Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Utilizing Alfalfa Hay In Horse Diets, Laurie Lawrence

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

All horses need fiber in their diets. Forages, usually as pasture or hay, are the primary sources of fiber in most rations. The exact amount of hay that a horse will eat on a daily or yearly basis will depend on the size of the horse, the class of the horse (pregnant, working, etc) and the type of hay being fed. The type and amount of other feeds in the ration will also impact the amount of hay consumed, but in general, horse owners/managers should try to maximize forage intake and then supplement with grain or other feeds to meet …

Advances In Harvesting And Storing High Quality Alfalfa, Michael Collins

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

On suitable soils, alfalfa produces the highest yields of dry matter and nutrients possible under Kentucky conditions. Limitations to achievement of this potential are often related to losses that occur during alfalfa harvest and storage. We have conducted a number of studies addressing technologies designed to minimize the extent of these losses.

Fencing And Watering Systems For Grazing Alfalfa, Larry Turner

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Controlled or rotational grazing can result in better utilization of the forage resources on your farm. By better forage management through controlled grazing, you can increase profitability of cattle/forage systems. To effectively develop a controlled grazing system, however, fencing must be used to subdivide the pasture into sub-fields or paddocks. The animals may then be rotated among the paddocks to optimize forage and beef or dairy production from the system. Alfalfa grazing can play an important part in such a system. By using alfalfa, additional grazing management options are available, including avoiding high-endophyte fescue in hot summer periods thereby gaining …

Opportunities For Alfalfa As A Grazing Crop In Kentucky, Ken Johnson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

As we think about the possibilities of alfalfa as a grazing crop, maybe we need to look at some of the limitations and where alfalfa may fit into Kentucky producers programs.

When looking at Kentucky's land area of 25 million acres we see that nearly half is in woodland. Of the 12 million acres remaining; about 3 million is in row crops, 2 million in hay, 2 million in non farm uses, and the rest is pasture. That is about 5 million acres in pasture or at least available to the pastured. With at least 7 million acres in hay …

Grazing Alfalfa: Putting The Puzzle Together, Garry D. Lacefield, Jimmy C. Henning, David Stalion

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Interest in alfalfa as a grazing crop has increased dramatically over the past decade. There are many research and demonstrations being conducted in Kentucky and across the U.S. as we continue to investigate and learn more about alfalfa's role in forage-based livestock production.

Listed below are some of the reasons farmers, researchers and agribusiness personnel are excited about the opportunity for alfalfa as a grazing crop.

Foreword [1996], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

On The Interaction Of Object-Oriented Design Patterns And Programming Languages, Gerald Baumgartner, Konstantin Läufer, Vincent F. Russo

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Design patterns are distilled from many real systems to catalog common programming practice. However, some object-oriented design patterns are distorted or overly complicated because of the lack of supporting programming language constructs or mechanisms. For this paper, we have analyzed several published design patterns looking for idiomatic ways of working around constraints of the implementation language. From this analysis, we lay a groundwork of general-purpose language constructs and mechanisms that, if provided by a statically typed, object-oriented language, would better support the implementation of design patterns and, transitively, benefit the construction of many real systems. In particular, our catalog of …

Zanieczyszczenie Powietrza Kotliny Sądeckiej Przez Przemysł Elektrodowy, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The article evaluates the impact of electrode industry (production of carbon and graphite electrodes in the plant Polgraph SA) on air quality in the Kotlina Sądecka valley and the city Nowy Sącz (Poland). The work presents completed so far environmental investments and the level of emissions of selected air pollutants characteristic of the analyzed facility, including PAHs emissions. Based on the modeling of the dispersion of pollutants in ambient air was determined the levels of pollutant concentrations in the air and location of most affected areas. The calculation results were compared with the results of direct measurements. Particular attention was …

Kinetic Behavior Of The Pt/Ysz Solid Electrolyte Interface Exposed To O_2+He Mixture, Yi Jiang, Wenzhao Li, Lixin Cao, Jingwang Yan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical behavior of the Pt/YSZ solid electrolyre interface has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear potential sweep technique. It was found that the electrochemical adsorption of oxygen on the Pt surface follows the Temkin adsorption model. The amount of oxygen species increases logarithmically with time. Two oxygen species are electrochemically formed on the Pt surface. One is atomically adsorbed, the other probably subsurface oxygen or Pt oxide. The electrochemical reduction of adsorbed oxygen is kinetically irreverable. The cathodic peak potential is affected both by the potential sean rate and the amount of oxygen ahorbed on the surface. Kinetic parameters, …

