communities border one another. The majority of the national parks and reserves in Costa Rica have been placed under protection during the last 35 years. During this time period, tourism in the country has increased as conservation efforts have strengthened. The goal of this analysis is to use Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to determine if conservation of protected …

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Copenhagen: A Case Study Of One Of The Most Sustainable Cities In The World, Sophia Samuels, Altinay Karasapan May 2014

Copenhagen: A Case Study Of One Of The Most Sustainable Cities In The World, Sophia Samuels, Altinay Karasapan

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

Across the globe, people are increasingly feeling the effects of climate change. With fluctuating temperatures, severe weather, and increased droughts and floods, it is time for global leaders to finally take firm action to alleviate these incoming problemsespecially in urban areas where the effects will be the most extreme. One of the global leaders in climate change mitigation is Copenhagen, Denmark. Because Copenhagen is a coastal city, it is especially vulnerable to these climatic changes, and is innovating urban planning to adapt to the severe weather that is likely to come. By improving energy efficiency, water use, and transportation, the …

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Roles Of Community Engagement And Church Leadership In Participatory Forest Management: A Case Study Of Woji Church Forest In Northern Ethiopia, Grey Benjamin May 2014

Roles Of Community Engagement And Church Leadership In Participatory Forest Management: A Case Study Of Woji Church Forest In Northern Ethiopia, Grey Benjamin

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

Research on participatory forest management (PFM) typically involves the study of ownership-use relationships among local communities and state or federal governments. This study examines the management of natural resources by a religious institution--the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church (EOTC)--whose followers protect thousands of small fragments of indigenous Afromontane forest scattered all across Northern Ethiopia. Using social surveys, group discussions, and community mapping we identify differences in norms and forest management activities of three distinct groups--priests, farmers, and women--living in and around Woji Church Forest in Northern Ethiopia. Community members offered a first-hand look into how their religious beliefs and leadership affect …

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Molecular Modeling Of Biological Carbon Fixation, William Lin, Andrew Kim, Scott Hansen May 2014

Molecular Modeling Of Biological Carbon Fixation, William Lin, Andrew Kim, Scott Hansen

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

Biological carbon fixation is primarily catalyzed by one enzyme: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase. We use molecular modeling to explore and elucidate the origin of slow kinetics and poor specificity in this enzyme. We present primary results of correlated motion between the enzyme and the active site.

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Does Bisphenol-A Cause Obesity In Humans?, Xuan Du, Lidia Henderson May 2014

Does Bisphenol-A Cause Obesity In Humans?, Xuan Du, Lidia Henderson

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

This project will analyze the link between bisphenol-A and obesity in humans using epidemiological and toxicological research.

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Modeling Ratios With Potential Zero-Inflation To Assess Soil Nematode Community Structure, Joanna Zbylut, Leigh Murray, S. H. Thomas, J. Beacham, J. Schroeder, C. Fiore Apr 2014

Modeling Ratios With Potential Zero-Inflation To Assess Soil Nematode Community Structure, Joanna Zbylut, Leigh Murray, S. H. Thomas, J. Beacham, J. Schroeder, C. Fiore

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

The southern root-knot nematode (SRKN) and the weedy perennials, yellow nutsedge (YNS) and purple nutsedge (PNS) are simultaneously-occurring pests in the irrigated agricultural soils of southern New Mexico. Previous research has characterized SRKN, YNS and PNS as a mutually beneficial pest complex and has shown their enhanced population growth and survival when they occur together. In addition, it was shown that the density of nutsedge in a field could be used as a predictor of SRKN juveniles in the soil. In addition to SRKN, which is the most harmful of the plant parasitic nematodes, in southern New Mexico other species …

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Developing Prediction Equations For Carcass Lean Mass In The Prescence Of Proportional Measurement Error, Zachary J. Hass, Ziqi Zhou, Bruce A. Craig Apr 2014

Developing Prediction Equations For Carcass Lean Mass In The Prescence Of Proportional Measurement Error, Zachary J. Hass, Ziqi Zhou, Bruce A. Craig

