Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Body Burden Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Tributyltin In Hard Clams, Mercenaria Mercenaria From The Elizabeth River, Va, Morris H. Roberts, Michael A. Unger

Reports

The Elizabeth River, contaminated with PAH, TBT, and heavy metals, is potentially home to a variety of estuarine invertebrates of commercial importance, notably oysters, hard clams, and crabs. Harvestable oysters have virtually disappeared from the system, but it has been rumored among commercial fishermen that a population of small (little neck to cherrystone) hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) exists within the Elizabeth River system. These clams are of serious interest to commercial clammers in the area as a previously unharvested source of market-size clams. Crabs of a harvestable size are also reasonably abundant throughout this river according to local fishermen.

The …

Morilla Swamp Hydrological Investigation, Russell John Speed, E B. Lefroy, John Andrew Simons

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

The Salinity And Hydrology Of The Tambellup Townsite And Jam Creek Catchment, R Ferdowsian, A T. Ryder

Resource management technical reports

The study area covers the Tambellup Town and the Jam Creek Catchment (top photograph on cover). The Tambellup Town is located 115 km north of Albany. The town has a population of 360 people (800 in the whole Shire). Tambellup is experiencing increasing salinity problems. Saline groundwater levels are close to the soil surface and cause deterioration of buildings, roads, infrastructure, death of trees and scalding of land including the sporting grounds. Many hectares of land in the Jam Creek Catchment has become salt-affected and salinity is on increase. The objective of this study was to define the present salinity …

Improving Drought Management In The West: The Role Of Mitigation And Preparedness, Donald Wilhite

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Climate Variability, Climate Change And Western Water, Kathleen A. Miller

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Nutrient Limitation Of Oligotrophic Sockeye Salmon Lakes Of Idaho (Usa), Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, H. P. Gross, Chris Luecke, Phaedra E. Budy

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

"Phytoplankton production in lake ecosystems is frequently controlled by amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus (Smith 1982, Elser et al. 1990), as well as minor- and micro-nutrients (Wurtsbaugh & Horne 1983, Wurtsbaugh 1988, Lovstad & Bjorndalen 1990). Nutrient limitation is often studied to determine which nutrient(s) should be reduced to control lake eutrophication (Schindler 1974(. Conversely, nutrients have been used for decades to stimulate plankton and, subsequently, fish production in aquaculture (Bardach et al. 1972). More recently, lake fertilization has been used to augment salmon runs for commercial exploitation (Hyatt & Stockner 1985, lye et al. 1988), and it has been …

Comparison Of The Aquatic Ecology Of Side-Canyons And The Main Channel Of Lake Powell 1997, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Kirsten L. Gallo

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Physical characteristics of lakes are highly interrelated with biological characteristics. We measured and analyzed the physical characteristics of two side canyons in order to better understand differences in productivity between side canyons and the main channel and to provide general information on the characteristics of the lake.

Fertilization Of An Oligotrophic Lake With A Deep Chlorophyll Maximum: Predicting The Effect On Primary Productivity, H. P. Gross, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Phaedra E. Budy, Chris Luecke

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We investigated how epilimnetic fertilization would affect chlorophyll levels and light penetration of oligotrophic sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) lakes and how the resulting self-shading would affect primary production of the prominent deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) of the lakes. Epilimnetic nutrient additions to large mesocosms (330 m3) in Redfish Lake, Idaho, increased levels of primary productivity and chlorophyll a but decreased Secchi depths and light available in the metalimnion and hypolimnion. Redfish Lake and other Sawtooth Valley (Idaho) lakes had DCM in which the mean chlorophyll a peaks were 240-1000% of mean epilimnetic chlorophyll a concentrations. The DCM existed at low …

Hydroacoustic Assessment Of Abundance And Diel Distribution Of Sockeye Salmon And Kokanee In The Sawtooth Valley Lakes, Idaho, D. Beauchamp, Chris Luecke, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, H. G. Gross, Phaedra E. Budy, S. Spaulding, R. Dilenger, C. P. Gubala