The Electrochemical Behavior Of C￣(60)-Chemically Modified Poly(N-Vinylcarhzole)In 1 Mol/L Liclo_4-Thf Solutions, Yu Chen, Zuen Huang, Ruifang Cai, Fupin Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical behavior of C￣(60)-PNVC copolymer in 1 mol/L LiClO_4-THF solutions has been studied by cyclic voltammetry.The results demonstrated that there are considerable differences of electronic structure between PNVC (Poly (N-vinylcarbazole )) and C￣(60)-PNVC copolymer, this being consistent with the ESR results and the oxidstion-reduction activarion of pure PNVC by C￣(60)-chemical modification. In the potential region,1.3V～-3.5V,five steps,0. 90V/0.60V,0.20V/0.00V,-1.05V/-1.30 V,-1.25V/-1.75 V,-2.00V/-2.50V, of oxidation/reduction proceases were indicated in the cyclic voltammetry for pure PNVC,whereas seven steps,0.20V/0.20V,-0.30V/-0.50 V,-0. 60V/-0.60 V,-0.80V/-1. 10 V,-1.95V/-2. 10 V,-2. 50 V/-2. 70 V,-3. 00V/-3. 00 V, of oxidation/reduction processes for the C￣(60)-PNVC copolymer were observed under the idenrical …

Applicadons Of Laser In Electrochemistry(Ⅰ), Rin Ren, Zhongqun Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

This paper is the first part of a comprehensive review of laser applied in electrochemistry. At first, it briefly introduces the advantages, history and exporimental setup of laser electrochamistry. Then it reviews laser applications in electrochemical deposition, polymerization,etching, polishing, corrosion, adsorption/desorption and reactions as well as photoelectrochemical switching and storage.

Electrochemical Studies On Corroding Metallic Electrodes In Frequency Domain, Chu' Nan Cao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical studies on corroding metallic electrodes carried out in the State Key Laberatory for Corrosion and Protection are reviewed briefly: (1) General equations of faradaic admittance under potential-control condition were derived based on the stabillity conditions of steady processes. The faradaic admittance at mixed potential then was deduced based on these equations and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at corrosion potentials in the solutions containing interface inhibitors was diseussed by application of the thecetical results obtained. (2) The spectral power density (SPD) curves for electrochemical noise (EN) during the initial stagu of pitting corrosion were observed for iron and …

An Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation Of Toluene─Catalytic Effects Of Ag(Ⅰ) On Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(Ⅲ) Couple Transition At Pt Electrode, Zhonghua Wang, Yunan Qu, Xingguo Yan, Qngmin Hua, Guacai Chen, Zhongquan Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Catalytic effects of Ag(Ⅰ) on toluene oxidation by Mn(Ⅲ) as well as the anodic generation of Mn(Ⅲ) were investigated. The rates of toluene oxidation were first order with respect to both Ag(Ⅰ) and Mn(Ⅲ). Ag(Ⅱ) formed on the surface of the platinum anode when Ag(Ⅰ) was present in the anolyte, which catalyic the Mn(Ⅱ) to Mn(Ⅲ) in solution.

Study Of The Calcium-Thionyl Chloride Cells, Baohong Zhang, Meng Chen, Yingdong Wang, Dongsheng Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The properties of CaCl_2 SEI covered on the ca electrode surface in thionyl chloride, the influence of various salts in thionyl chloride on the porformance of the Ca anede and carbon cathode, and the function of the additive CuCl_2 and CuBr_2 to cathode in the improvement of the cathode performance were studied by AC impedance, constant current discharge, and SEM. As a result,the Ca-SOCl_2 cell was able to discharge at 50 mA·cm￣(-2)and the capacity reached 17.5 mAh ·cm￣(-2).

Hydrogen Evolution Reaction On Nanocrystalline Co-Mo/Ni Composite-Coated Electrodes, Weizeng Yu, Jie Ma, Yiming Chu, Huizhe Zhu, Hongjie Wang, Shuncheng Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical behaviours of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) at electrodes prepared by composite coating of nanocrytstalline Co-Mo alloy particles formed by ball milling on nickel base has been sludied by using sleady-state polarization and ac impedance techiu ques.The microstructure and the size of the nanocrystals of Co- Mo alloy and the morphology of the composite-coating surface of the electrodes are measured by XRD, TEM and SEM. Results show that the nanocrystalline Co-Mo alloys prepared by high energy ball milling has high electrocatalytic activity for HER. The electrocatalytic activity for the HER is enhanced and the energy of activation for HER …

The Inhibition Of Amphipathic S- And N-Containing Compounds On Carbon Steel Corrosion, Wei Xing, Yibin Shan, Du Guo, Tianhog Lu, Shiquan Xi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ordered monolayers of S- and N-containing amphipathic corrosion inhibitors were depoitod onto the surfaces of carbon steel electrode with super-molecular assembly technique. The effect of molecular aggregation of monolayers on carbon steel corrosion in 0. 05 mol dl￣(-3)H_2SO_4 and the mechanisms of these inhibitors were discussed in details. It was found that the transport of hydrated hydrogen ion to the surface of steel depends strongly on the inhibitor molecular aggregation in the monolayers.