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Published prediction equations for carcass lean mass are widely used by commercial pork producers for carcass valuation. These regression equations have been derived under the assumption that the predictors, such as back fat depth, are measured without error. In practice, however, it is known that these measurements are imperfect, with a variance that is proportional to the mean. In this paper, we consider both a linear and quadratic true relationship and compare regression fits among two methods that account for this error versus simply ignoring the additional error. We show that biased estimates of the relationship result if measurement error …

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Check Based Stability Analysis Method And Its Application To Winter Wheat Variety Trials, Jixiang Wu, Karl Glover, Nathan Mueller Apr 2014

Check Based Stability Analysis Method And Its Application To Winter Wheat Variety Trials, Jixiang Wu, Karl Glover, Nathan Mueller

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Finley-Wilson (FW) regression based stability analysis is highly dependent on the testing varieties and environments being used. In this study, we proposed a check based regression method to determine yield stability. One advantage of this method is its capability to determine yield stability through widely acceptable varieties and thus to provide more meaningful information to evaluate the potential use of new varieties. In addition, with integration a resampling technique, bootstrapping method, yield stability can be compared among different varieties/genotypes from either the same or different testing environments. As a demonstration, we applied this method to analyze the 2009- 2011 winter …

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Use Of The Posterior Predictive Distribution As A Diagnostic Tool For Mixed Models, Matthew Kramer Apr 2014

Use Of The Posterior Predictive Distribution As A Diagnostic Tool For Mixed Models, Matthew Kramer

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

The posterior predictive distribution (the distribution of data simulated from a model) has been used to flag model-data discrepancies in the Bayesian literature, and several approaches have been developed. The approach taken here differs from the others both conceptually and as realized. It works by comparing the "distance" between the data and model (as represented by pseudo-data simulated from a model) with "distance" within the model. The distance within the model is calculated by generating pseudo-data from it, using each set of these pseudo-data to reestimate the model, and then generating pseudo-data from them, matching the way the original data …

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Bayesian Inference For A Covariance Matrix, Ignacio Alvarez, Jarad Niemi, Matt Simpson Apr 2014

Bayesian Inference For A Covariance Matrix, Ignacio Alvarez, Jarad Niemi, Matt Simpson

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Covariance matrix estimation arises in multivariate problems including multivariate normal sampling models and regression models where random effects are jointly modeled, e.g. random-intercept, random-slope models. A Bayesian analysis of these problems requires a prior on the covariance matrix. Here we compare an inverse Wishart, scaled inverse Wishart, hierarchical inverse Wishart, and a separation strategy as possible priors for the covariance matrix. We evaluate these priors through a simulation study and application to a real data set. Generally all priors work well with the exception of the inverse Wishart when the true variance is small relative to prior mean. In this …

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Modeling Sleep And Wake Bouts In Drosophila Melanogaster, Gayla R. Olbricht, V. A. Samaranayake, Sahitya Injamuri, Luyang Wang, Courtney Fiebelman, Matthew S. Thimgan Apr 2014

Modeling Sleep And Wake Bouts In Drosophila Melanogaster, Gayla R. Olbricht, V. A. Samaranayake, Sahitya Injamuri, Luyang Wang, Courtney Fiebelman, Matthew S. Thimgan

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Adequate sleep restores vital processes required for health and well-being; but the function and regulation of sleep is not well understood. Unfortunately, a definition of adequate sleep is unclear. On an hours-long timescale, consolidated and cycling sleep results in better health and performance outcomes. At shorter timescales, older studies report conflicting results regarding the relationship between sleep and wake bout durations. One approach to this problem has been to simply analyze the distribution of bout durations. While informative, this method eliminates the time relationship between bouts, which may be important. Here, we develop a model that describes the relationship between …

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Multivariate Statistical Analysis Of Coleoptera Spectral Reflectance, Sarah E.M. Herberger, Bahaman Shafii, Stephen P. Cook, Christopher J. Williams, William J. Price Apr 2014

Multivariate Statistical Analysis Of Coleoptera Spectral Reflectance, Sarah E.M. Herberger, Bahaman Shafii, Stephen P. Cook, Christopher J. Williams, William J. Price

