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2003

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Articles 3571 - 3600 of 3876

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Dephasing Of Entangled Electron-Hole Pairs In A Degenerate Electron Gas, J. L. Van Velsen, M. Kindermann, C. W. J. Beenakker Jan 2003

Dephasing Of Entangled Electron-Hole Pairs In A Degenerate Electron Gas, J. L. Van Velsen, M. Kindermann, C. W. J. Beenakker

Turkish Journal of Physics

A tunnel barrier in a degenerate electron gas was recently discovered as a source of entangled electron-hole pairs. Here, we investigate the loss of entanglement by dephasing. We calculate both the maximal violation E_{max} of the Bell inequality and the degree of entanglement (concurrence) C. If the initially maximally entangled electron-hole pair is in a Bell state, then the Bell inequality is violated for arbitrary strong dephasing. The same relation E_{max} = 2 \sqrt{1 + C^2} then holds as in the absence of dephasing. More generally, for a maximally entangled superposition of Bell states, the Bell inequality is satisfied for …


Decoherence In Ballistic Mesoscopic Interferometers, Georg Seelig, Sebastian Pilgram, Markus Büttiker Jan 2003

Decoherence In Ballistic Mesoscopic Interferometers, Georg Seelig, Sebastian Pilgram, Markus Büttiker

Turkish Journal of Physics

We provide a theoretical explanation for two recent experiments on decoherence of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in two- and multi-terminal ballistic rings. We consider decoherence due to charge fluctuations and emphasize the role of charge exchange between the system and the reservoir or nearby gates. A time-dependent scattering matrix approach is shown to be a convenient tool for the discussion of decoherence in ballistic conductors.


Qce: A Simulator For Quantum Computer Hardware, Kristel Michielsen, Hans De Raedt Jan 2003

Qce: A Simulator For Quantum Computer Hardware, Kristel Michielsen, Hans De Raedt

Turkish Journal of Physics

The Quantum Computer Emulator (QCE) described in this paper consists of a simulator of a generic, general purpose quantum computer and a graphical user interface. The latter is used to control the simulator, to define the hardware of the quantum computer and to debug and execute quantum algorithms. QCE runs in a Windows 98/NT/2000/ME/XP environment. It can be used to validate designs of physically realizable quantum processors and as an interactive educational tool to learn about quantum computers and quantum algorithms. A detailed exposition is given of the implementation of the CNOT and the Toffoli gate, the quantum Fourier transform, …


Adiabatic Quantum Pumping Of Coherent Electrons, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Amnon Aharony, Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs Jan 2003

Adiabatic Quantum Pumping Of Coherent Electrons, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Amnon Aharony, Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs

Turkish Journal of Physics

We review recent theoretical calculations of charge transfer through mesoscopic devices in response to slowly-oscillating, spatially-confined, potentials. The discussion is restricted to non-interacting electrons, and emphasizes the role of quantum interference and resonant transmission in producing almost integer values (in units of the electronic charge e) of the charge transmitted per cycle, Q. The expression for the pumped charge is derived from a systematic expansion of the system scattering states in terms of the temporal derivatives of the instantaneous solutions. This yields the effect of the modulating potential on the Landauer formula for the conductance in response to a constant …


Quantum Computing With Electrons On Liquid Helium, İsmai̇l Karakurt Jan 2003

Quantum Computing With Electrons On Liquid Helium, İsmai̇l Karakurt

Turkish Journal of Physics

A quantum computer based on electrons floating over liquid helium is described. Each qubit is made of combinations of ground and first excited states of an electron trapped over micro-electrodes just below the helium surface. We describe mechanisms for preparing the initial state of the qubit, operations with the qubits, and a proposed readout. This system is, in principle, capable of \sim 10^4 operations in a decoherence time, the time in which the wave function collapses.