The Influence Of Cathode Ingredients In Zinc Chloride Type Battery On The Discharge Ability, Shen Qi, Zhuang Biao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The influence of cathodic powder ingredients in ZnCl_2 type heavy duty battery on the discharge ability has been studied, a suitable battery ingredients is founds.

Study Of Electrochemical Behaviour Of Myoglobin Using Cyclic Voltammetry And Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Ju Chou, Haihong Zhou, Tianhong Lu, Yue Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Myoglobin undergoes irreversible heterogeneous electron transfer reactions at bare metal electroeds. Thus, much effort has been devoted to obtain quasi-reversible electrochemical reactions of myoglobin at metal electrodes modified with mediators￣(1～3). However, the electron transfer rates at the above modified electrodes is very small so that the spectroelectrochemical techniques should be used in the most of studies. Recently, Taniguchi et al￣[4]. reported that a quasi-reversible electrochemical reaction of the purified horse heart myoglobin was observed at an indium oxide electrode with cyclic voltammetry technique. It was suggested that high purification of myoglobin may be the main reason for obtaining a quasi-reversible …

Development Of The High Capacity Sintered Type Nickel Positive Electrode, Guohua Yu, Shijie Zhang, Xiaolin Wang, Jingqi Wei

Journal of Electrochemistry

By improving the design and technologies of the sintered type nickel oxide positive electrode for the NiMH batteries, We do our best to increase the sinter volume and porosity,the amount of the active materals and their utilization, so we have fabricated the high capacity sintered typo nickel electrodes fitting for the NiMH battreies. The sfecitic capacity of the lot produced electrodes is up to 550 mA/cm￣3.

Preparation Techique Of Foamed Nickel By Electrodeposition, Xihua He, Ronghui Hu, Hanxi Yang, Zhengzhong Zuo

Journal of Electrochemistry

This paper describes the preparation technique and operation conditions for manufacturing foamed nickel by chemilcal pretreament, electrodeposition and heat treatment. The foamed nickel made in this method showed high porosity, uniformity and considerable strength and tenacity,applicable for various secondary battery electrodes.

A Study On Performance Of Electroless Nickel Coatings Containing Low Phsphorus, Huilin Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The low phosphorus coatings(LP) had superior corrosion resistence to that of high phosphorus(HP) in alkaline and neutral NaCl sulutions. The microhardness of the coatings increaed from 454 Hv to 890 Hv when they were heated at 350℃ for one hour. Two exothermic peaks were observed at 341. 6℃and 406. 2℃, which respectively corresponded to form the new phases Ni_5P_2 and Ni_3P in the differential thermal analysis. The atomic structure of as-deposited coatings in the terms of X-ray diffraction had confirmed that the coatings coasisted of extremely fine crystallites.

Study On The Manufacture Of Pt/C Gas-Diffusion Electrodes, Yonglin Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

The various methods of manufacturing gas-diffusion electrodes are reviewed and a new method of preparing the Pt/C electrocatalyst and the gas-diffusion electrodes is explored in this paper. The electrochemical performance of resulting electrodes in concentrated phosphoric acid for oxygen reduction at 150℃ are compared with the commercial electrode which purched from Giner Inc. (U. S. A). The results show that the performance of the Pt/C electrodes which manufactured by the method in this paper has been greatly improved. Therefor, a fuel cell using such electrodes has high industrial value.

Electrochemical Ploymerization Of Aniline In The Alkaline Solution And Properties Of Polymer, Shaolin Mu, Jinqing Kan, Aiguang Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A deep yellow polyaniline was formed at the anodic electrode during electrochemical oxidation of aniline in the alkaline solution.The peak of oxidation potential for aniline in the alkaline solution was 0. 7 V (vs.Ag/AgCl with a saturated KCl solution),which is about 0. 3V less than that in the acidic solution.The results from rotating ring-disk electrode experiment show that two soluble intermediates were generated during electrochemical oxidation of aniline.The colour of the polymer in the alkaline solution is independent of applied potential and pH values.An adsorption peak was observed in the UV region at 500 nm for the polymer.The polymer has …

Research On Molten Carbnate Fuel Cell, Naichao Li, Baolian Yi, Lianying Kong, Enjun Zhang, Huaxin Lin, Tianxi Qu, Yingcai Cheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cold-roll-milling has been evaluated as a technique for preparing porous LiAlO_2 matrices for use as a molten carbonate fuel cell electrolyte matrix. This technique produces reliable electrolyte structures with the following characteristics and advantages: ease of handling, uniform thickness, using nontoxic inorganic solvents, controlled pore size distribution, and ability to be impregnated with the alkali carbonate without fracrure.The Molren Carbnatod Fuel Cell(MCFC) was assembled from sintered Ni electrodes and LiAlO_2 electrolyte matrix, the electrode area is 28 cm￣2, the effect of operating conditions on cell performance was tested, it was found that the cell performance changed little with many times …

Employement Fluctuations In Rural India:A Statistical Analysis With Special Reference To Maharsatra., Kaushik Bhattacharya Dr.