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

The insect order Coleoptera, commonly known as beetles, comprises 40% of all insects which in turn account for half of all identified animal species alive today. Coleopterans frequently have large elytra (the hardened front wings) that can have a wide range of colors. Spectral reflectance readings from these elytra may be used to uniquely identify coleopteran taxonomic groups. Multiple samples of eleven species of wood boring beetles were selected from the University of Idaho William Barr Entomology Museum. Spectrometer readings for each specimen were then fit to normal distribution mixture models to identify multiple peak reflectance wavelengths. Eighteen prominent peaks …

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Response Of Soybean Yield And Yield Components To Phosphorus Fertilization In South Dakota, Adams Kusi Appiah, Rebecca Helget, Yi Xu, Jixiang Wu Apr 2014

Response Of Soybean Yield And Yield Components To Phosphorus Fertilization In South Dakota, Adams Kusi Appiah, Rebecca Helget, Yi Xu, Jixiang Wu

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Increased demand for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] production for industrial, human, and animal consumption has provided many incentives for farmers and producers to increase their production. In many soils used for soybean production, phosphorus (P) becomes a major limiting factor to soybean growth and grain production. A field experiment was conducted in five locations across Eastern South Dakota in 2013 to study the response of soybean yield and yield components to phosphorus fertilizer applications. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five P levels 0, 20, 40, …

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Editor's Preface And Table Of Contents, Weixing Song Apr 2014

Editor's Preface And Table Of Contents, Weixing Song

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

These proceedings contain papers presented in the twenty-sixth annual Kansas State University Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, held in Manhattan, Kansas, April 27 - April 29, 2014.

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Combustion Products Of Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether Using Synchrotron Photoionization, Rong Yao, Martin Ng, David Osborn, Craig Taatjes, Giovanni Meloni Apr 2014

Combustion Products Of Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether Using Synchrotron Photoionization, Rong Yao, Martin Ng, David Osborn, Craig Taatjes, Giovanni Meloni

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

The photolytically Cl initiated oxidation reaction of ETBE was investigated at the Advanced Light Source located in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Using the multiplex photoionization mass spectrometer data were collected at the low pressure (4-8 Torr) and temperature (298 – 700 K) regimes. Data analysis was performed via characterization of the reaction species photoionization spectra and kinetic traces. A reaction schematic including branching fractions determination is presented and discussed.

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Tapping The Apocalypse & Healing With Intention, Julianne E. Henderson Ms. Apr 2014

Tapping The Apocalypse & Healing With Intention, Julianne E. Henderson Ms.

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

When crisis strikes, practical skills and strategies are critical to one's survival. However, one's positive mentality, relationship with and knowledge of his or her environment, and capacity for compassion when faced with an apocalyptic landscape are just as likely to boost their morale. Maintaining an optimistic consciousness assists human beings with survival, regardless of what level of adversity we face. This research project combines an important skill, which is knowing how to heal oneself naturally with what Nature provides, with the power of our consciousness to determine our success, strength, and overall capacity for withstanding the hurricanes of change.

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Investigation Of Oxidation Reaction Products Of 2-Phenylethanol Using Synchrotron Photoionization, Magaly Wooten, Anthony Medrano, David Osborn, Craig Taatjes, Giovanni J. Meloni Apr 2014

Investigation Of Oxidation Reaction Products Of 2-Phenylethanol Using Synchrotron Photoionization, Magaly Wooten, Anthony Medrano, David Osborn, Craig Taatjes, Giovanni J. Meloni

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

Photolytically Cl-initiated oxidation reaction of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) was carried out at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Using the multiplex photoionization mass spectrometer, coupled with the tunable vacuum ultraviolet radiation of the ALS, data were collected at low pressure (4 – 6 Torr) and temperature (298 – 550 K) regimes. Data analysis was performed via characterization of the reaction species photoionization spectra and kinetic traces.

