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Articles 991 - 1020 of 2472
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Using Ranks To Perform Exact And Estimated Exact Tests In Designed Experiments, Scott J. Richter, Mark E. Payton
Using Ranks To Perform Exact And Estimated Exact Tests In Designed Experiments, Scott J. Richter, Mark E. Payton
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
A procedure is studied that uses rank transformed data to perform exact and estimated exact tests which is an alternative to the commonly used F-ratio test procedure. First, a common parametric test statistic is computed using rank transformed data, where two methods of ranking - ranks taken of the original observations, and ranks taken after aligning the observations - are studied. Significance is then determined using either the exact permutation distribution of the statistic or an estimate of this distribution based on a random sample of all possible permutations. Simulation studies compare the performance of this method to both the …
Testing Variance Components Using The Glm And Mixed Procedures Of Sas®, Ron Mcnew, Andy Mauromoustakos
Testing Variance Components Using The Glm And Mixed Procedures Of Sas®, Ron Mcnew, Andy Mauromoustakos
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
The test of a variance component in random and mixed normal linear models can be done using the F statistic from the analysis of variance or the Wald statistic which is the ratio of the variance component estimate to its estimated standard error. These are the methods used in the GLM and MIXED procedures of SAS®. We show that these two tests can give different results on the same data. For the one-way random model, the one-sided Wald test on the among group variance component can never be significant at the 0.05 probability level when the number of levels of …
The Statistical Analysis Of Active Control Equivalence Studies, Armando Garsd, Susana F. Delfino
The Statistical Analysis Of Active Control Equivalence Studies, Armando Garsd, Susana F. Delfino
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
In experimental work, the notion of equivalence falls short of the idea of equality. Thus, the effects of two treatments, while not identical, may still be regarded as equivalent if their difference is negligible in a certain sense. This simple distinction raises not only technical difficulties, since of necessity it results in special statistical procedures, but also deeper conceptual issues, since one has to ask why two treatments should be equivalent but not equal, more specifically, whether their being merely equivalent has any bearing on the practical questions posed by the data. In this paper we present examples, drawn from …
The Analysis Of The Two-Period Repeated Measurements Crossover Design With Application To A Forestry Problem, Armando Garsd, Maria C. Fabrizio, Maria V. López
The Analysis Of The Two-Period Repeated Measurements Crossover Design With Application To A Forestry Problem, Armando Garsd, Maria C. Fabrizio, Maria V. López
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
The two-period repeated measurements crossover design is not often used in agricultural studies. It is, however, an attractive model, involving the confluence of two powerful statistical ideas, treatment crossover and repeated measurements on the same experimental unit. This paper presents one approach for the statistical analysis of such design based on the work of Wallenstein and Fisher (1977). It is shown how the data may be transformed so that it can be analyzed under the framework of a completely randomized repeated measurements design. We formalize the analysis in the context of a forestry experiment conducted on poplar trees (Populus SP.), …
The Use Of Inverse Theory On An Ill-Posed Environmental Composite Sampling Problem, V. A. Lancaster, S. Keller-Mcnulty
The Use Of Inverse Theory On An Ill-Posed Environmental Composite Sampling Problem, V. A. Lancaster, S. Keller-Mcnulty
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
As an alternative to retesting, the use of inverse theory techniques is proposed to resolve the lack of information inherent in composite sampling methods. This paper evaluates the feasibility of combining composite sampling with the inverse theory technique of linear regularization on an environmental site characterization investigation. Federal legislation has mandated the cleanup of hazardous waste sites, creating the need to characterize these sites for various chemical constituents. An abundance of samples, high measurement costs, and limited budgets create the appeal of compositing samples. We propose that the number of costly laboratory analyses can be reduced by combining composite sampling …
Bootstrap Confidence Intervals From Adaptive Sampling Of An Insect Population, Jeffrey S. Pontius, Mary C. Christman
Bootstrap Confidence Intervals From Adaptive Sampling Of An Insect Population, Jeffrey S. Pontius, Mary C. Christman
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
We construct 90% normal, percentile, and bias-corrected and accelerated confidence intervals using a finite population bootstrapping algorithm based on adaptive sampling in an agroecosystem. We evaluate the interval estimates based on sampling simulations of a spatially arranged population of plots that contain counts of beet webworms and based on an adaptive condition that generates small networks. The sampling distributions of the original sample estimates and of the bootstrap estimates were generally similar and symmetric. The simulation coverages were from 84% to 90% and similar under any of the sample sizes and any of the three confidence interval types. This study …
Some Experiences With Neural Networks, Lynda L. Ballou, Dallas E. Johnson
Some Experiences With Neural Networks, Lynda L. Ballou, Dallas E. Johnson
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
This paper gives a brief overview of artificial neural networks which may be used to model data similar to the kind where one usually considers regression models. Many practitioners believe that neural networks perform better than regression models for prediction purposes. Some simulations were performed using three different neural net programs, namely Braincel, Ripley's S+ program, and Nychka's S+ program. These simulations reveal some interesting aspects of neural net programs which should be of interest to anyone considering the use of neural net programs to model continuous data.