Persistent Currents In Mesoscopic Loops And Networks, Igor O. Kulik Jan 2003

Persistent Currents In Mesoscopic Loops And Networks, Igor O. Kulik

Turkish Journal of Physics

The paper describes persistent (also termed ``permanent", or ``non-decaying") currents in mesoscopic metallic and macromolecular rings, cylinders and networks. The current arises as a response of system to Aharonov-Bohm flux threading the conducting loop and does not require external voltage to support the current. Magnitude of the current is periodic function of magnetic flux with a period of normal-metal flux quantum \Phi_0 = hc/e. Spontaneous persistent currents arise in regular macromolecular structure without the Aharonov-Bohm flux provided the azimuthal periodicity of the ring is insured by strong coupling to periodic background (a ``substrate"), otherwise the system will undergo the Peierls …


Au Nanoparticle Clusters: A New System To Model Hopping Conduction, Ç. Kurdak, J. Kim, L. A. Farina, K. M. Lewis, X. Bai, M. P. Rowe, A. J. Matzger Jan 2003

Au Nanoparticle Clusters: A New System To Model Hopping Conduction, Ç. Kurdak, J. Kim, L. A. Farina, K. M. Lewis, X. Bai, M. P. Rowe, A. J. Matzger

Turkish Journal of Physics

We study electrical transport through self-assembled Au nanoparticle clusters which can be viewed as a new model system to study hopping transport. The physics of such systems is governed by two parameters: the charging energy and tunnel coupling between the particles. The charging energy is determined by the size of the nanoparticles. When the diameter of the nanoparticles is less than 4-5 nm the charging energy is large enough that Coulomb blockade effects were observed in electrical transport even at room temperature. The magnitude of the tunnel coupling between the particles was determined by the thiol coating used. To study …


Towards Quantum Communication With Electron Spins, D. S. Saraga, G. Burkard, J. C. Egues, H. A. Engel, P. Recher, Daniel Loss Jan 2003

Towards Quantum Communication With Electron Spins, D. S. Saraga, G. Burkard, J. C. Egues, H. A. Engel, P. Recher, Daniel Loss

Turkish Journal of Physics

We review our recent work towards quantum communication in a solid-state environment with qubits carried by electron spins. We propose three schemes to produce spin-entangled electrons, where the required separation of the partner electrons is achieved via Coulomb interaction. The non-product spin-states originate either from the Cooper pairs found in a superconductor, or in the ground state of a quantum dot with an even number of electrons. In a second stage, we show how spin-entanglement carried by a singlet can be detected in a beam-splitter geometry by an increased (bunching) or decreased (antibunching) noise signal. We also discuss how a …


Orbital Entanglement And Violation Of Bell Inequalities In The Presence Of Dephasing, P. Samuelsson, Eugene Sukhorukov, Markus Büttiker Jan 2003

Orbital Entanglement And Violation Of Bell Inequalities In The Presence Of Dephasing, P. Samuelsson, Eugene Sukhorukov, Markus Büttiker

Turkish Journal of Physics

We discuss orbital entanglement in mesoscopic conductors, focusing on the effect of dephasing. The entanglement is detected via violation of a Bell Inequality formulated in terms of zero-frequency current correlations. Following closely the recent work by Samuelsson, Sukhorukov and Büttiker [1], we investigate how the dephasing affects the possibility to violate the Bell Inequality and how system parameters can be adjusted for optimal violation.


Preparation And Optimization Of High Quality Tin Films, Özlem Duyar, Cengi̇z Koçum, H. Zafer Durusoy Jan 2003

Preparation And Optimization Of High Quality Tin Films, Özlem Duyar, Cengi̇z Koçum, H. Zafer Durusoy

Turkish Journal of Physics

TiN thin films have been deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method on glass substrates. The effects of the substrate temperature and the substrate bias voltage on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were studied by using XRD, STM, optical transmission and resistivity measurements. The bias voltage was varied in the 0 to 200 V range for two substrate temperatures, 100 °C and 300 °C. The results showed that the substrate bias voltage influenced the stoichiometry and structure of the films. The smoothest and least porous TiN films were prepared at about 160 V substrate bias voltage …


