Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Basic Issues Between Science And Scripture: Theological Implications Of Alternative Models And The Necessary Basis For The Sabbath In Genesis 1-2, Norman R. Gulley

Journal of the Adventist Theological Society

No abstract provided.

Buckling Rate And Overhang Development At A Calving Face, Brian Hanson, Roger Hooke

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Using the finite-element we have modeled the stress field near the calving face of an idealized tidewater glacier under a variety of assumptions about submarine calving-face height, subaerial calving-face height, and ice rheology These simulations all suggest that a speed maximum should be present at the calving face near the waterline. In experiments without crevassing, the decrease in horizontal velocity above this maximum culminates in a zone of longitudinal compression at the surface somewhat Up-glacier from the face. This zone of compression appears to be a consequence of the non-linear rheology of ice. It disappears when a linear rheology is …

Thickness Changes On Whillans Ice Stream And Ice Stream C, West Antarctica, Derived From Laser Altimeter Measurements, Vandy Blue Spikes, Beáta M. Csathó, Gordon S. Hamilton, Ian M. Whillans

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Repeat airborne laser altimeter measurements are used to derive surface elevation changes on parts of Whillans Ice Stream and Ice Stream C, West Antarctica. Elevation changes are converted to estimates of ice equivalent thickness change using local accumulation rates, surface snow densities and vertical bedrock motions. The surveyed portions of two major tributaries of Whillans Ice Stream are found to be thinning almost uniformly at an average rate of similar to 1 m a(-1). Ice Stream C has a complicated elevation-change pattern, but is generally thickening. These results are used to estimate the contribution of each surveyed region to the …

Relating Crevassing To Non-Linear Strain In The Floating Part Of Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland, Paul R. Prescott, James P. Kenneally, Terence J. Hughes

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Jakobshavn Isbrae is a major ice stream that drains the west-central Greenland ice sheet and becomes afloat in Jakobshavn Isfiord (69degreesN, 49degreesW), where it has maintained the world's fastest-known sustained velocity and calving rate (7 km a(-1)) for at least four decades. The floating portion is approximately 12 km long and 6 km wide. Surface elevations and motion vectors were determined photogrammetrically for about 500 crevasses on the floating ice, and adjacent grounded ice, using aerial photographs obtained 2 weeks apart in July 1985. Surface strain rates were computed from a mesh of 399 quadrilateral elements having velocity measurements at …

Deductive Mathematics: An Introduction To Proof And Discovery For Mathematics Education, Andrew Wohlgemuth

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Scholarship

Mathematics has two fundamental aspects: (1) discovery/logical deduction and (2) description/ computation. Discovery/deductive mathematics asks the questions:

1. What is true about this thing being studied?

2. How do we know it is true?

On the other hand, descriptive/computational mathematics asks questions of the type:

3. What is the particular number, function, and so on, that satisfies ... ?

4. How can we find the number, function, and so on?

In descriptive/computational mathematics, some pictorial, physical, or business situation is described mathematically, and then computational techniques are applied to the mathematical description, in order to find values of interest. The …

Maine's Salt Marshes: Their Functions, Values, And Restoration, Michele Dionne, Erno Bonebakker, Kristen Grant

Maine Sea Grant Publications

This illustrated resource booklet for Maine residents educates the reader about the properties and functions of salt marshes. It also facilitates leadership and participation in restoration efforts by providing information for further resources.

Field Guide To Phytoplankton In The Gulf Of Maine, Susan White

Maine Sea Grant Publications

This field 50-leaf guide was created for the citizen volunteers who provide a first-alert system to the Maine Department of Marine Resources by watching for the presence of potentially toxic phytoplankton along the coast. The waterproof cards (held in a three-ring binder) provide color images from light microscopes at 200X or 400X, as well as identifying characteristics, natural history facts, and known impacts of 22 types of phytoplankton. A glossary, size chart, bibliography, and a brief about zooplankton are also included.

Herbicide Loading To Shallow Ground Water Beneath Nebraska’S Management Systems Evaluation Area, Roy F. Spalding, Darrell G. Watts, Daniel D. Snow, David A. Cassada, Mary E. Exner, James S. Schepers

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

Better management practices can counter deterioration of ground water quality. From 1991 through 1996 the influence of improved irrigation practices on ground water pesticide contamination was assessed at the Nebraska Management SystemsEvaluation Area. Three 13.4-ha corn (Zea mays L.) fields were studied: a conventional furrow-irrigated field, a surge-irrigated field and a center pivot–irrigated field, and a center pivot–irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field. The corn fields received one identical banded application of Bicep (atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,-diamine] _ metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide]) annually; the alfalfa field was untreated. Ground water samples were collected …