Some Factors Limiting The Use Of Generalized Linear Models In Agricultural Research, Walter W. Stroup
Some Factors Limiting The Use Of Generalized Linear Models In Agricultural Research, Walter W. Stroup
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
The generalized linear model (GLM) is a "hot" topic in statistics. Numerous research articles on GLM's appear in each edition of all major journals in statistics. GLM's are the subject of substantial numbers of presentations at most statistics conferences. Despite the high level of interest and research activity within the statistics community, GLM's are not widely used, with some exceptions, by biological scientists in the statistical analysis of their research data. Why? Reasons include 1) many statisticians are not comfortable with GLM's, 2) the biological research community is not familiar with GLM's, and 3) there is little in introductory statistics …
How Good Are Spatial Glm's? A Simulation Study, Roger G. Collins, Walter W. Stroup, Stephen D. Kachman
How Good Are Spatial Glm's? A Simulation Study, Roger G. Collins, Walter W. Stroup, Stephen D. Kachman
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
An area of increasing interest to agricultural and ecological researchers is the analysis of spatially correlated non-normal data. A generalized linear model(GLM) accounting for spatial covariance was presented by Gotway and Stroup (1997). Their method included approximate inference based on asymptotic distributions. A simulation study was conducted to assess the small sample behavior of their proposed estimates and test statistics. This study suggests that the spatial GLM yields unbiased estimates of treatment means and differences for binomial data, that the spatial GLM improves precision, as measured by MSE, and that the approximate F-statistic is acceptable for hypothesis testing.
Alternative Analyses Of Crossover Designs With More Than Two Periods, Carla L. Goad, Dallas E. Johnson
Alternative Analyses Of Crossover Designs With More Than Two Periods, Carla L. Goad, Dallas E. Johnson
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
A crossover experiment is a special form of a repeated measures experiment. An appropriate analysis of a repeated measures experiment depends on the form of the varian-cecovariance matrix of the repeated measures. Certain forms of this matrix yield valid analysis of variance F -tests while other forms invalidate these tests. In a crossover experiment where analysis of variance tests are invalid, two alternative tests of a linear contrast of the parameters are proposed. In addition to these approximate t-tests, three alternative methods for testing for equal treatment effects and equal carryover effects are proposed. A simulation study is conducted to …
Bioavailability And Cv Component Comparison In A Crossover, Zhiming Wang, Vince A. Uthoff
Bioavailability And Cv Component Comparison In A Crossover, Zhiming Wang, Vince A. Uthoff
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
Two medication formulations are compared using noncompartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) variables. However, more than the ratio of mean effects is of interest. A difference in formulation coeficients of varication (CV), within- or between-subject, is sought. The experimental design chosen is a 2 sequence crossover design of the form ABBA and BAAB, where A and B are two medication formulations. A mixed linear model is defined that contains random effects for subjects and for subject by formulation interactions. The model has fixed effects for the average formulation effects and period effects. The 2 formulations are assumed to have different error terms. The …
Equivalence Testing In Agriculture Experiments, Brian J. Fergen
Equivalence Testing In Agriculture Experiments, Brian J. Fergen
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
Equivalence testing is a relatively new area of research in statistics. It's development has been motivated in large part by the need for statistical methods for determining if generic drugs are bioequivalent to their name brand counterparts. The application of equivalence testing methods to data resulting from experiments and surveys unrelated to drug development, and in particular agriculture-related experiments, is infrequent and possibly non-existent. These methods provide useful alternatives to the analysis methods currently being used. In this paper, an overview of the philosophy of equivalence testing and a review of equivalence testing methods are presented. Additionally, experimental situations for …
Covariance Adjustment In Studies Involving Observational Factors Or Covariates Influenced By Treatments, O. B. Allen, I. B. Mandell, J. W. Wilton, L. B. Buchanan-Smith
Covariance Adjustment In Studies Involving Observational Factors Or Covariates Influenced By Treatments, O. B. Allen, I. B. Mandell, J. W. Wilton, L. B. Buchanan-Smith
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