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We used dual-beam hydroacoustics and echo integration techniques, combined with midwater trawling and gillnetting, to assess the abundance and distribution of the endangered Snake River juvenile sockeye salmon and resident kokanee (both Oncorhynchus nerka) in Sawtooth Valley lakes of Idaho during September 1991 and 1992. Abundance of O. nerka varied among the four lakes containing this species (12,500–257,000) and varied between years in Redfish Lake (86,400 in 1994 and 241,000 in 1992) and Alturas Lake (230,000 in 1991 and 257,000 in 1992). In Alturas Lake, where piscivore densities were high and zooplankton densities were low, small acoustic targets (≤18 cm …

The Watershed Model, Utah State University Extension

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Astrophysical Bounds On Global Strings, Shane L. Larson, William A. Hiscock

All Physics Faculty Publications

Global topological defects produce nonzero stress energy throughout spacetime, and as a result can have observable gravitational influence on surrounding matter. Gravitational effects of global strings are used to place bounds on their cosmic abundance. The minimum separation between global strings is estimated by considering the defects' contribution to the cosmological energy density. More rigorous constraints on the abundance of global strings are constructed by examining the tidal forces such defects will have on observable astrophysical systems. The small number of observed tidally disrupted systems indicates there can be very few of these objects in the observable Universe.

The Global Ionosphere-Polar Wind System During Changing Magnetic Activity, Robert W. Schunk, Jan Josef Sojka

All Physics Faculty Publications

A time-dependent, three-dimensional, multi-ion model of the global ionosphere-polar wind system was used to study the system's response to an idealized geomagnetic storm for different seasonal and solar cycle conditions. The model covered the altitude range from 90 to 9000 km for latitudes greater than 50° magnetic in the northern hemisphere. The geomagnetic storm contained a 1-hour growth phase, a 1-hour main phase, and a 4-hour decay phase. Four storm simulations were conducted, corresponding to winter and summer solstices at both solar maximum and minimum. The simulations indicated the following: (1) O⁺ upflows typically occur in the cusp and …

An Embedded Ring Approach To The Vibrational Dynamics Of Amorphous Materials, John R. Dennison, T. E. Doyle

All Physics Faculty Publications

A theoretical approach has been developed to model the vibrational modes of amorphous, two-dimensional materials. The method considers that the vibrational density of states is composed primarily of states originating from embedded ring structures of medium-range order. The materials are modeled as continuous random networks comprised of a statistical distribution of symmetric, planar rings with four to eight members. The rings are treated as local structural units embedded in the material, similar to molecules within a solid. The ring potentials are approximated with a valence force model (bond-stretching and bond-angle-bending force constants) modified by a third harmonic, effective force constant …

Driving A Physical Ionospheric Model With A Magnetospheric Mhd Model, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk, M. D. Bowline, J. Chen, S. Slinker, J. Fedder

All Physics Faculty Publications

This is the first study in which a physical ionospheric model (time-dependent ionospheric model (TDIM)) has been driven through a substorm using self-consistent magnetospheric convection electric field and auroral electron precipitation inputs. Both of these were generated from a simulation of a real substorm event using the MHD model [Fedder et al., 1995b]. Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data were available for 1.5 hours until the substorm breakup. Hence the substorm growth and expansion dynamics is captured in a 1.5-hour time period. As a reference against which to compare this TDIM substorm simulation, a typical climatological TDIM simulation was …

Semiclassical Effects In Black Hole Interiors, William A. Hiscock, Shane L. Larson, Paul R. Anderson

All Physics Faculty Publications

First-order semiclassical perturbations to the Schwarzschild black hole geometry are studied within the black hole interior. The source of the perturbations is taken to be the vacuum stress-energy of quantized scalar, spinor, and vector fields, evaluated using analytic approximations developed by Page and others (for massless fields) and the DeWitt-Schwinger approximation (for massive fields). Viewing the interior as an anisotropic collapsing cosmology, we find that minimally or conformally coupled scalar fields, and spinor fields, decrease the anisotropy as the singularity is approached, while vector fields increase the anisotropy. In addition, we find that for massless fields of all spins, the …