Admittance And Impedance Spectroscopy On Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 Solar Cells, A. Sertap Kavasoglu, Habi̇be Bayhan Jan 2003

Admittance And Impedance Spectroscopy On Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 Solar Cells, A. Sertap Kavasoglu, Habi̇be Bayhan

Turkish Journal of Physics

The present work reports some experimental results on the electrical properties of high efficiency ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 heterojunction solar cells. Admittance spectroscopy has been employed for characterisation of the bulk and interface levels in the absorber Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 layer. The temperature dependent capacitance-frequency analysis indicated an emission from a shallow acceptor like defect level with an activation energy of about 75 meV. Information on the equivalent circuit model of the devices has been provided by the analysis of impedance measurements. The impedance data are presented in the Nyquist plot at several dc bias voltages at 300 K. The equivalent circuit model consisting of …


Structural, Electrical And Spectral Studies On Double Rare-Earth Orthoferrites La_{1-X}Nd_Xfeo_3, O.M. Hemeda, Mohsen Mohamed Barakat, D. M. Hemeda Jan 2003

Structural, Electrical And Spectral Studies On Double Rare-Earth Orthoferrites La_{1-X}Nd_Xfeo_3, O.M. Hemeda, Mohsen Mohamed Barakat, D. M. Hemeda

Turkish Journal of Physics

Samples of double rare-earth ferrite La_{1-x}Nd_xFeO_3 are synthesized by a high-temperature double sintering ceramic technique. X-ray diffraction shows that all compounds have an orthorhombic structure. The values of lattice parameter and the volume of the unit cell, changes with increasing Nd^{3+} content. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor decreases and goes far from unity with increasing Nd content. The samples containing Nd ions with x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 have higher resistivity than that of LaFeO_{3}, but for x \ge 0.4 the resistivity decreases. The results indicate the presence of extrinsic semiconducting properties up to 100 °C above which the hopping …


Physical Properties Of Spray Pyrolysed Cds Thin Films, A. Ashour Jan 2003

Physical Properties Of Spray Pyrolysed Cds Thin Films, A. Ashour

Turkish Journal of Physics

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were prepared by chemical spray-pyrolysis technique. Cleaned glass substrates were used. The substrate temperature was varied in the range 200 -- 400 °C and seems to be one of the more important parameters affecting the physical properties of the semiconductor. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns indicated the presence of single-phase hexagonal CdS. The resistivity of the as-deposited films was found to vary in the range 10^3 - 10^5 \Omega. Cm, depending on the substrate temperature. Direct band gap values of 2.39--2.42 eV were obtained from optical absorption measurements.


Growth Mechanism And Some Properties Of Cd_{1-X}Mn_X Se Semimagnetic Semiconductor Thin Films, V. S. Karande, S. H. Mane, Vithal Bhivaba Pujari, L. P. Deshmukh Jan 2003

Growth Mechanism And Some Properties Of Cd_{1-X}Mn_X Se Semimagnetic Semiconductor Thin Films, V. S. Karande, S. H. Mane, Vithal Bhivaba Pujari, L. P. Deshmukh

Turkish Journal of Physics

(Cd, Mn) Se dilute semiconductor or semimagnetic semiconductors have recently became the focus of intense research due to their interesting combination of magnetic and semiconducting properties, and are employed in a variety of devices including solar cells, gas sensors etc. A series of thin films of this material, Cd_{1 - x}Mn_xSe (0 \le x \le 0.5), were therefore synthesized onto precleaned amorphous glass substrates using a solution growth technique. The sources of cadmium (Cd^{2+}) and manganese (Mn^{2+}) were aqueous solutions of cadmium sulphate and manganese sulphate, and selenium (Se^{2-}) was extracted from a reflux of sodium selenosulphite. The different deposition …


