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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 69093

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Investigating Factors Contributing To Differences In Air Pollutants Between Metropolitan Areas In The Us, Ellen Hu Jan 2024

Investigating Factors Contributing To Differences In Air Pollutants Between Metropolitan Areas In The Us, Ellen Hu

Scripps Senior Theses

Densely populated regions around the United States exhibit varying concentrations of air pollutants that can impact the health of urban populations and surrounding ecosystems. Understanding why these differences exist can be important in addressing health issues as the human population continues to increase and communities across the globe move to accommodate these trends. To investigate the impact of natural processes and anthropogenic sources on pollutant concentrations, EPA daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) pollutant concentrations from seven metropolitan regions across the US for 2018-2022 were used. A Spearman Rank-Order …

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A Road Map For Place Based Collaboration For Conflict Reduction, Joseph L. Zecher Jan 2024

A Road Map For Place Based Collaboration For Conflict Reduction, Joseph L. Zecher

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

No abstract provided.

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Interannual Growth-Climate Relationships Of Western Larch After Wildfire In The Northwest, Junior Burks Jan 2024

Interannual Growth-Climate Relationships Of Western Larch After Wildfire In The Northwest, Junior Burks

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Montane and mixed-conifer forests in the northwestern United States are burning at rates greater than any time in recent decades, due to the combined impacts of global warming and historical and contemporary land use and land management. Western larch (Larix occidentalis) is a tree of high regional significance, exhibiting a variety of traits that make it resistant and resilient to fire. Because seedlings are more sensitive to environmental stressors than adults, the impacts of climate change are expected to be detectable first in juvenile trees. Recent research shows that the natural regeneration of western larch after wildfires has …

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Effects Of El Nino And Sunspot Cycles On Global And Reginal Climate, August Nathan Tolzman Jan 2024

Effects Of El Nino And Sunspot Cycles On Global And Reginal Climate, August Nathan Tolzman

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Sunspots and El Nino affect the interannual variability of temperature on earth. Separately there is a positive relationship between higher sunspots and warmer temperatures or more intense El Nino and warmer temperatures globally and in Missoula. This is with the bias of climate change removed. Putting these two processes together it is expected that when intense El Ninos and high sunspots happen in the same year there will be warmer temperatures. This was not the case, there was no data to support that putting these to processes together makes them more or less intense.

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Evaluating Land Cover Change And Opportunities For Bioenergy Crop Development On Surface Mine Sites In West Virginia, U.S.A., Kenzie D. Kohrs Jan 2024

Evaluating Land Cover Change And Opportunities For Bioenergy Crop Development On Surface Mine Sites In West Virginia, U.S.A., Kenzie D. Kohrs

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Surface mining can impact land cover, forests, and water quality. Current reclamation strategies include revegetation with herbaceous species due to the ease and speed of cover establishment. Herbaceous and woody biomass crops have been used in various studies to reclaim surface mines and act as an alternative to nonrenewable energy sources. The objectives of this study were to quantify the state of vegetation growth on former surface mines in West Virginia over a 9-year period and identify suitable acreage for bioenergy production. During 2011 to 2020, we found that over 40,000 acres had been converted to forest and 40,000 acres …

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Global Analysis Of The Neutron Magnetic Form Factor, Joseph P. Jayne Jan 2024

Global Analysis Of The Neutron Magnetic Form Factor, Joseph P. Jayne

Honors Theses and Capstones

Protons and neutrons, the nucleons, are made up of smaller particles called quarks. Nucleons have three valence quarks, which are the dominant contributors to its properties, as well as sea quarks (quark-antiquark pairs) and gluons. The distribution of the charge and magnetization of these particles is described by the electric and magnetic form factors. These form factors can be measured with scattering experiments since they directly affect the particle’s cross section. Neutron form factors are challenging to measure because a pure neutron target will decay very fast and is not viable for experiments. Instead, targets like 2H and 3H are …

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Instances Of Undecidability In The Semigroup Word Problem, Timothy C. Grosky Jan 2024

Instances Of Undecidability In The Semigroup Word Problem, Timothy C. Grosky

Honors Theses and Capstones

We will examine the decidability of the word problem in semigroups, which is a yes/no question. We will examine tools that have been developed to help answer it, and then look at some examples where the word problem is decidable or undecidable.