Spinors, Jets, And The Einstein Equations, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

Many important features of a field theory, e.g., conserved currents, symplectic structures, energy-momentum tensors, etc., arise as tensors locally constructed from the fields and their derivatives. Such tensors are naturally defined as geometric objects on the jet space of solutions to the field equations. Modern results from the calculus on jet bundles can be combined with a powerful spinor parametrization of the jet space of Einstein metrics to unravel basic features of the Einstein equations. These techniques have been applied to computation of generalized symmetries and “characteristic cohomology” of the Einstein equations, and lead to results such as a proof …

Ionospheric Response To An Auroral Substorm, Robert W. Schunk, L. Zhu, Jan Josef Sojka, M. D. Bowline

All Physics Faculty Publications

The response of the ionosphere to a representative auroral substorm was simulated. The response was found to be significant at all altitudes in a large spatial region near midnight magnetic local time. In this midnight region, there were T_e and T_i hot spots, substantial O⁺ → NO⁺ composition changes, non‐Maxwellian velocity distributions, transient ion upwellings, a large‐scale lowering of the F‐layer, ionization peaks that occur in the E‐region, and sharp horizontal gradients. Also, during the expansion phase, the E‐region densities increase due to auroral precipitation, while the plasma densities above 300 km decrease due to the …

Model Study Of Ground Magnetic Signatures Of Traveling Convection Vortices, Lie Zhu, P. Gifford, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk

All Physics Faculty Publications

We conducted a model study of ground magnetic signatures of traveling convection vortices (TCVs) that included both the ionospheric conductivity enhancement associated with the TCVs and the ground induction effect. We found that the localized conductivity enhancement can cause a significant distortion of the TCV current system and lead to a distortion of the ground magnetic disturbance patterns. The patterns of all three magnetic components are asymmetric, mainly in the E-W direction, and the patterns of the Z component show the strongest asymmetry (20–30%). We also found that the effect of induction currents on ground magnetic signatures of the TCVs …

Why Quantum Mechanics Is Complex, James Thomas Wheeler

All Physics Faculty Publications

The zero-signature Killing metric of a new, real-valued, 8-dimensional gauging of the conformal group accounts for the complex character of quantum mechanics. The new gauge theory gives manifolds which generalize curved, relativistic phase space. The difference in signature between the usual momentum space metric and the Killing metric of the new geometry gives rise to an imaginary proportionality constant connecting the momentumlike variables of the two spaces. Path integral quantization becomes an average over dilation factors, with the integral of the Weyl vector taking the role of the action. Minimal U(1) electromagnetic coupling is predicted.

Logging Utilization - Utah, 1993, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Data collected on 20 logging operations in Utah in 1993 provided board-foot and cubic-foot conversion factors of log scale and factors to apply to harvest volume estimates to obtain removals estimates. The components of timber products and removals, obtained by application of these factors to the 1992 Utah timber harvest, are included. Additional findings, presented in table form, are the diameter distribution of trees removed from growing stock per thousand cubic ft of products and the volume of logging residue in pieces 6 ft and longer as a proportion of product volume. Survey methods and estimates of data reliability are …

Forest Resource Statistics For Northern Utah, 1993, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

About 5.2 million acres, or 25 percent, of northern Utah is forested. Fifty-two percent of this forest area is capable of producing commercial wood products and is classified as timberland. Forty-eight percent is classified as woodland, primarily pinyon-juniper. The predominant forest types on the timberland are aspen, Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and spruce-fir. The National Forest System manages 70 percent of the timberland; 23 percent is under private ownership, and 7 percent is under other public ownership (local, State, and other Federal). Thirteen percent of the timberland is withdrawn from commercial timber production and is in a reserved status. Most reserved …

Old Growth Ponderosa Pine And Western Larch Stand Structures: Influences Of Pre-1900 Fires And Fire Exclusion, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Presents detailed age structure for two western larch stands that historically experienced frequent fires. Compares age structures of eleven ponderosa pine and western larch stands representing a broad range of sites that had frequent fires. Interprets causal factors possibly linked to variations in stand age structures.

