Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Runtime And Language Support For Compiling Adaptive Irregular Programs On Distributed Memory Machines, Yuan-Shin Hwang, Bongki Moon, Shamik D. Sharma, Ravi Ponnusamy

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

In many scientific applications, arrays containing data are indirectly indexed through indirection arrays. Such scientific applications are called irregular programs and are a distinct class of applications that require special techniques for parallelization. This paper presents a library called CHAOS, which helps users implement irregular programs on distributed-memory message-passing machines, such as the Paragon, Delta, CM-5 and SP-1. The CHAOS library provides efficient runtime primitives for distributing data and computation over processors; it supports efficient index translation mechanisms and provides users high-level mechanisms for optimizing communication. CHAOS subsumes the previous PARTI library and supports a larger class of applications. In …

Cluster Computing Review, Mark Baker, Geoffrey C. Fox, Hon W. Yau

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

In the past decade there has been a dramatic shift from mainframe or ‘host−centric’ computing to a distributed ‘client−server’ approach. In the next few years this trend is likely to continue with further shifts towards ‘network−centric’ computing becoming apparent. All these trends were set in motion by the invention of the mass−reproducible microprocessor by Ted Hoff of Intel some twenty−odd years ago. The present generation of RISC microprocessors are now more than a match for mainframes in terms of cost and performance. The long−foreseen day when collections of RISC microprocessors assembled together as a parallel computer could out perform the …

Parallel Remapping Algorithms For Adaptive Problems, Chao Wei Ou, Sanjay Ranka

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

In this paper we present fast parallel algorithms for remapping a class of irregular and adaptive problems on coarse-grained distributed memory machines. We show that the remapping of these applications, using simple index-based mapping algorithm, can be reduced to sorting a nearly sorted list of integers or merging an unsorted list of integers with a sorted list of integers. By using the algorithms we have developed, the remapping of these problems can be achieved at a fraction of the cost of mapping from scratch. Experimental results are presented on the CM-5.

High Performance Distributed Computing, Geoffrey C. Fox

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC) is driven by the rapid advance of two related technologies -- those underlying computing and communications, respectively. These technology pushes are linked to application pulls, which vary from the use of a cluster of some 20 workstations simulating fluid flow around an aircraft, to the complex linkage of several hundred million advanced PCs around the globe to deliver and receive multimedia information. The review of base technologies and exemplar applications is followed by a brief discussion of software models for HPDC, which are illustrated by two extremes -- PVM and the conjectured future World Wide …

Software Tool Evaluation Methodology, Salim Hariri, Sung Yong Park, Rajashekar Reddy, Mahesh Subramanyan

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

The recent development of parallel and distributed computing software has introduced a variety of software tools that support several programming paradigms and languages. This variety of tools makes the selection of the best tool to run a given class of applications on a parallel or distributed system a non-trivial task that requires some investigation. We expect tool evaluation to receive more attention as the deployment and usage of distributed systems increases. In this paper, we present a multi-level evaluation methodology for parallel/distributed tools in which tools are evaluated from different perspectives. We apply our evaluation methodology to three message passing …

Communication Strategies For Out-Of-Core Programs On Distributed Memory Machines, Rajesh Bordawekar, Alok Choudhary

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

In this paper, we show that communication in the out-of-core distributed memory problems requires both inter-processor communication and file I/O. Given that primary data structures reside in files, even communication requires I/O. Thus, it is important to optimize the I/O costs associated with a communication step. We present three methods for performing communication in out-of-core distributed memory problems. The first method, termed as the “out-of-core“communication method, follows a loosely synchronous model. Computation and Communication phases in this case are clearly separated, and communication requires permutation of data in files. The second method, termed as”demand-driven-in-core communication” considers only communication required of …

High Performance Fortran And Possible Extensions To Support Conjugate Gradient Algorithms, K. Dincer, Ken Hawick, Alok Choudhary, Geoffrey C. Fox

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

We evaluate the High-Performance Fortran (HPF) language for the compact expression and efficient implementation of conjugate gradient iterative matrix-solvers on High Performance Computing and Communications(HPCC) platforms. We discuss the use of intrinsic functions, data distribution directives and explicitly parallel constructs to optimize performance by minimizing communications requirements in a portable manner. We focus on implementations using the existing HPF definitions but also discuss issues arising that may influence a revised definition for HPF-2. Some of the codes discussed are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.npac.syr.edu/hpfa/ alongwith other educational and discussion material related to applications in HPF.