Doctoral Theses

This dissertation attempts to find out the nature and the extent of employment fluctuation in rural India. The dissertation is partly theoretical and partly empirical in nature. On the methodological side, it builds up a consistent analytical frame- work. Employment fluctuation is measured in terms of a new mobility measure proposed in this dissertation. The empirical work is basod on the data collected by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), Government of India, in their 38-th round survey operation. I, therefore, thank NSSO for allowing me to work with the data. The views expressod in this dissertation or the errors …

Effects Of Ph,Ligand Cn-,Metallic Ions Hg￣(+2),Cd￣(+2) And Pb￣(2+) On Electroactivity Of Cytochrome C, Jin Luo, Lingling Wu, Jintain Wu, Shaohua Huang, Zhonghua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The effects of pH, ligtlnd CN￣-,metallic ions,Hg￣(+2), Cd￣(+2) and Pb￣(2+) on electroactivity of cytochrome c have been studied with cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis spectroseopy.In the phosphate buffer solution containing 5 mg/mL cytochrome c, cytochrome c is electroactive at a glod electrode with suitable pretreatment if the pH value is equal to 7.0, but it is electroinactive at the gold electrode if the pH value is equal to 2. 0 or 10.0. The existence of CN- ions in the solution would cause deactivation of cytochrome c in the bulk sulurion, and would not affect the electroactivity of cytochrome c adsorbed on …

Ftis Observation Of Twin Adsorbates Of Co On Rh Electrode In Acid Solution, Wenfeng Lin, Shigang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Because of its great importance both in electrocatalysis and C1 chemistry applications, the adsorption of CO on metallic electrodes such as Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, RhF￣[1～2], etc. has been extensively studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy Since 1981. In all these studies only three types of CO adsorbates, i. e. , linear (2 090～2 000 cm￣(-1)), bridgrd (2 000～1 900 cm￣(-1)) or multi-bonded (1900～1 800 cm￣(-1)) species, were identified. A different absorbate, twin CO on rhodium ((Rh (CO)2) , does exist on the solid/gas interface of highly dispersed Rh or Rhn clusters[3～4] on supports,this species originating a doublet at 2100 …

Determination Of Transport Number Of The Modified Liclo_4- (Peo)_(20) Polymer Electrolyte, Ruqi Zhou, Qngguo Liu, Weihua Qiu, Yun Zhang, Yuee Zhao

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this work a combination method of A. C. Impedance and chronoamperometry was used to determine the lithium ion transport number of LiClO_4·(PEO)_(20)·(PC)_(12)·(EC)_(12) polymer electrolyte. It is known that lithium is thermodynamically unstable in non-aqueous or polymer electrolytes, leading to the formtion of a film on lithium surface, called as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The presence of SEI layer will greatly influence the experimental result of lithium ion transport number. The new method avoid the effect of SEI layer, and can give correct transport number of lithium ion in the electrolyte of DCIO_4·(PED)_(20)·(PC)_(12)·(EC)_(12). The exporimental result indicates that the conducrivity …

Tabletop Laser Accelerators Are On The Way, Phillip F. Schewe, Ben Stein, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald Umstadter Publications

The goal here is to use high electric fields in plasmas to accelerate electrons to 100-GeV energies over distances of meters rather than kilometers. This should promote the development of new particle colliders and x-ray sources. The predicted high acceleration gradients in plasmas have been achieved in recent years, but could only be used with external electron injection from a conventional source. Now scientists at the University of Michigan (Donald Umstadter, 313-764-2284) have made progress in eliminating conventional electron sources altogether. In a preliminary experiment, by simply focusing a laser into a plasma, the Michigan scientists have extracted a collimated …

Ultraviolet And Electron Radiation Induced Fragmentation Of Adsorbed Ferrocene, Dulip Welipitiya, A. Green, J.P. Woods, Peter A. Dowben, Brian W. Robertson, Dongjin Byun, Jiandi Zhang

Peter Dowben Publications

From thermal desorption spectroscopy we find that ferrocene, Fe(C₅H₅)₂, adsorbs and desorbs associatively on Ag(100). Photoemission results indicate that the initially adsorbed surface species closely resembles that of molecular ferrocene. The shift in photoemission binding energies relative to the gas phase is largely independent of the molecular orbital. We find that ultraviolet light does lead to partial fragmentation of the ferrocene and that the molecular fragments are much more strongly bound to the surface than the associatively adsorbed ferrocene. Since fragmentation occurs only in the presence of incident radiation, selective area deposition from this …