Herbicides In Ground Water Beneath Nebraska’S Management Systems Evaluation Area, Roy F. Spalding, Mary E. Exner, Daniel D. Snow, David A. Cassada, Mark E. Burbach, Stephen J. Monson

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

Profiles of ground water pesticide concentrations beneath the Nebraska Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) describe the effect of 20 years of pesticide usage on ground water in the central Platte Valley of Nebraska. During the 6-yr (1991–1996) study, 14 pesticides and their transformation products were detected in 7848 ground water samples from the unconfined water table aquifer. Triazine and acetamide herbicides applied on the site and their transformation products had the highest frequencies of detection. Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,-diamine] concentrations decreased with depth and ground water age determined with ³H/³He dating techniques. Assuming equivalent atrazine …

Abandoned Mine Waste Repositories: Site Selction, Design, And Cost, K. L. Ford, M. Walker

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is conducting priority cleanups of abandoned mine sites on public lands. Typically, these sites contain tailings piles, cyanide heaps, and rock dumps that historically were constructed in or near drainages and now are releasing pollutants into watersheds. In compliance with regulations, BLM selects the most environmentally suitable site for removing mining waste and placing it into repositories. Repositories have different design features, and the design selected should be based on site-specific conditions and the results of water balance models. A Geographic Information System (GIS) can be a useful tool for screening and selecting a …

Analyses Of Natural Gases, 1998–2001, B. D. Gage, D. L. Driskill

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

Technical Note 412 contains analyses and related source data for 311 natural gas samples from 13 States. Of the total samples, 309 were collected during calendar years 1998 through 2001. The analyses were made using mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography. None of the analyses have been published previously in other analyses reports. All samples were obtained and analyzed as part of the United States Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Land Management investigations of the occurrences of helium in natural gases of countries with free-market economies. The results of these investigations are published periodically to make the information available to …

Passive Treatment Systems For Acid Mine Drainage, K. L. Ford

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

Passive Treatment Systems provide an alternative method for removing metals from acid mine drainage. There are several types of passive treatment systems; they may be used on their own or in combination to treat difficult effluents. The type of system selected is dependent upon the chemistry of the acid mine drainage and the flow of the discharge, as well as State and Federal regulations. Passive treatment systems do not require power and are less expensive than active treatment systems. They also require less maintenance, which makes them advantageous in remote locations.

Wildlife Water Catchment Construction In Nevada, William R. Brigham, Craig Stevenson

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

This technical note describes two artificial water catchment (guzzler) construction methods that are used in northern and southern Nevada. In northern Nevada, a standard guzzler unit is constructed, and a site is located in which to install it. In southern Nevada, the slickrock and artificial apron units are tailored to specific sites. Each of these methods includes detailed information on site selection, site preparation, selection and transport of materials and equipment, and step-by-step construction information. The technical note should give prospective builders enough information to construct a guzzler on their own. The note also includes information on construction methods and …

Evidence For Disease-Related Amphibian Decline In Colorado, Erin Muths, Paul Stephen Corn, Allan P. Pessier, D. Earl Green

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The recent discovery of a pathogenic fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) associated with declines of frogs in the American and Australian tropics, suggests that at least the proximate cause, may be known for many previously unexplained amphibian declines. We have monitored boreal toads in Colorado since 1991 at four sites using capture–recapture of adults and counts of egg masses to examine the dynamics of this metapopulation. Numbers of male toads declined in 1996 and 1999 with annual survival rate averaging 78% from 1991 to 1994, 45% in 1995 and 3% between 1998 and 1999. Numbers of egg masses also declined. …

Recovering Species Of Conservation Concern-Are Populations Expendable?, May Ruckelshaus, Paul Mcelhany, Michael J. Ford

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Simply mentioning the notion of species expendability may seem reprehensible, but it is a question raised often when conservation biology meets conservation practice, as in this volume. In particular, when arguing for the value of biodiversity, biologists are faced with the challenge of examining the roles that particular species might play in community function and whether there are redundancies in the functions of certain species. Does every species need to be conserved for our ecosystems to function? The question of expendability also is important in conservation planning that occurs at the species level: does every population need to be saved …

Low Frequency Calls Of Bryde's Whales, Erin M. Oleson, Jay Barlow, Jonathan Gordon, Shannon Rankin, John A. Hildebrand

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Despite significant effort, only two published reports describe Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) calls (Cummings et al. 1986, Edds et al. 1993). In both studies fundamental call frequencies were greater than 90 Hz, somewhat higher than the call frequencies attributed to other balaenopterids (Clark 1990, Edds-Walton 1997). Through opportunistic acoustic recordings, we obtained and analyzed numerous examples of Bryde's whale calls from three habitats: the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), the southern Caribbean, and the northwest Pacific near the coast of Japan. In all but a single case, call frequencies of 60 Hz or less were observed.