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Where Did The First Generation Of Stars Form In The Universe, Long Yan Yung, Aparna Venkatesan Apr 2014

Where Did The First Generation Of Stars Form In The Universe, Long Yan Yung, Aparna Venkatesan

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

The first generation of stars in the universe are expected to contain no heavy elements beyond helium, and are considered “metal-free” Population III stars (or Pop III). These metal-free stars in the early universe are predicted to have hard ionizing photon spectra and unique element yields from their supernovae, leaving signatures through the reionization of the intergalactic medium and the metal enrichment of gas in the early universe. Here, we examine the metal abundances in a variety of systems in the nearby universe, from very metal-poor Galactic halo stars to ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and compare them with the latest …

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Microwave Properties Of Magnetic Nanowires Arrays, Daniel Adams Apr 2014

Microwave Properties Of Magnetic Nanowires Arrays, Daniel Adams

Innovate UNO

This study focused on examining high-frequency properties of magnetic nanowire arrays. The microwave was produced by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and transmitted through coplanar waveguides (CPW). The CPWs are 300 µm long with signal line width of 20 µm, ensuring minimum losses due to radiation. CPWs were fabricated through the photolithography process. The magnetic nanowires were fabricated through e-beam lithography on top of the CPW. The VNA was used to feed the CPW and measurements of the FMR absorption allowed us to understand the effect of interaction between nanowires on their dynamic properties.

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First Step Mental Health App, Joshua Martin, James Faraday, Mackenzie Lopez Apr 2014

First Step Mental Health App, Joshua Martin, James Faraday, Mackenzie Lopez

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The goal of this project is to create a tool that provides students at Minnesota State University, Mankato with mental health information through a freely available smartphone application (App). Our approach uses a software engineering design process that focuses on who our customers are, what resources are available, and how we can best connect the two to improve student lives. We identified the stakeholders involved and worked with campus mental health professionals to help shape our App. While there is a broad range of mental health topics, we have focused on materials related to depression. The first process gives the …

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Photomicrograph Analysis Of Marcellus Well-Cuttings From Northeast Pennsylvania, Ethan Shula Apr 2014

Photomicrograph Analysis Of Marcellus Well-Cuttings From Northeast Pennsylvania, Ethan Shula

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Often times, when an oil or gas well is drilled in an area with limited geophysical and mud logs, the geologist or mudlogger describing the drill cuttings may wonder about the veracity of their work. Such an uncertainty may initiate a decrease in the rate of the mudlogging process, or in determining how far drilling has advanced in relation to the target zone. If a descriptive guide containing photomicrographs was available early in the development of a new gas field, mudloggers would be more certain in their analysis of the cuttings. In order to test this idea, a descriptive guide …

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Supernovae Wavelet Spectral Index Method: A Step Toward Precision Cosmology, Andrew J. Wagers, Lifan Wang, Steve Asztalos Apr 2014

Supernovae Wavelet Spectral Index Method: A Step Toward Precision Cosmology, Andrew J. Wagers, Lifan Wang, Steve Asztalos

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

As cosmological probes, Type Ia Supernovae are some of the most useful. These exploding stars are used to measure cosmic distances and are useful to test and refine cosmological models. While SNe Ia are extremely uniform, the need for more precise measurements of the peak magnitude has led to the development of methods to correct current measurements for statistical errors. The work presented here has developed a new method for measuring the strength of spectral lines with a goal of using them as a basis for correcting the measured peak magnitudes. Wavelets were used to decompose the spectra so that …

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A Study Of The Relationship Between Well Cuttings, Geophysical Logs, And Production Data For Select Wells From The Utica Shale, Eastern Ohio, Mitchel S. Goodling Apr 2014

A Study Of The Relationship Between Well Cuttings, Geophysical Logs, And Production Data For Select Wells From The Utica Shale, Eastern Ohio, Mitchel S. Goodling

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

The Utica Shale has been classified as an “unconventional” shale play. In eastern Ohio the Utica Shale play encompasses both the Utica Shale and Point Pleasant Formations. Significant oil and gas reserves have been identified as being present in the Utica Shale play, leading to an increase in exploration and production activity. As of late 2013, numerous horizontal wells have been drilled in eastern Ohio. Drilling, completion, and production records for these wells are required to be submitted to the Ohio DNR, and within a specified period of time are released to the public. To conduct this current study, ODNR …