Utah Timber Production And Mill Residue, 1992, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Utah's timber production in 1992 was 13.3 million cubic feet (63.7 million board feet, Scribner rule), up 9 percent from 1974. Sawlog production was 10.2 million cubic feet (52.5 million board feet). House log volume was 1.6 million cubic feet (8.2 million board feet). Lodgepole pine comprised 48 percent, Uintah County 29 percent, and National Forest lands 78 percent of the harvest. Mill residue volume was 7 million cubic feet, 82 percent of which was used, most for fencing, firewood, animal bedding, or industrial plant fuel.

Potential Regional Impacts Of Global Warming On Precipitation In The Western United States, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Meterology

Snow and melting of the snowpack provide the principal supply of water to much of the Western United States. Whether global warming threatens this water supply is the focus of this research. This study builds upon a previous Global Climate Change Response Program investigation. Charts were generated of four geopotential height parameters for a domain covering the eastern North Pacific Ocean and western North America. Out of 131 total winter months (from 1946-89), 35 were selected as analogues.

Monthly mean precipitation values for areas in western Montana, northern Utah, and east central Arizona were compared with median values for the …

Alternative Futures For The Region Of Camp Pendleton California U.S.A. Oak Grove Valley, Richard E. Toth

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

The U.5. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA Science Advisory Board, in its report Reducing Risk: Priorities and Strategies for Environmental Protection (U.S. EPA, 1990), identified the highest priority environmental risks to the United States, based primarily on geographic extent and irreversibility of effects. Habitat modification and loss of species diversity were ranked at the highest level of ecological risk. Habitat and species diversity are tightly coupled; species diversity at a regional level cannot be maintained without maintaining quality habitat. The Science Advisory Board expressed the view shared by many ecologists that natural habitats and their associated assemblages of plants and animals …

Maps For The Final Environmental Impact Statement Targhee National Forest, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

Maps for the Final Environmental Impact Statement Targhee National Forest, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, April 1997

Final Environmental Impact Statement Nez Perce National Historical Park And Big Hole National Battlefield, United States, Department Of The Interior, National Park Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

This Final Environmental Impact Statement for Nez Perce National Historical Park and Big Hole National Battlefield is an abbreviated document. It is important to understand that this Final Environmental Impact Statement must be read in conjunction with the previously published Draft General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement.

Record Of Decision Final Environmental Impact Statement (Feis) For The Revised Forest Plan, Targhee National Forest, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Record of Decisions (ID)

The Targhee National Forest covers approximately 1.8 million acres (this includes the portion of the Caribou National Forest which is administered by the Targhee). The majority of the forest lies in eastern Idaho and the remainder in western Wyoming. Situated next to Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, the forest lies almost entirely within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Update Of Appendix C Summer & Winter Access Final Environmental Impact Statement For The Forest Plan Revision, United States Forest Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

The District tables contained in Appendix C of the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Forest Plan Revision have been updated as shown on the attached sheets. Deletions are shown as strike-overs. Changes and additions are shown in bold. Most of the changes are the result of relabelling roads and trails to correspond with current designations. A large number of duplicate entries have been eliminated.

Wild And Scenic River Study Report And Final Legislative Environmental Impact Statement For Eight Rivers, United States Forest Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

The Study Report and Draft Environmental Impact Statement was made available to the public on March 5, 1996, and a 90-day public comment period was held. This Study Report and Final Environmental Impact Statement has reconfirmed that Alternative E, which recommends designation of East Eagle Creek and Five Points Creek to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System with USDA Forest Service Administration is the preferred alternative.