Exploiting High Performance Fortran For Computational Fluid Dynamics, Volume 919, Ken Hawick, Geoffrey C. Fox

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

We discuss the High Performance Fortran data parallel programming language as an aid to software engineering and as a tool for exploiting High Performance Computing systems for computational uid dynamics applications. We discuss the use of intrinsic functions, data distribution directives and explicitly parallel constructs to optimize performance by minimizing communications requirements in a portable manner. In particular we use an implicit method such as the ADI algorithm to illustrate the major issues. We focus on regular mesh problems, since these can be efficiently represented by the existing HPF definition, but also discuss issues arising from the use of irregular …

The Use Of The National Information Infrastructure And High Performance Computers In Industry, Geoffrey C. Fox, Wojtek Furmanski

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

We divide potential NII (National Information Infrastructure) services into five broad areas: Collaboration and televirtuality; InfoVISiON (Information, Video, Imagery, and Simulation on Demand), and digital libraries; commerce; metacomputing; WebTop productivity services. The latter denotes the broad suite of tools we expect to be offered on the Web in a general environment we term WebWindows. We review current and future World Wide Web technologies, which could underlie these services. In particular, we suggest an integration framework WebWork for High Performance (parallel and distributed) computing and the NII. We point out that pervasive WebWork and WebWindows technologies will enable, facilitate and substantially …

Supporting Irregular Distributions Using Data-Parallel Languages, Ravi Ponnusamy, Yuan-Shin Hwang, Raja Das, Alok Choudhary, Geoffrey Fox

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

Languages such as Fortran D provide irregular distribution schemes that can efficiently support irregular problems. Irregular distributions can also be emulated in HPF. Compilers can incorporate runtime procedures to automatically support these distributions.

Basic Issues And Current Status Of Parallel Computing -- 1995, Geoffrey C. Fox

Northeast Parallel Architecture Center

The best enterprises have both a compelling need pulling them forward and an innovative technological solution pushing them on. In high-performance computing, we have the need for increased computational power in many applications and the inevitable long-term solution is massive parallelism. In the short term, the relation between pull and push may seem unclear as novel algorithms and software are needed to support parallel computing. However, eventually parallelism will be present in all computers -- including those in your children's video game, your personal computer or workstation, and the central supercomputer.

Maine Waste Management : 20 Years Of Progress, Mark Sullivan

Maine Collection

Maine Waste Management : 20 Years of Progress

by Mark Sullivan

A publication of the Maine State Planning Office, August 1995.

Contents: An Achievement All Mainers Share / History / Accomplishments / Waste Reduction / Reuse / Recycling / Composting / Incineration & Waste-To-Energy / Land Disposal / Future Direction

Evidence For A Relation Between A White Perch Young-Of-The-Year Index And Indices Of Later Life Stages, Thomas C. Mosca Iii, Herbert M. Austin, David M. Plotner

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Juvenile indices are employed in fisheries management to predict the future abundance of harvestable adults. Frequently, regulations on the utilization of the resource, and a lack of fishery independent abundance data, make verification of the prediction accuracy impossible. In the case of white perch in Virginia, this is not so. Using the weighting system developed for a Chesapeake Bay-wide index of juvenile striped bass abundance based on summertime beach seine data collected in nursery ground waters, we developed a similar index for white perch in the Virginia portion of the Bay. Regressions against Virginia Institute of Marine Science otter trawl …

The Precarious State Of The Chesapeake Public Oyster Resource, William J. Hargis Jr., Dexter S. Haven

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The 243,000 acres of Virginia's public oyster reefs (a.k.a. the Baylor Grounds) have been extremely productive of usable and saleable (market .md seed) oysters (Crassostrea virginica), oyster shells and oyster shell by-products. Archaeological remains and historical records show that they have yielded great numbers of whole oysters, oyster meats, oyster "seed" and shell since the 01esapeake was formed some 3,000 years BP. In the last century their natural productivity, as indicated by commercial harvest records (the only long-term data available), has declined markedly. In 1904, Vrrginia's total market (adult) oyster harvest was about 7.6 million bushels (mostly from public grounds). …

Geologic Map Of Morrill County, Nebraska, James B. Swinehart, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

Morrill County, Nebraska, is perhaps the most geologically interesting county in the panhandle of Nebraska. Surficial deposits of alluvium, colluvium, loess, and eolian sand of Quaternary age cover large parts of the county. Holocene and latest Pleistocene(?) eolian sand as much as 150 It thick covers much of the area north of North Platte Valley and mantles Quaternary alluvial deposits to the south. A thin veneer of loess overlies bedrock in the uplands of the southern part of the county. Alluvium underlies the valley floors and caps river and stream terraces. Two units of older Quaternary alluvium are exposed in …

Nonequilibrium Dynamic Conductivity Of Superconductors: An Exploitable Basis For High Energy Resolution X-Ray Detectors, Armen Gulian, D. Van Vechten

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

A new design for high‐energy radiation/particle detectors is presented. The nonequilibrium response of a superconductor to the absorption of the incident quanta is sensed by electromagnetic measurements of the altered dynamic conductivity. Microwave absorption may be used to amplify the signal. Such a detector will provide better energy resolution than semiconducting charge‐collection devices once the statistical resolution limit is reached.