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Mining Contamination Of Legacy Deposits On Floodplains Along Turkey Creek, Western Border Of The Ozark Highlands, Hannah Riley Eades Jan 2024

Mining Contamination Of Legacy Deposits On Floodplains Along Turkey Creek, Western Border Of The Ozark Highlands, Hannah Riley Eades

MSU Graduate Theses

Historical mining activities in the Tri State mining district in Southwest Missouri from 1850 to 1950 resulted in widespread metal contamination of stream sediments. Beginning in the 1840s, land disturbances associated with Euro-American settlement and agricultural expansion increased runoff and soil erosion rates resulting in the deposition of contaminated alluvium or legacy sediment on floodplains. This study assesses zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) contaminated legacy deposits in cut-bank exposures along floodplains in Turkey Creek Watershed (119 km²) which drained mining areas in Missouri. Ore production histories were used date metal contamination profiles and calculate floodplain deposition rates in legacy deposits. …

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Road Extraction On Remote Sensing Imagery: Historical Mapping Of The Brazilian Amazon, Jonas Paiva Botelho Jr Jan 2024

Road Extraction On Remote Sensing Imagery: Historical Mapping Of The Brazilian Amazon, Jonas Paiva Botelho Jr

MSU Graduate Theses

This work proposes an artificial intelligence model based on U-Net architecture to map road networks in the Brazilian Amazon. Over the years, the Amazon region has been heavily exploited, leading to increased deforestation rates, contributing to CO2 emissions, amplifying global warming, and causing a disturbance in local fauna and flora. The expansion into the forest by illegal miners, loggers, and land grabbers can be tracked down by the construction of roads, which we can refer to as the arteries of deforestation. Previous works on the matter proposed algorithms that use high-resolution imagery to map roads precisely. However, this work approach …

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Backgrounds Study And Ai-Powered Waveform Processing For Legend Experiment, Laxman Paudel Jan 2024

Backgrounds Study And Ai-Powered Waveform Processing For Legend Experiment, Laxman Paudel

Dissertations and Theses

Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (0$\nu \beta \beta $) is a presumed rare nuclear decay process and is considered the most promising way to prove the Majorana nature of neutrinos, that is, neutrinos are their own antiparticles. The discovery of \zero decay would also enhance our understanding of nuclear physics, astrophysical observations, and physical processes in the early Universe. The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (LEGEND) is a phased $^{\mathrm{76}}$Ge-based 0$\nu \beta \beta $ decay experimental program, aiming for the discovery potential of a half-life of 0$\nu \beta \beta $ beyond 10$^{\mathrm{28}}$ years. The first phase, LEGEND-200, comprises 200 …

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Subsurface Mapping Of Intra-Arbuckle Shale In North-West Kansas Using Well Log Data, Cole M. Denny Jan 2024

Subsurface Mapping Of Intra-Arbuckle Shale In North-West Kansas Using Well Log Data, Cole M. Denny

Master's Theses

The aim of this research was to enhance knowledge of Intra-Arbuckle Shale (IAS) distribution and structure through new maps, cross sections, and well log correlations. Understanding the shale(s) ultimately advances the discernment of complex Arbuckle reservoirs that are critical to the Kansas petroleum industry. IAS has been intercepted by oil wells throughout Kansas, but this study focuses on their presence in portions of Ellis, Rooks, Graham, and Trego counties. To study the distribution and structure of IAS, data from micro-resistivity and gamma ray well logs were collected from more than three hundred Arbuckle oil and gas wells. On each well …

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Examining The Relationship Between Students’ Home Environment And Math Test Scores, Autumn Michlig Jan 2024

Examining The Relationship Between Students’ Home Environment And Math Test Scores, Autumn Michlig

Master of Science in Mathematics

This research study examined the relationship between a student’s home environment and their STAR math score by investigating 9 home environment variables. It also examines the best model to predict STAR score from the 9 home environment variables while controlling for the covariate, prior STAR score. The results being that including the covariate in the 9 predictor model was a statistically significant improvement over not including the covariate. However, the best model to predict STAR score was a model that only included the covariate and one variable, number of people living in house(s). Furthermore, when investigating the 9 variables, it …

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An Expository Analysis Of The Theorem: Every Integer Greater Than Two Is The Sum Of A Prime And A Square-Free Number, Kurt Mckenzie Jan 2024

An Expository Analysis Of The Theorem: Every Integer Greater Than Two Is The Sum Of A Prime And A Square-Free Number, Kurt Mckenzie

Master of Science in Mathematics

The thesis focuses on a relatively recent theorem (2017) contributed by Adrian Dudek to the field of Number Theory. It states that every integer greater than two can be represented as a sum of a prime and a square-free number. This result immediately attracts attention since it bears similarities with the famous and not yet proved Goldbach’s Conjecture, namely that every even number larger than two can be represented as a sum of two primes. The expository analysis aims to understand the theorem in the general setting of the Additive Number Theory, the method of proof and previous results on …