We extend the definition of adjusted treatment means in the analysis of covariance to deal with the case where some of the covariates are influenced by treatments or where some of the factors are observational. In these cases, comparison of treatment means adjusted to a common value of the covariate may be inappropriate. Partially adjusted means are defined and it is shown that special cases include the usual adjusted means (adjusted to a common value for each of the covariates) and unadjusted means. In fact, in a multifactorial experiment, one can, by appropriate choice of adjustment, compare adjusted means for …
Comparing The Use Of Block And Covariate Information In Analysis Of Variance, James R. Schwenke
Comparing The Use Of Block And Covariate Information In Analysis Of Variance, James R. Schwenke
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
Of primary concern in the statistical analysis of the results of an experiment is to quantify the mean response to treatment and to accurately quantify the experimentation error variance. The traditional approach to account for nuisance sources of variation or a heterogeneous population is to group or block the population (or sample) into homogeneous groups with respect to a concomitant variable. A blocking term then is included in the statistical analysis. Alternatively, concomitant variables can be used as covariate information in a statistical analysis. A statistical analysis incorporating blocks assumes that the magnitude of difference in treatment response is equal …
Analysis Of A Midwest Farmer Survey Of Pest Infestation, Susanne Aref
Analysis Of A Midwest Farmer Survey Of Pest Infestation, Susanne Aref
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
A survey of farmers rating the severity of crop pest infestation in their fields was conducted in the Midwest in 1992. The purpose of the present study was to detennine summary variables of the pest infestation ratings and the effect of region, soil type, and tillage on these summary variables. The pests were in the following six categories: perennial and annual weeds, insects and diseases of com (Zea mays L.) and insects and diseases of soybean (Glycine max (L.) MerritT). Categorical models were used to analyze individual pest ratings. A non-parametric method, the Sheirer-Ray-Hare extension of the Kruskal-Wallis test …
Empirical Estimates Of Power For Binomial Data With Mixed Models, R. K. Splan, L. D. Van Vleck, H. D. Hafs
Empirical Estimates Of Power For Binomial Data With Mixed Models, R. K. Splan, L. D. Van Vleck, H. D. Hafs
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
Observations on return to estrus from anestrus postpartum beef cows were used as the basis for a simulation study to develop a method to determine numbers of locations and animals per treatment per location to achieve a specified power of test. Estimates of among location and total variance were obtained by REML from the data set and then used to generate simulated data for the binomial trait. Each combination of several pre-determined factors was replicated 1000 times. Pre-determined factors were number of locations, number of animals per treatment per location, desired detectable difference due to treatment, alpha-probability level and ratio …
Alternative Procedures For Estimation Of Nonlinear Regression Parameters, William J. Price, Bahman Shafii
Alternative Procedures For Estimation Of Nonlinear Regression Parameters, William J. Price, Bahman Shafii
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
Biological research data are often represented using nonlinear model specifications that lend themselves to the testing of relevant hypotheses concerning the model parameters. This is typically achieved with classical nonlinear least squares techniques such as Gauss-Newton or Levenberg-Marquardt which allow for both the estimation and inference phases of the analysis. Under some circumstances, however, sensitivity to data or model specifications may lead these methods to fail convergence tests or exhibit nonlinearity in the parameter estimates, which will in turn limit the usefulness of inferential results. In such cases, other estimation methods may present a means of avoiding these problems while …
Confidence Intervals For Heritability In A Mixed Linear Model, Brent D. Burch, Hari K. Iyer
Confidence Intervals For Heritability In A Mixed Linear Model, Brent D. Burch, Hari K. Iyer
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
A family of procedures is given to construct confidence intervals for the heritability of a trait in a mixed linear model. The procedures are applicable for constructing confidence intervals for a ratio of variance components in a mixed linear model having two sources of variation. The resulting intervals are evaluated in terms of expected length. The investigator may select the best confidence interval procedure from the family of procedures based on the interval( s) having short expected length. Confidence intervals for loineye data using bulls from a Red Angus seed stock herd will be presented.