Letter To The Editor: Comment On ‘‘Hydrocarbon Composition And Toxicity Of Sediments Following The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill In Prince William Sound, Alaska, Usa’’, Stanley D. Rice, Mark G. Carls, Ron A. Heintz, Jeffrey W. Short

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

In their recent paper, Page et al. concluded that spilled oil lost toxicity due to weathering and that it dispersed from beaches so rapidly that the potential for toxicity is now, 13 years after the spill, negligible. Their conclusions, however, are based on insensitive toxicity tests, a statistical design with low power, and invalid assumptions regarding the extent and location of remaining oil.

Although Page et al. make a convincing case that the narcotic toxicity of Exxon Valdez oil declined rapidly after the spill, the claim that all oil toxicity has similarly declined requires a higher standard of evidence. They …

A Model Life Table For Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) From The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, U.S.A., Megan K. Stolen, Jay Barlow

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Data gathered from 220 stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tzmiop tvuncatlls) in the Indian River Lagoon system, Florida, were used to derive a life table. Survivorship curves were fit to the data using Siler’s competing-risk model and a maximum likelihood approach. Population growth was estimated to be between r = 0.0 and 0.046 based on the observed numbers of stranded dolphins. Variance in survival rates was estimated using an individual-based, age-structured population projection model. We estimate that the overall annual mortality rate for this population was 9.8% per year. Sex-specific differences in survivorship were apparent with females outliving males. The …

Segregation Of Migration By Feeding Ground Origin In North Atlantic Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae), Peter T. Stevick, Judith Allen, Martine Berube, Phillip J. Clapham, Steven K. Katona, Finn Larsen, Jon Lien, David K. Mattila, Per J. Palsbøll, Jooke Robbins, Johann Sigurjonsson, Tim D. Smith, Nils Øien, Philip S. Hammond

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Results from a large-scale, capture–recapture study of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the North Atlantic show that migration timing is influenced by feeding ground origin. No significant differences were observed in the number of individuals from any feeding area that were re-sighted in the common breeding area in the West Indies. However, there was a relationship between the proportion (logit transformed) of West Indies sightings and longitude (r² = 0.97, F_1,3 = 98.27, P = 0.0022) suggesting that individuals feeding farther to the east are less likely to winter in the West Indies. A relationship was also detected …

Integral Transforms Of Functionals In L2(C0[0, T]), Byoung Soo Kim, David Skough

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition that a functional F(x) in L₂(C₀[0, T]) has an integral transform F_α,βF(x) which also belongs to L₂(C₀[0, T]).

Temperature Variations From Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy Of The Orion Nebula, R. H. Rubin, P. G. Martin, R. J. Dufour, Gary J. Ferland, K. P. M. Blagrave, X.-W. Liu, J. F. Nguyen, J. A. Baldwin

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS long-slit spectroscopy of NGC 1976. Our goal is to measure the intrinsic line ratio [O III] 4364/5008 and thereby evaluate the electron temperature (T_e) and the fractional mean-square T_e variation (t²_A)across the nebula. We also measure the intrinsic line ratio [N II] 5756/6585 in order to estimate T_e and t²_A in the N⁺region. The interpretation of the [N II] data is not as clear cut as the [O III] data because of a higher sensitivity to knowledge …

Precision Farming In Central Kentucky: Evaluating Public And Private Sector Influence On The Adoption Decision, Rod Grusy

Soil Science News and Views

The Cooperative Extension Service is challenged to assess the needs of customers who are unable or unwilling to try new production techniques with the potential to increase profitability. Precision Farming (PF) is a production technique that has the goal of maximizing economic potential by using technology that recognizes variability within fields. Ample research from the last decade shows that precision technologies hold promise for enhanced agricultural profitability. A study conducted in three Central Kentucky counties in 2001 shows that farmers obtain information for decision-making related to PF technologies from their local fertilizer dealer and the Cooperative Extension Service but are …

Value Of Nutrients In Poultry Litter When Applied In The Fall, Monroe Rasnake, George Kelley

Soil Science News and Views

The value of nutrients in poultry litter depends not only on how much nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) it contains, but also on how it is handled and applied. The following table compares the value of 19 poultry litter samples from Hopkins County analyzed for N, P & K and the litter then spread in the fall. The samples include pullet, breeder and broiler manures, with storage times up to one year. Nutrient values were based on a comparison with urea (46-0-0) at $199/ton, triple super phosphate (0-46-0) at $215/ton and muriate of potash (0-0-60) at $165/ton.