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An Exploratory Study: Determining Significant Predictors Of Academic Success On The Ohio State End Of Course Assessment In Algebra 1 For Students With Learning Disabilities And Students Identified As Gifted, Nicholas Sesonsky, Jonathan Mccullough Jan 2024

An Exploratory Study: Determining Significant Predictors Of Academic Success On The Ohio State End Of Course Assessment In Algebra 1 For Students With Learning Disabilities And Students Identified As Gifted, Nicholas Sesonsky, Jonathan Mccullough

Master of Science in Mathematics

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, hybrid and online instruction have become more prominent formats in the educational system. This study aimed to focus specifically on students with learning disabilities and students who are identified as gifted. Based on these two subpopulations and prior literature, instructional method, class size, attendance rate, and prior academic performance were selected as potential impactful measures of students' academic success. Academic success for this study was based on the Algebra 1 Ohio State End of Course Assessment while prior academic performance was based on the Seventh-Grade Ohio State End of Course Assessment, and Ohio’s School Report Card …

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"The Effect Of Students’ Place Of Residence, Length Of Time In A District, Race, And Ses On Academic And Behavioral Success", Andrew King Jan 2024

"The Effect Of Students’ Place Of Residence, Length Of Time In A District, Race, And Ses On Academic And Behavioral Success", Andrew King

Master of Science in Mathematics

This study intended to determine if place of residence, length of time in a district, race, and socioeconomic status were statistically significant predictors of academic success and disciplinary issues. The study took place in the Mississinawa Valley School District, a small district in western Ohio consisting of a mix of students from both rural and urban/suburban areas. Existing literature on districts comprising rural and urban portions was missing, allowing this study to fill a gap in research. A sample of 2,002 students from the school from 2008 to 2023 was analyzed to answer two primary research questions. Three separate multiple …

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Are Prior Academic Achievement, Attendance, Athletic Participation, And Demographics Significant Predictors On Iowa State Assessment Performance?, David Jabs Jan 2024

Are Prior Academic Achievement, Attendance, Athletic Participation, And Demographics Significant Predictors On Iowa State Assessment Performance?, David Jabs

Master of Science in Mathematics

This research study examined if prior academic achievement, attendance, athletic participation and demographics were significant factors of IOWA State Assessment scores. The findings indicated that there were three significant factors. The three factors that were significant were prior IOWA State Assessment Scores, the number of tardies and the current GPA. This research study took place at a small private school in Cleveland Heights, OH. The analysis was completed by three different approaches. The first was a multiple regression analysis which determined the three factors already mentioned. A correlation study and an independent sample t-test were also performed. This research is …

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Does Grade Level Acceleration In Math Increase Act Testing Performance When Controlling For Other Factors In One School System?, Stephen Hubek Jan 2024

Does Grade Level Acceleration In Math Increase Act Testing Performance When Controlling For Other Factors In One School System?, Stephen Hubek

Master of Science in Mathematics

School districts across the country are currently in the debate on how to properly accelerate students in math. In the Pleasant Local School District students in this study were accelerated through the method of grade level acceleration starting in their 6th grade year in math. This acceleration involves skipping grade levels in math based on a student’s abilities in math and classroom performance. Accelerated students in Pleasant Local Schools complete Algebra 2 via the high school curriculum and then move to CCP courses to complete through Calculus if they choose. The purpose of this study is to answer the question: …

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The Effects Of Tree Cover And Urban Greenspace On Covid-19 Severity In Seattle, Wa, Kristin Harpster Jan 2024

The Effects Of Tree Cover And Urban Greenspace On Covid-19 Severity In Seattle, Wa, Kristin Harpster

Master of Science in Mathematics

This thesis explores the relationship between urban greenspace and forestry and COVID-19 severity in Seattle, Washington. Urban greenspace and forestry has been shown to play an important role in reducing air pollution, which can exacerbate COVID-19 severity. Community demographics have been shown to affect the greenspace-health relationship, therefore demographic information was included in the study. Four logistic models were created to examine the relationship between urban greenspace and forestry and COVID-19 severity. Two models examined the relationship between greenspace and COVID-19 hospitalizations and mortality respectively. A further two models included community demographics as predictor variables. The findings indicated that tree …

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Effectiveness Of Corequisite Remediation: A Study On Introductory Statistics And College Algebra, Sydney Crawford, Sarah Grimm Jan 2024