Studies On The Opto-Electronic Constants Of Alkali-Halide Crystals, Mahmoud A. Salem Jan 2003

Studies On The Opto-Electronic Constants Of Alkali-Halide Crystals, Mahmoud A. Salem

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this presentation, the correlation between refractive index n of alkali-halide crystals and both energy band gap E_{g} and Pauling's electronegativity difference \Delta x have been studied. The following relations are proposed for estimating the refractive index n: n^2 + C = A / E_{g} ^{1 / 2} and n^2 + C = E / (\Delta x)^{0.425}, where A, C and E are numerical constants. In addition, an interrelation between the energy band gap E_{g} and electronegativity difference \Delta x has been also proposed. The proposed relation is E_g = 4.45 (\Delta x)^{0.85}. The estimated values of the refractive index …


Histological Effect Of Ascocotyle Tenuicollis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Metacercarial Infection On The Heart Of Fundulus Heteroclitus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae), Toni Hicks, Edna Steele Jan 2003

Histological Effect Of Ascocotyle Tenuicollis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Metacercarial Infection On The Heart Of Fundulus Heteroclitus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae), Toni Hicks, Edna Steele

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


South Carolina Statewide Science Safety Project., Linda Sinclair, Jack Gerlovich, Rahul A. Parsa Jan 2003

South Carolina Statewide Science Safety Project., Linda Sinclair, Jack Gerlovich, Rahul A. Parsa

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


2002 & 2003 Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts Jan 2003

2002 & 2003 Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


Maternal And Sibling Influences On Seed Germination Of Aegilops Triuncialis Erin, Erin Scott, Andrew R. Dyer Jan 2003

Maternal And Sibling Influences On Seed Germination Of Aegilops Triuncialis Erin, Erin Scott, Andrew R. Dyer

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


Scas Officers And Council Members 2003 - 2004 Jan 2003

Scas Officers And Council Members 2003 - 2004

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


U(1)-Invariant Special Lagrangian 3-Folds In {\Mathbb C}^3 And Special Lagrangian Fibrations, Dominic Joyce Jan 2003

U(1)-Invariant Special Lagrangian 3-Folds In {\Mathbb C}^3 And Special Lagrangian Fibrations, Dominic Joyce

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This is a survey of the author's series of three papers [8, 9, 10] on special Lagrangian 3-folds (SL 3-folds) in {\mathbb C}^3 invariant under the U(1)-action (z_1,z_2,z_3)e^{i\theta}z_1, e^{-i\theta}z_2,z_3), and their sequel {\mathbb C} [11] on special Lagrangian fibrations and the SYZ Conjecture. We briefly present the main results of these four long papers, giving some explanation and motivation, but no proofs. The aim is to make the results and ideas accessible to String Theorists and others who have an interest in special Lagrangian 3-folds and fibrations, but have no desire to read pages of technical analysis. Let N be …


On Locally M-Pseudoconvex A^*-Algebras, A. El Kinani Jan 2003

On Locally M-Pseudoconvex A^*-Algebras, A. El Kinani

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We consider classical A^*-algebras in the context of locally pseudoconvex algebras. Results concerning the auxiliary topology and A^* -algebras of the first kind are given.


Photochemical Reactions Of \Alpha-Terpinene And Acenaphthene Under Concentrated Sunlight, Nesi̇be Avcibaşi, Siddik İçli̇, Andrew Gilbert Jan 2003

Photochemical Reactions Of \Alpha-Terpinene And Acenaphthene Under Concentrated Sunlight, Nesi̇be Avcibaşi, Siddik İçli̇, Andrew Gilbert

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

\alpha-Terpinene was successfully dehydrogenated to p-cymene in photocatalytic reaction with benzophenone and cupric ions under 40 suns concentrated sunlight irradiation, proving that photodehydrogenation reactions may be employed for the synthesis of fine chemicals under sunlight. Acenaphthene dehydrogenation under concentrated sunlight resulted in the minor formation of acenaphthylene and the quantitative formation of acenaphthenone when the solution was aerated. Stable benzylic-type radical intermediates are thought to lower the yield of dehydrogenation reactions.