Energy-Loss Particle Identification In 2-D Silicon Drift Detectors, G. Douglas Maudlin, A. A. Rollefson, Wilfred J. Braithwaite

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A relatively new type of transducer known as the Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) has been fabricated onto thin silicon wafers. SDD operates like a miniature, high-resolution, 2-D Time-projection chamber. One of these devices can detect two dimensions of an ionizing particle's position, and its integrated electrical charge output level isproportional to the particle's energy loss through the silicon. An array ofSDD's, arranged in three coaxial cylinders, is being considered as part of an instrument surrounding the beam pipe of highly-relativistic colliding beam facility, where it would be used to simultaneously track individual paths of thousands of charged particles emerging from …

Using Fritiof To Model Nucleus-Nucleus Interactions In A Cosmic Ray Detector, Carlos A. Sanchez, Kazuhiko Murai, Donald C. Wold

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Ascintillating optical fiber calorimeter (SOFCAL) isbeing developed by NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center for use in experiments to study the spectrum of high-energy cosmic rays and gamma rays from 100 GeV to 1,000 TeV. SOFCAL willnot saturate for long exposures and this calorimeter inthese balloon-borne emulsion chambers willbe helpful for the study of the composition of primary cosmic-ray nuclei. For primary nuclei with energies much greater than 1014 eV, nucleus-nucleus interactions are likely to exhibit characteristics of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Aparticle event generator was used tomodel the collision of a cosmic-ray nucleus with a target nucleus inan emulsion chamber. FRITIOF …

Creation And Implementation Of A Tracking Module For A Small-Geometry, Vertex Time Projection Chamber, Christine A. Byrd, Wilson H. Howe, Amber D. Climer, Wilfred J. Braithwaite

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A charged-particle tracking module was written and tested using pixel data generated from CERN's Monte Carlo detector-modeling program GEANT. This tracking module was customized for testing the design of a micro-strip gas time project chamber, designed by Drs. Margetis and Wieman of the Relativistic Nuclear Collisions Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This low-mass, high-resolution, small-geometry vertex time projection chamber was designed for possible use with a larger instrument in an experiment using the relativistic heavy ion collider, RHIC, under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. Implementing this tracking module involved generating tables and source code in a manner …

Azidotetrakis(Trimethylphosphine)Nickel(Ii) Tetrafluoroborate, Caryn C. Carson, Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

The title complex, [Ni(N3)(C3H9P)4]BF4, is a nearly perfect trigonal bipyramid with the azide group at an apical position. The metal-azide bond angle, Nil-- NlmN2, of 138.6(5) ° is the largest observed for a terminal azide ligand.

Magnetic Anisotropy Fabrics From The Cascadia Accretionary Prism, Bernard A. Housen, Takaharu Sato

Geology Faculty Publications

Magnetic anisotropy fabrics were measured in 495 specimens collected from the Cascadia accretionary prism to characterize the development of mineral preferred orientation fabrics during deformation. Comparison of high-field and low-field susceptibilities was used to determine the relative contributions of the paramagnetic clay minerals and the ferrimagnetic trace minerals (magnetite, greigite, pyrrhotite) to the magnetic susceptibility fabrics. Sites 888 and 891 have anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics that are controlled primarily by the ferrimagnetic minerals. Sites 889/890 and 892 have AMS fab­rics that are controlled, to varying degrees, by both paramagnetic clays and the ferrimagnetic minerals. Rock magnetic experi­ments indicate …

Pollution Prevention Manual For Lithographic Printers, Sue Behrns, Kathleen Gordon, Lisa Hurban, Cathy Zeman

Iowa Waste Reduction Center Book Gallery

No abstract provided.