Effectiveness Of Corequisite Remediation: A Study On Introductory Statistics And College Algebra, Sydney Crawford, Sarah Grimm

Master of Science in Mathematics

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of remediation in Introduction to Statistics and College Algebra at Shawnee State University (SSU). Focusing on students with an ACT score ranging from 15-17, this study examines the effectiveness of corequisite courses to see if these courses improve student success rates compared to prerequisite courses. The background of this study is rooted by the ongoing effort of colleges and universities to enhance student success by implementing different instructional strategies, such as corequisite remediation. Logistic regression techniques were used to analyze successful completion of gateway courses as an outcome of different …

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Factors Affecting Standardized Test Scores: Internal And External Factors In Ohio School Districts, Denise Layne Jan 2024

Factors Affecting Standardized Test Scores: Internal And External Factors In Ohio School Districts, Denise Layne

Master of Science in Mathematics

The focus of this study was the internal and external school district factors that influence standardized test scores within the state of Ohio. This study also looked at differences in school characteristics between income classes as well as the current Black-White achievement gap in Ohio. The topics and analyses in this study were based off James Coleman’s 1966 report titled Equality of Educational Opportunity. Data was collected from public online databases, and all Ohio school districts with sufficient data were used. Findings regarding factors that influence test scores suggest that external school district factors play a larger role in test …

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Predicting Academic Achievement From Extracurricular Engagement And Sense Of Belonging, Nathan Corum Jan 2024

Predicting Academic Achievement From Extracurricular Engagement And Sense Of Belonging, Nathan Corum

Master of Science in Mathematics

This research study examined the relationships between extracurricular activity engagement, a student’s sense of belonging to school and academic achievement. Research was conducted at a suburban high school in Ohio, with data being collected from student surveys and district provided informational data. The goal was to see if there were positive connections between these items to better help the district in determining further programs to improve student achievement. Findings indicated that sense of belonging was a significant predictor of academic achievement for the sample. However, extracurricular engagement was not found to be a significant predictor of academic achievement. Further, there …

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Cognitive Processes, Self-Efficacy, And Environment: A Comprehensive Study Of Mathematics Achievement In A Private International School In China, Alexandra Bumbles, Abreu Carvalho Jan 2024

Cognitive Processes, Self-Efficacy, And Environment: A Comprehensive Study Of Mathematics Achievement In A Private International School In China, Alexandra Bumbles, Abreu Carvalho

Master of Science in Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the complex interplay between cognitive processes, self-efficacy, and environmental factors on academic achievement in mathematics within a private international school in China. Utilizing the Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework, this research aimed to elucidate the extent to which these factors serve as significant predictors of mathematics achievement. The study involved a sample of 410 students from Years 6 to 12, with data collected through While the study provides substantial insights, several limitations were noted, including the restricted generalizability due to the specific sample, potential biases from self-reported data, and the …

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The Influence Of Early Introduction To Algebra On Mathematics Achievement In A Rural School District In Ohio, Brittany Burns Jan 2024

The Influence Of Early Introduction To Algebra On Mathematics Achievement In A Rural School District In Ohio, Brittany Burns

Master of Science in Mathematics

Algebra I is a foundation for mathematical learning. The timing of enrollment is arguably a massive factor in mathematical success. The timing in which a student enrolls in Algebra I could shape their future in education and their career. This thesis examines the effects of 8th grade Algebra I enrollment versus 9th-grade Algebra enrollment regarding standardized test scores. The research finds that students perform higher on standardized test scores when they enroll in Algebra I in the 8th grade in comparison to students who enroll in Algebra I in the 9th grade. This finding is beneficial for the ultimate …

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Gridiron Insights: Predicting Gameday Outcomes Through Regression Analysis In College Football, Ethan Reyes, Justin Beal Jan 2024

Gridiron Insights: Predicting Gameday Outcomes Through Regression Analysis In College Football, Ethan Reyes, Justin Beal

Master of Science in Mathematics

This research investigates the predictive power of the changes in spread, over/under betting lines, and home field advantage in determining whether the favored team in a college football betting market will cover the spread. The study examines three key factors: the change in the betting spread, the change in the over/under line, and the home-field advantage of the favored team. Using a comprehensive dataset of betting data from Draft Kings and Bovada, the study uses logistical regression techniques to analyze the relationship between these variables and the favored team’s performance against the spread. Our findings indicate that fluctuations in the …

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The Influence Of Teacher Experience On Project Lead The Way Test Scores, Emily Schmitz Jan 2024