Controls On Middle To Late Ordovician Synorogenic Deposition In The Southeastern Corner Of Laurentia, German Bayona

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Middle and Upper Ordovician strata in the southernmost Appalachians document initial collision along the southeastern margin of Laurentia during the Blountian orogeny, an early phase of the Taconic orogeny. Coeval drowning and exposure of different parts of the former platform and variations in stratal architecture have been attributed to tectonic and depositional loading along the collisional margin. Stratigraphic correlations, using a bentonite-graptoliteconodont time framework, a palinspastic map, and a map of subsurface basement structures, suggest that basement-fault reactivation, flexural subsidence, and eustasy variously controlled uplift, subsidence, and deposition at different sites within the peripheral foreland basin. This dissertation documents how …

Fixed Points Of Holomorphic Mappings For Domains In Banach Spaces, Lawrence A. Harris

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We discuss the Earle-Hamilton fixed-point theorem and show how it can be applied when restrictions are known on the numerical range of a holomorphic function. In particular, we extend the Earle-Hamilton theorem to holomorphic functions with numerical range having real part strictly less than 1. We also extend the Lumer-Phillips theorem estimating resolvents to dissipative holomorphic functions.

Measurement Of The Index Of Refraction Of A Flat Zinc Germanium Phosphide Wafer In The Infrared, Glen Gillen, Shekhar Guha

Physics

We have developed and tested a novel application of interferometry to determine the absolute refractive index of individual infrared materials having flat and parallel surfaces without alteration of the sample in any way, and measured no for ZnGeP₂.

The Temporally Filtered Navier-Stokes Equations: Propertes Of The Residual Stress, C. D. Pruett, T. B. Gatski, Chester E. Grosch, W. D. Thacker

CCPO Publications

Recent interest in the development of a unifying framework among direct numerical simulations, large-eddy simulations, and statistically averaged formulations of the Navier-Stokes equations, provides the motivation for the present paper. Toward that goal, the properties of the residual (subgrid-scale) stress of the temporally filtered Navier-Stokes equations are carefully examined. This includes the frame-invariance properties of the filtered equations and the resulting residual stress. Causal time-domain filters, parametrized by a temporal filter width 0infinity, the residual stress is equivalent to the long-time averaged stress, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are recovered from the temporally filtered equations. The predicted behavior at the …

Near-Surface Currents In Desoto Canyon (1997–99): Comparison Of Current Meters, Satellite Observation, And Model Simulation, Dong-Ping Wang, Lie-Yauw Oey, Tal Ezer, Peter Hamilton

CCPO Publications

This study evaluates a data-assimilated model simulation of near-surface circulation in DeSoto Canyon (DSC), Gulf of Mexico, with emphasis on analyzing moored current-meter observations and comparing them with satellite data and model results. The study period is for two years from April 1997 to April 1999. The model results are from a high-resolution Gulf of Mexico model forced by analyzed wind and surface heat flux. Two types of data are used to deduce near-surface circulation: moored current meters at 13 locations in the DSC, and satellite sea level anomaly. The moored currents are mapped through multivariate objective analysis to produce …

The Variability Of Currents In The Yucatan Channel: Analysis Of Results From A Numerical Ocean Model, Tal Ezer, Lie-Yauw Oey, Hyun-Chul Lee, Wilton Sturges

CCPO Publications

The flow through the Yucatan Channel and into the Gulf of Mexico is a major component of the Gulf Stream and the subtropical gyre circulation. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the forcing and physical parameters that effect the current structures in the Channel. This paper attempts to improve our understanding of the flow through the Channel with a detailed analysis of the currents obtained from a primitive-equation model that includes the Gulf and the entire Caribbean Sea and forced by 6-hourly wind from ECMWF. The analysis includes two parts: First, the overall statistics of the model results, including the …

Bio-Optical Properties Of The Labrador Sea, Glenn F. Cota, W. Glen Harrison, Trevor Platt, Shubha Sathyendranath, Venetia Stuart

CCPO Publications

Three cruises were conducted during fall and spring in the Labrador Sea to investigate the effects of bio-optical properties on satellite retrievals of phytoplankton chlorophyll in this important high-latitude ecosystem. Taxon-specific and regional differences were found. Diatoms had similar to 1.5 lower chlorophyll-specific absorption but significantly higher reflectance ratios than prymnesiophytes. Particulate absorption at 443 nm for total, phytoplankton, and "detrital'' fractions was related to chlorophyll, but values were lower than reported for lower latitudes. Decreased particulate absorption is attributed primarily to pigment packaging, while low backscattering to scattering ratios result from a lower relative abundance of bacteria and picophytoplankton …