Using Prior Knowledge Of The Intraclass Correlation To Increase The Power Of Tests For Treatment Means, Marjorie E. Bond, James J. Higgins
Using Prior Knowledge Of The Intraclass Correlation To Increase The Power Of Tests For Treatment Means, Marjorie E. Bond, James J. Higgins
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
It is common in agricultural research to have experimental units that consist of multiple observational units. For instance, treatments may be applied to pens of animals, pens being the experimental units, while weights are measured on individual animals, the observational units. If there are a small number of experimental units, the power of statistical tests for treatment effects can be small regardless of the number of observational units. We show that it is possible to increase the power of such statistical tests by taking advantage of prior knowledge of the intraclass correlation. Our assertion is that such prior knowledge is …
Analysing Binary Data In A Repeated Measurements Setting Using Sas, Eleanor F. Allan
Analysing Binary Data In A Repeated Measurements Setting Using Sas, Eleanor F. Allan
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
Whilst the repeated measurements methods appropriate for the analysis of normally distributed data are well established, methods for handling binary and categorical data in a repeated measurements context are not so commonly known or used. The application of population averaged models and subject effects models to repeated binary data are discussed and their implementation with the aid of SAS are illustrated by example. comparisons with other approaches are also considered.
Editor's Preface, Table Of Contents, And List Of Attendees, George A. Milliken
Editor's Preface, Table Of Contents, And List Of Attendees, George A. Milliken
Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture
These proceedings contain papers presented in the ninth annual Kansas State University Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, held in Manhattan, Kansas, April 27-29, 1997.
Effects Of Acid Mine Drainage On Stream Fish Assemblages In The North Chickamauga Creek Watershed, Tennessee, Kristie J. Jenkins
Effects Of Acid Mine Drainage On Stream Fish Assemblages In The North Chickamauga Creek Watershed, Tennessee, Kristie J. Jenkins
Honors Theses
Approximately 18 miles of the NCC system, Tennessee is polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD). The effects of AMD upon the North Chickamauga Creek (NCC) system were evaluated from water quality measurements, habitat assessments, and fish collections. Sampling surveys were conducted at three AMO-impacted (pH < 5.5) and two reference sites (pH> 6.2) in the NCC system. Stream fish were collected using backpack electroshockers and hoop nets. A total of seven species were collected at the reference sites, whereas three species were collected at the AMO-impacted sites. Fish abundance was significantly greater (P < 0.1) at the reference sites than at the AMO-impacted sites, regardless of the sampling technique. No fish were collected at one of the AMO-impacted streams where the pH was <5 and the concentration of dissolved aluminum was > 700 mg/L. Results of my study indicate that fish populations were affected more by …
The Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science April 25-26, 1997 [Program, 109th Meeting], Iowa Academy Of Science
The Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science April 25-26, 1997 [Program, 109th Meeting], Iowa Academy Of Science
Iowa Academy of Science Documents
Contents:
Program Summary --- 4
General Session Speakers --- 7
Awards --- 10
Symposia Programs --- 11
Poster Session --- 13
Map --- Center
Section Programs/Special Sessions --- 16
Agricultural Sciences --- 16
Anthropology --- 17
Botany --- 18
Cellular, Molecular, & Microbiology --- 19
Chemical Education --- 20
Chemistry : Inorganic , Physical , & Analytical --- 21
Chemistry : Organic & Biological --- 22
Conservation --- 23
Engineering --- 26
Geology --- 26
Physics --- 28
Physiology --- 29
Psychology/Linguistics --- 32
Science Teaching --- 32
Zoology --- 32
Local Arrangements Committee --- 34
Annual Meeting Committee --- …
109th Session Iowa Academy Of Science Awards Luncheon, April 25, 1997, Iowa Academy Of Science
109th Session Iowa Academy Of Science Awards Luncheon, April 25, 1997, Iowa Academy Of Science
Iowa Academy of Science Documents
Program:
--- Introductions - Bill Gilbert, President
--- Recognition of students participating in various statewide activities - Sue Smith, Chair, Student Programs Committee
--- Presentation of scholarship winners and 1998 AJAS representatives - Peggy Tilgner, Director, Iowa Junior Academy of Science
Presentation of Excellence in Science Teaching Awards - Peg Steffen, Director, ESTA Program
Program Abstracts, 109th Session, Iowa Academy Of Science, April 25-26, 1997, Iowa Academy Of Science
Program Abstracts, 109th Session, Iowa Academy Of Science, April 25-26, 1997, Iowa Academy Of Science
Iowa Academy of Science Documents
Presentation abstracts from the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of Science
Iowa Academy Of Science President's Banquet [109th Session], Iowa Academy Of Science
Iowa Academy Of Science President's Banquet [109th Session], Iowa Academy Of Science
Iowa Academy of Science Documents
Program:
Introductions
Awards:
Distinguished Fellow: Peter A. Peterson
Distinguished Fellow: M.A. Tabatabai
Distinguished Iowa Scientist: Charles E. Glatz
Distinguished Iowa Scientist: James Dinsmore
Distinguished Iowa Science Teacher: Edwin T. Cawley
Distinguished Iowa Science Teacher: Robert Mutel
Distinguished Service: The Aldo Leopold Center for Stustainable Agriculture, ISU
President's Address - Bill Gilbert
Response - Richard Lampe, President-Elect
General Sessions II - Jerome A. Enzler, "Cultural Aspects of the Mississippi River: Past, Present, and Future"
Efficiency Of Molecular Hydrogen Formation On Silicates, Gianfranco Vidali, Valerio Pirronello, Ofer Biham, Chi Liu, Lyiong Shen
Efficiency Of Molecular Hydrogen Formation On Silicates, Gianfranco Vidali, Valerio Pirronello, Ofer Biham, Chi Liu, Lyiong Shen
Physics - All Scholarship
We report on laboratory measurements of molecular hydrogen formation and recombination on an olivine slab as a function of surface temperature under conditions relevant to those encountered in the interstellar medium. On the basis of our experimental evidence, we recognize that there are two main regimes of H coverage that are of astrophysical importance; for each of them we provide an expression giving the production rate of molecular hydrogen in interstellar clouds.
Introduction To Heterogeneous Computing Including Corba (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), Matthew S. Staben
Introduction To Heterogeneous Computing Including Corba (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), Matthew S. Staben
Undergraduate University Honors Capstones
This capstone discusses the ability of two or more machines to cooperatively work to accomplish a task, called heterogeneous computing. It explores different ways for computers to connect. Ultimately, Staben determines that object request brokers compliant systems are ideal for communication across servers.
Multiflavor Massive Schwinger Model With Non-Abelian Bosonization, Joseph Schechter, David Delphenich
Multiflavor Massive Schwinger Model With Non-Abelian Bosonization, Joseph Schechter, David Delphenich
Physics - All Scholarship
We revisit the treatment of the multiflavor massive Schwinger model by non-Abelian Bosonization. We compare three different approximations to the low-lying spectrum: i) reading it off from the bosonized Lagrangian (neglecting interactions), ii) semi-classical quantization of the static soliton, iii) approximate semi-classical quantization of the ``breather'' solitons. A number of new points are made in this process. We also suggest a different ``effective low-energy Lagrangian'' for the theory which permits easy calculation of the low-energy scattering amplitudes. It correlates an exact mass formula of the system with the requirement of the Mermin-Wagner theorem.
Distribution Of Heavy Metals And Trace Elements In Soils Of Southwest Oregon, Rafiqul Alam Khandoker
Distribution Of Heavy Metals And Trace Elements In Soils Of Southwest Oregon, Rafiqul Alam Khandoker
Dissertations and Theses
Soil samples from 118 sites on 71 geologic units in southwest Oregon were collected and analyzed to determine the background concentrations of metals in soils of the region. Sites were chosen in areas that were relatively undisturbed by human activities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approved total-recoverable method was used to recover metals from samples for analysis. The twenty six metals analyzed were: Ag, AI, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn.
The Klamath Mountains followed by the Coast Range contain the …