The Influence Of Teacher Experience On Project Lead The Way Test Scores, Emily Schmitz

Master of Science in Mathematics

roject Lead the Way (PLTW) is an organization that develops engineering curriculum for all grade levels. Research has been conducted on the curriculum and other STEM curriculum to determine student achievement levels and the factors that affect student achievement. These factors include teacher retention, teacher years of experience, student demographics, etc. Investigating how a teacher impacts their students learning can help schools understand the value of a seasoned teacher. With PLTW training having high costs it can make teacher retention a bigger concern. The Highland Prep Academies utilize PLTW curriculum and have about ten trained teachers across the three schools. …

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Empirically Comparing The Performance Of Lda And Qda When Classifying Customer Sales Data With Different Properties Of Normality And Equality Of Covariance Matrices, Ayuk Egbe Bate-Eya Jan 2024

Empirically Comparing The Performance Of Lda And Qda When Classifying Customer Sales Data With Different Properties Of Normality And Equality Of Covariance Matrices, Ayuk Egbe Bate-Eya

Master of Science in Mathematics

Discriminant analysis is a statistical technique used to classify data into different classes. Many studies have compared different methods used to classify data as regards their performance. This study compares Linear Discriminant Analysis and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis under varying conditions of normality and the equality of covariance matrices. More precisely, this study seeks to determine which of the two techniques is better when classifying datasets with different properties of normality and equality of covariance matrices and aims to determine whether normality and equality of covariance matrices influence the prediction performance of each method. This study processes online stores’ customer sales …

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Analyzing Significant Predictors Of Graduation Rates At A Four- Year University, Charles Barrier Jr. Jan 2024

Analyzing Significant Predictors Of Graduation Rates At A Four- Year University, Charles Barrier Jr.

Master of Science in Mathematics

The subject of graduation rates is important for both students and educational institutions alike. Students want to attend a university where they are most likely to graduate, and institutions want to provide a learning environment that is best suited for retention and graduation. This study analyzes the data of 2139 students from Shawnee State University in Portsmouth, Ohio to determine if there exist any significant predictors of graduation likelihood amongst demographic, situational, and academic predictors. A logistic regression approach is utilized to identify significant variables, and in short, high school GPA rises to the top as a predictor. This implies …

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The Influence Of Wealth On Academic Performance In Secondary Schools, Dean Banziger Jan 2024

The Influence Of Wealth On Academic Performance In Secondary Schools, Dean Banziger

Master of Science in Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to determine if wealth and financial investment in public education within communities plays a significant role in the academic performance of students in West Virginia secondary schools. West Virginia is an interesting example of academic success relative to the wealth of the state. The state of West Virginia has the third highest poverty rate (17.9%) and the second lowest Gross Domestic Product per capita of all fifty states and the District of Columbia (World Population Review, 2022). West Virginia ranks dead last in average SAT scores (College Board, 2022). This study seeks to determine …

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Using Environmental Dna Methods For Estimating Juvenile Chinook Salmon Abundance, Jacqueline Marie Bridegum Jan 2024

Using Environmental Dna Methods For Estimating Juvenile Chinook Salmon Abundance, Jacqueline Marie Bridegum

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

In the Central Valley of California, stocks of Chinook Salmon are declining, and two out of the four ecotypes of Chinook Salmon within the Sacramento River system are federally listed. A monitoring network has been developed to estimate the abundances of downstream migrating Chinook Salmon smolts, but there is high uncertainty in these estimates due to low catch rates. Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring, which involves capture of genetic material that organisms release into their surrounding environment, has shown promise for estimating abundance of salmonids and could complement existing monitoring efforts and potentially reduce uncertainty in abundance estimates. This research project …

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Synthesis Of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Of Coinage Metals And Their Application In The Activation Of Hydrogen, Maryam Akramova Jan 2024

Synthesis Of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Of Coinage Metals And Their Application In The Activation Of Hydrogen, Maryam Akramova

Honors Projects

The main cause of the ongoing global climate crisis is the emission of greenhouse gases, and current climate reports emphasize the need to transition to low-emission renewable energy sources. Urgently needed are methods for storing renewable energy, such as synthetic fuels like hydrogen (H2) gas; however, a challenge to the widespread implementation of hydrogen fuel is its low volumetric energy density. This thesis describes an effort to synthesize a catalyst that takes advantage of hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) mismatches to activate H2 and facilitate its reaction with CO2 to form hydrocarbon fuels, thereby providing a sustainable means …

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