Purification And Partial Characterization Of Catalase From Chicken Erythrocytes And The Effect Of Various Inhibitors On Enzyme Activity, Tüli̇n Aydemi̇r, Kevser Kuru Jan 2003

Purification And Partial Characterization Of Catalase From Chicken Erythrocytes And The Effect Of Various Inhibitors On Enzyme Activity, Tüli̇n Aydemi̇r, Kevser Kuru

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Catalase plays a major role in the protection of tissues from the toxic effects of H_{2}O_{2} and partially reduced oxygen species. A nearly 136-fold enzyme purification was obtained from chicken erythrocyte by acetone precipitation, ethanol-chloroform treatment, CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The specific activity of purified enzyme was 42,556 U/mg. The molecular weight of the native chicken erythrocyte catalase was estimated at 240 kDa by gel filtration. SDS-gel electrophoresis results indicated that chicken erythrocyte catalase consists of four apparently identical subunits, with a molecular weight of around 57.5 kDa. The optical spectrum of the purified enzyme shows a Soret band …


A Novel Silver Recovery Method From Waste Photographic Films With Naoh Stripping, Nuri̇ Naki̇boğlu, Duygu Toscali, Gürel Ni̇sli̇ Jan 2003

A Novel Silver Recovery Method From Waste Photographic Films With Naoh Stripping, Nuri̇ Naki̇boğlu, Duygu Toscali, Gürel Ni̇sli̇

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A novel, simple, fast, cheap and pollution-free method was developed for recovering the silver from waste X-ray photographic films with NaOH stripping. The method has a number of advantages because it obviates the need for burning, oxidizing, electrolysis or purifying steps. Moreover, all experiments were carried out in the same flask, unlike other techniques. Silver recovery conditions were optimized and silver a purity level of 99\% was recovered. The metal impurities (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sn) in the recovered silver were determined using the ICP-MS method. The results were compared with results in …


Studies On The Mechanism Of Base-Catalyzed Decomposition Of Bicyclic Endoperoxides, Ebru Mete, Ramazan Altundaş, Hasan Seçen, Meti̇n Balci Jan 2003

Studies On The Mechanism Of Base-Catalyzed Decomposition Of Bicyclic Endoperoxides, Ebru Mete, Ramazan Altundaş, Hasan Seçen, Meti̇n Balci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Kinetic studies were performed to clarify the Kornblum-Delamare reaction mechanism of bicyclic endoperoxides. Ascaridol and 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene, not having \alpha -protons, did not provide any reaction with bases. Reaction with different bases has revealed that reaction rates for the base-catalyzed decomposition of 2,3-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene depend strongly on the base strength. The stronger the base used, the faster the conversion rate. Reaction rate values k of endoperoxides with different skeletons were also studied with NEt_{3}. It has been noted that the strength of the base plays the dominant role in determining the rate of the reactions.


The Kinetic Study Of The Chemical Oscillating System Of 1,3-Propanediol/Acetone As The Organic Substrate, Shi-Gang Shen, Caiqin Yang, Han-Wen Sun, Jin-Huan Shan, Ying Liu Jan 2003

The Kinetic Study Of The Chemical Oscillating System Of 1,3-Propanediol/Acetone As The Organic Substrate, Shi-Gang Shen, Caiqin Yang, Han-Wen Sun, Jin-Huan Shan, Ying Liu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This work was primarily an experimental investigation of the bromate oscillator using 1,3-propanediol and acetone as the mixed organic substrates. The empirical equation of the induction period and oscillating period with the concentrations of the reactants and temperature were obtained. The oscillating characteristic and possible oscillation mechanism were studied.