The Synthesis Of N-Chlorosulfonyl Β-Lactams And Their Rearrangements, Lihua Zhang

Masters Theses

The synthesis of several N-chlorosulfonyl-β-lactams and their rearrangements have been carried out via CSI (chlorosulfonylisocyanate) reaction. The mechanism of β-lactam synthesis as well as its rearrangements were also studied. The characterization of β-lactams was performed with IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and HRMS. β-lactams 2-chlorosulfonyl-1-methyl-2-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one (71), 1-chlorosulfonyl-4-methyl-4- (phenylmethyl)azetidin-2-one (74) and 1-chlorosulfonyl-4,4- (diphenylmethyl)azetidin-2-one (75) were synthesized for the first time. β-lactam 4-chlorosulfonyl-3, 9, 9-trimethyl-4-azatricyclo [6.1.0.0^3,6] nonan-5-one (73) was obtained as crystalline solid instead of liquid.

Different effects, such as temperature, solvents and catalysts, on the rearrangement of the …

Effects Of Bromide And Iodide On Stalk Secretion In The Biofouling Diatom Achnanthes Longipes (Bacillariophyceae), Kyle D. Hoagland, Lisa M. Johnson, Michael R. Gretz

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Management, Jeffrey C. Fisher

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and federal management under the U.S. National marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has certainly been contentious. Atlantic bluefin tuna have been managed at the international level by ICCAT for the past 25 years. NMFS is the organization responsible for implementing ICCAT recommended conservation and management measures in the United States. In an attempt to halt an apparent decline in the abundance of bluefin tuna in the western Atlantic, ICCAT has recommended strict management measures including catch quotas, minimum sizes, "no-sale" provisions, and spawning area protection since 1981. ICCAT had recommended in …

Assessing The Impact Of Amendment 2 To The Summer Flounder Fishery Management Plan: Implications Of State-By-State Quotas For Vessel Operators, Karen Ellis Greene

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The state-by-state quota regulation contained in Amendment 2 to the Summer Flounder Fishery Management Plan became effective on January 1, 1993. The research sought to determine the implications that the state-by-state quotas have imposed on federal summer flounder permit holders. commercial fishermen were believed to have landed their summer flounder out-of-state to take advantage of more favorable possession limits in other states, and to have accrued higher costs as a result of their decisions to land out-of-state. A survey was administered to commercial fishermen in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and North Carolina, to ascertain behavioral changes, as a result of state-by-state …

Environmental Messages In Boating Magazines: A Content Analysis Of Recreational Power Boating Articles, Robert S. Holtzman

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper presents the results of a study analyzing the editorial content of consumer power boating magazines for messages of environmental responsibility. It presents evidence of a cause and effect relationship between recreational power boating and damage to the marine environment, and cites arguments that power boating in its currently popular form, involving high speeds and heavy fuel consumption, is inherently "unfriendly" to the environment. The paper describes a "chain of influence" through which boat manufacturers, in their role as advertisers, influence the editorial content of consumer boating magazines through the tactics of marketing public relations. A hypothesis is developed …

International Management Of The Western Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fishery: Is There A Need For A Cites Listing?, Jennifer Elling-Dodge

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In the last two decades, the Atlantic bluefin tuna has been increasingly targeted by fishermen throughout the world, primarily for sale in Japan. Commercial fishermen, attempting to survive in a world of declining commercial catches, increased controls on fishing effort, and increasing competition, view the U.S. $50.00 or more per kilogram that might be obtained from bluefin as a financial bonanza. yet, the population of breeding adult bluefin in the western Atlantic (the focus of bluefin fishing, since the largest bluefin consistently occur there) has declined by an estimated 77% to 90% since the 1970's. In addition, the eastern Atlantic …

Dispersants For Oil Spill Response: Issues, Policy, And Planning Considerations, Tina M. Burke

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purposes of this paper are four-fold. First, dispersant use as an oil spill response option and the issues surrounding dispersant use will be discussed. Second, the past dispersant use policy will be reviewed, as will the recent changes to the policy in terms of the attempt to make dispersants a viable response option in the United States. Third, the role of interest groups in oil spill response issues and the importance of including them in contingency planning efforts, specifically dispersant planning, will be discussed. Lastly, the results of the study to determine the involvement of interest groups in the …

The National Marine Sanctuary Designation Process And Its Impact On Naval Operations, Gregory E. Bolan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper addresses the basis of potential and real conflicts derived by the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) process, as identified within and between NOAA and the United States Navy. This conflict is often exacerbated due to either a lack of communication, coordination, or both. A recent proliferation of proposed and designated marine sanctuaries in traditional Naval operating areas has complicated or hindered Naval operations (or will) to a degree where EIS derived restrictions negatively impact the Naval operations, based on (1) response readiness, and (2) increased cost of operations. Two specific conflicts are examined in a case study approach …