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An Energy Use And Emissions Inventory Of Cedarville University (2003-2013), Jack Lightbody, Grant Hooper, Heidi Johnson, Jared Klawer, Mark A. Gathany Apr 2014

An Energy Use And Emissions Inventory Of Cedarville University (2003-2013), Jack Lightbody, Grant Hooper, Heidi Johnson, Jared Klawer, Mark A. Gathany

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

The rising cost of fossil fuels has been paralleled by an interest in maximizing efficiency and conservation at all levels (individual to corporate). Amidst this the burning of fossil fuels carries with it concerns regarding the contribution of the resulting emissions to climate change. This has generated interest in energy conservation and the use of renewable energy. In this time period Cedarville University has demonstrated a strong interest in managing its energy use (and associated greenhouse gas emissions) with emphasis on cost effectiveness. Thus, the objective of our study is to analyze Cedarville University’s energy use and carbon emissions from …

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Glacial Origin Of Massie Creek Gorge, Greene County Ohio, Dylan J. Mckevitt Apr 2014

Glacial Origin Of Massie Creek Gorge, Greene County Ohio, Dylan J. Mckevitt

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Massie Creek Gorge is one of several small but impressive canyons in Greene County, Ohio that cut through a typically low-relief landscape. It displays spectacular dolomite cliffs (up to 20 m high), large rockfalls (up to 1800 m3), numerous large potholes (up to >5 m wide and >7 m high), a dry valley branching off the main channel with a resultant bedrock island (≈30,000 m2 in area) and two boulder bars on its lee side (the largest ≈13.5 m thick). Short, dry side canyons are cut to the same depth as the main drainage and sometimes contain …

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Developing Criteria For Identifying Fossil Raindrop Prints, April Menendez Apr 2014

Developing Criteria For Identifying Fossil Raindrop Prints, April Menendez

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Raindrop imprints have been identified many times in the rock record as stated in papers by Rindsberg, Shul’ga 2004 and Kahle 2009. However, there is a question of whether those raindrops have been determined accurately or if the spherical depressions are caused by some other occurrence. Studies by Twenhofel have been done that describe raindrop prints in modern sediment, and the research conducted during this project continues to broaden that field of information. During this research project, experiments were carried out to collect the appearance of raindrop prints in sand, both wet and dry. After photographs of the imprints were …

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Tree Biomass And Carbon Storage In An Old Growth Forest In Southeastern Ohio, Adam Levesque, Christina Gall, Doug Fox, Karen Washburne, Sam Scherneck, Mark A. Gathany Apr 2014

Tree Biomass And Carbon Storage In An Old Growth Forest In Southeastern Ohio, Adam Levesque, Christina Gall, Doug Fox, Karen Washburne, Sam Scherneck, Mark A. Gathany

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Recently there has been increased interest in determining the baseline levels of carbon storage in different ecosystems, because of greater concern over the issue of global climate change and increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. With a better understanding of carbon sequestration in various ecosystems, we can use land in a more environment-conscious way, and negative human impacts on the earth can be decreased. Forest ecosystems are especially important, because they have an immense capacity to store carbon as compared to other ecosystems. The majority of carbon sequestered in forest ecosystems is contained in tree biomass, but there is also carbon contained …

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2014 Symposium Overview, Cedarville University Apr 2014

2014 Symposium Overview, Cedarville University

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Click the "Download" button in the top right corner to view the abstract booklet.

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Analysis Of Quartz Grain Deformation Along The Llanganuco Canyon Of The Cordillera Blanca Fault, Peru, Tami Laurene Banks Apr 2014

Analysis Of Quartz Grain Deformation Along The Llanganuco Canyon Of The Cordillera Blanca Fault, Peru, Tami Laurene Banks

EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement

No abstract provided.

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Sensitivity Analysis Of A Photosynthesis-Stomatal Resistance Model, Gabriel A. Garcia Apr 2014

Sensitivity Analysis Of A Photosynthesis-Stomatal Resistance Model, Gabriel A. Garcia

EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement

Abstract/Poster

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