A Study On The Fatty Acid Composition Of Fish Liver Oil From Two Marine Fish, Eusphyra Blochii And Carcharhinus Bleekeri, Zafar S. Saify, Shamim Akhtar, Khalid Mohammed Khan, Shahnaz Perveen, Syed Abdul Majid Ayattollahi, Sohail Hassan, M. Arif, Syed Moazzam Haider, Faheem Ahmad, Sazada Siddiqui, Mohammeda Zarrar Khan Jan 2003

A Study On The Fatty Acid Composition Of Fish Liver Oil From Two Marine Fish, Eusphyra Blochii And Carcharhinus Bleekeri, Zafar S. Saify, Shamim Akhtar, Khalid Mohammed Khan, Shahnaz Perveen, Syed Abdul Majid Ayattollahi, Sohail Hassan, M. Arif, Syed Moazzam Haider, Faheem Ahmad, Sazada Siddiqui, Mohammeda Zarrar Khan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Two species of shark found in the coastal waters Karachi (Pakistan) were studied, Eusphyra blochii (winghead snark) and Carcharhinus bleekeri (sandbar shark) for their liver oil fatty acid composition. Since liver has high lipid content and traditionally the liver oil of these species been used to relieve muscular pain and arthritis in Pakistan this study was conducted. The isolation, identification and characterization of these fatty acids were carried out by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and a combination of the thin layer chromatography (TLC)-GLC technique. A large variation was observed between winghead shark liver oil and sandbar shark liver oil. Twenty-five …


Crystal Structure Of Cis-Bis(N,N-Dimethyl-N'-Benzoylthioureato)Palladium(Ii), Göktürk Avşar, Hakan Arslan, Hans-Jurgen Haupt, Nevzat Külcü Jan 2003

Crystal Structure Of Cis-Bis(N,N-Dimethyl-N'-Benzoylthioureato)Palladium(Ii), Göktürk Avşar, Hakan Arslan, Hans-Jurgen Haupt, Nevzat Külcü

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study cis-bis(N,N-dimethyl-N'-benzoylthioureato) palladium(II) is synthesised and the crystal structure is determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallises in the space group P2_{1}/c, with a = 11.943(1) Å, b = 11.713(1) Å, c = 15.345(1) Å, \beta = 93.90(1)°, and D_{calc} = 1.616 g cm^{-1} for Z = 4. The Pd(II) atom is in a four-coordinate geometry consisting of two thiocarbonyl S and two carbonyl O atoms from two ligand groups. The Pd-S and Pd-O bond lengths are 2.2313(6) and 2.0211(16) Å, respectively.


Iridoid And Phenylpropanoid Glycosides From Phlomis Samia, P. Monocephala And P. Carica, Funda Nuray Yalçin, Tayfun Ersöz, Pinar Akbay, İhsan Çaliş, Ali̇ Arslan Dönmez, Otto Sticher Jan 2003

Iridoid And Phenylpropanoid Glycosides From Phlomis Samia, P. Monocephala And P. Carica, Funda Nuray Yalçin, Tayfun Ersöz, Pinar Akbay, İhsan Çaliş, Ali̇ Arslan Dönmez, Otto Sticher

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

From the aerial parts of Phlomis samia an iridoid glucoside, shanzhiside methylester (1), and three phenylethanoid glycosides, martynoside (2), 4''-O-acetylmartynoside (3) and samioside (4), were isolated. From the overground parts of P. monocephala two iridoid glucosides, lamiide (5) and ipolamiide (6), as well as three phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (= acteoside) (7), forsythoside B (8), alyssonoside (9), and one lignan glucoside, syringaresinol 4'-O-\beta -D-glucopyranoside (10), were isolated. From the aerial parts of P. carica one phenylethanoid glycoside, verbascoside (= acteoside) (7) and three phenylpropanoid monomeric glucosides, syringin (11), dihydrosyringin (12) and coniferin (13), were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds …