Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Caster: A Scintillator-Based Black Hole Finder Probe, Mark L. Mcconnell, M L. Cherry, T G. Guzik, R M. Kippen, James M. Ryan, John R. Macri, R S. Miller, W Paciesas, B Schaefer, J G. Stacy, J P. Wefel, W T. Vestrand

Space Science Center

The primary scientific mission of the Black Hole Finder Probe (BHFP), part of the NASA Beyond Einstein program, is to survey the local Universe for black holes over a wide range of mass and accretion rate. One approach to such a survey is a hard X-ray coded-aperture imaging mission operating in the 10-600 keV energy band, a spectral range that is considered to be especially useful in the detection of black hole sources. The development of new inorganic scintillator materials provides improved performance (for example, with regards to energy resolution and timing) that is well suited to the BHFP science …

Vision-Based Human Directed Robot Guidance, Richard B. Arthur

Theses and Dissertations

This paper describes methods to track a user-defined point in the vision of a robot as it drives forward. This tracking allows a robot to keep itself directed at that point while driving so that it can get to that user-defined point. I develop and present two new multi-scale algorithms for tracking arbitrary points between two frames of video, as well as through a video sequence. The multi-scale algorithms do not use the traditional pyramid image, but instead use a data structure called an integral image (also known as a summed area table). The first algorithm uses edge-detection to track …

Photon And Neutral Pion Production In Au+Au Collisions At √SNn=130 Gev, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez

Physics

We report inclusive photon measurements about midrapidity (∣y∣<0.5) from ¹⁹⁷Au+¹⁹⁷Au collisions at √s_NN=130 GeV at RHIC. Photon pair conversions were reconstructed from electron and positron tracks measured with the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the STAR experiment. With this method, an energy resolution of ΔE ∕ E≈2% at 0.5GeV has been achieved. Reconstructed photons have also been used to measure the transverse momentum (p_t) spectra of π0mesons about midrapidity (∣y∣<1) via the π⁰→γγ decay channel. The fractional contribution of the π⁰→γγ decay to the inclusive photon spectrum decreases by 20%±5% between p_{t …}

Globular Cluster And Galaxy Formation: M31 The Milky Way And Implications For Globular Cluster Systems Of Spiral Galaxies, David Burstein, Yong Li, Kenneth C. Freeman, John E. Norris, Michael S. Bessell, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Brad K. Gibson, Mlchael A. Beasley, Hyun Chul Lee, Beatriz Barbuy, John P. Huchra, Jean P. Brodif, Duncan A. Forbes

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We find that the globular cluster (GC) systems of the Milky Way and of our neighboring spiral galaxy, M31, comprise two distinct entities, differing in three respects. First, M31 has a set of young GCs, ranging in age from a few times 10 2 Myr to 5 Gyr old, as well as old GCs. No such very young GCs are known in the Milky Way. Second, we confirm that the oldest M31 GCs have much higher nitrogen abundances than do Galactic GCs at equivalent metallicities, while carbon abundances appear normal for the GCs in both galaxies. Third, Morrison and coworkers …

Herbivore Experience With Plant Defense Compounds Influences Acquisition Of New Flavor Aversions, Bruce A. Kimball, Dale L. Nolte

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Multiple experiments were conducted with a mammalian herbivore to determine how experience

with plant secondary metabolites (terpenes and tannins) influenced acquisition of new aversions to

diets containing these same plant metabolites. Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) were employed as

behavioral models for this study. Twenty-four subjects were assigned to three treatment groups that

received 20 days of experience with test diets: (A) terpene diet only; (B) tannin diet only; and (C)

terpene and tannin diets offered singly on alternate days. In experiment 1, all subjects were offered

both diets in a two-choice test to determine if experience affected diet preference. Both …

Mohanty And Webb Reply, P. Mohanty, Richard A. Webb

Faculty Publications

A Reply to the Comment by V. I. Fal'ko et al.

Angular Dependence Of The Dipole-Dipole Interaction In A Nearly One-Dimensional Sample Of Rydberg Atoms, Thomas J. Carroll, Katharine Claringbould, Anne Goodsell, M. J. Lim, Michael Noel

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

Atoms in an ultracold highly excited sample are strongly coupled through the dipole-dipole interaction. In an effort to understand and manipulate the complicated interactions in this system we are investigating their dependence on the relative orientation of the dipoles. By focusing a 480 nm beam from a tunable dye laser into a magneto-optical trap, we produce a nearly one-dimensional sample of Rydberg atoms. The trap lies at the center of four conducting rods with which we can vary the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the trap, thus controlling the orientation of the dipoles with respect to the …

Fibrations And Contact Structures, Hamidou Dathe, Philippe Rukimbira

Department of Mathematics and Statistics

We prove that a closed 3-dimensional manifold is a torus bundle over the circle if and only if it carries a closed nonsingular 1-form which is linearly deformable into contact forms.

Rapidity And Centrality Dependence Of Proton And Antiproton Production From 197Au + 197Au Collisions At √SNn=130 Gev, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez

Physics

We report on the rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton transverse mass distributions from ¹⁹⁷Au+¹⁹⁷Au collisions at √s_NN=130 GeV as measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Our results are from the rapidity and transverse momentum range of ∣y∣<0.5 and 0.35 < p_t < 1.00 GeV ∕ c. For both protons and antiprotons, transverse mass distributions become more convex from peripheral to central collisions demonstrating characteristics of collective expansion. The measured rapidity distributions and the mean transverse momenta versus rapidity are flat within ∣y∣<0.5. Comparisons of our data with results from model calculations indicate that in order to obtain a consistent picture of the proton (antiproton) yields and transverse mass distributions the possibility of prehadronic collective expansion may have to be taken into account.

Use Of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy For Stress-Strain Measurements: Quarterly Progress Report (June 01 – August 31, 2004), Ajit K. Roy

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Highlights of Test Results:

• Residual stress measurements by the RC method on cold-worked specimens showed tensile residual stresses in austenitic stainless steel. However, compressive residual stresses were observed in martensitic stainless steel. This difference may be attributed to the difference in metallurgical phases and microstructures resulting from different thermal treatments imparted to them.

• Residual stress measurements by both ND and RC techniques on welded specimens showed similar patterns. Welded specimens consisting of similar material showed tensile residual stresses in the vicinity of the fusion line (FL). However, welded specimens consisting of dissimilar materials (austenitic and martensitic stainless steel …

High Dispersal In A Frog Species Suggests That It Is Vulnerable To Habitat Fragmentation, W. Chris Funk, Allison E. Greene, Paul Stephen Corn, Fred W. Allendorf

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Global losses of amphibian populations are a major conservation concern and their causes have generated substantial debate. Habitat fragmentation is considered one important cause of amphibian decline. However, if fragmentation is to be invoked as a mechanism of amphibian decline, it must first be established that dispersal is prevalent among contiguous amphibian populations using formal movement estimators. In contrast, if dispersal is naturally low in amphibians, fragmentation can be disregarded as a cause of amphibian declines and conservation efforts can be focused elsewhere. We examined dispersal rates in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) using capture–recapture analysis of over …

Immobilization Of Fission Iodine By Reaction With A Fullerene Containing Carbon Compound And Insoluble Natural Organic Matrix: Quarterly Report August-September 2004, Spencer M. Steinberg

Separations Campaign (TRP)

During first year of the project we were able to demonstrate iodine sorption by a sphagnum peat and Ca(OH)2 mixture. We decided to explore varying the ratio of Ca(OH)2 to sphagnum on the retention of iodine in both the iodine generator experiments and the fuel rod simulator experiments.

We also constructed a device for simulating the dissolution of fuel rods. Early experiments were impacted by sorption of iodine onto various components of the sorption train. We have eliminated or minimized iodine sorption by the system components. We retested both FCC and the sphagnum using this device. In these experiments a …

The Usage Of Pumice In The Manufacturing Of Isolated Monolithic Material, Günnur Ulusoy

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

A Spanning Tree Model For Khovanov Homology, Stephan Wehrli

Mathematics - All Scholarship

We use a spanning tree model to prove a result of E. S. Lee on the support of Khovanov homology of alternating knots.

Record Hail Event – Examination Of The Aurora, Nebraska Supercell Of 22 June 2003, Jared Guyer, Rick Ewald

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

During the late afternoon and early evening hours of 22 June 2003, thunderstorms developed from central Nebraska into north central Kansas, quickly becoming severe in an environment favorable for supercell thunderstorms. On this evening, portions of central Nebraska and north central Kansas were affected by tornadoes, destructive hail, and severe flooding.
In particular, a supercell thunderstorm moved northeastward across the community of Aurora, Nebraska, producing extremely large hail and multiple short-lived tornadoes. A record setting hailstone was ultimately discovered in Aurora, measuring 7.0 inches (17.78 cm) in diameter with an 18.75 inch (47.63 cm) circumference. This hailstone broke the previous …

Influences Of Land Use Patterns On Blackbird Abundance In The Prairie Pothole Region Of North Dakota, Greg M. Forcey, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

One issue affecting sunflower growers in the upper Great Plains of North America is crop depredation by blackbirds. In this region, blackbirds annually destroy an average of $5.4 million of sunflower. To increase the understanding of how blackbirds are influenced by large-scale land-use patterns, we developed multiple regression models to explain how various land use patterns influence blackbird abundance. We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and the USGS land cover assessment to develop regression models examining associations between land use characteristics and blackbird abundance. Both red-winged blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds were negatively associated with the amount …

Centrality And Pseudorapidity Dependence Of Charged Hadron Production At Intermediate PT In Au+Au Collisions At √SNn=130 Gev, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez

Physics

We present STAR measurements of charged hadron production as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at √s_NN=130 GeV. The measurements cover a phase space region of 0.2T<6.0GeV∕c in transverse momentum and −1<η<1 in pseudorapidity. Inclusive transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons in the pseudorapidity region 0.5<∣η∣<1 are reported and compared to our previously published results for ∣η∣<0.5. No significant difference is seen for inclusive p_T distributions of charged hadrons in these two pseudorapidity bins. We measured dN∕dη distributions and truncated mean p_T in a region of p_T>p_T^cut, and studied the results in the framework of participant and binary scaling. No clear evidence is observed for participant scaling of charged hadron yield in the measured p_T region. The relative importance of hard scattering processes is investigated through binary …

Management Of Cattail (Typha Spp.) Stands With Glyphosate To Disperse Blackbirds, George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan, Ryan L. Wimberly, Philip Mastrangelo, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and South Dakota, blackbirds (Icteridae) gather by the thousands in large premigratory roosts in late summer and early fall. Wetlands dominated by cattails (Typha spp.) provide ideal roosting habitat for these aggregations. Sunflower fields near large roosts can receive substantial damage. To eliminate potential roosting sites, Wildlife Services of the United States Department of Agriculture has implemented a cattail management program that aerially sprays dense cattail stands with the herbicide glyphosate m-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]. The continued viability of the program depends on a positive benefit-cost ratio and minimal environmental impacts. In this …

Effects Of Aerial Lines On Red-Winged Blackbird Nesting Success, William H. Clark, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Crop damage attributed to foraging red-winged blackbirds continues to be a problem in localized areas of the United States. Therefore, new methods that are both environmentally and public friendly need to be developed for repelling blackbirds. One such method that is more humane and less hazardous than the chemical control is the use of aerial lines to repel birds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerial lines on the reproductive effort of nesting red-winged blackbirds and to determine the spacing, type, and size of aerial lines that are most effective. Maximum likelihood estimates for the …

Quantification Of Cattail (Typha Spp.) In The Prairie Pothole Region Of North Dakota In Relation To Blackbird Damage To Sunflower, Scott T. Ralston, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Sunflower is an important crop for many farmers in the upper Midwest, especially in North Dakota and South Dakota. Blackbirds have been a major problem for the sunflower grower community. Bud depredation to a field can be devastating. The USDA-APHISWS is charged with reducing the conflict between the birds and the farmers. Many methods have been employed by Wildlife Services and other agencies to lessen the damage. One method is the reduction of the cattail (Typha spp.) habitat used by blackbirds in and around wetlands; however, cattails are used by other animals. Consequently, there is a need to insure …

Avian Use Of Roadside Habitat In The Southern Drift Plains Of North Dakota And Implications For Cattail (Typha Spp.) Management, Bryan D. Safratowich, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We determined avian use of roadside rights-of-way to develop proper management strategies for the manipulation of roadside cattail. Cattail management is a technique used to reduce nesting and roosting habitat for problematic blackbird species, which might feed on sunflower crops in the vicinity of cattail-dominated wetlands. Thirty quarter sections (1 quarter section ≈ 64.75 ha) located in the Southern Drift Plains of North Dakota served as our study units. Roadside habitat along two 0.5 mile (-0.8 km) transects bordering these quarter sections was surveyed to assess avian use. Additionally, nest surveys were , conducted to provide an index of breeding …

Avian Use Of Harvested Crop Fields During Spring Migration Trrough North Dakota, Alegra M. Galle, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Over the past century, the amount of mixed-grass prairie in North Dakota has diminished with a concomitant increase in land used for crop production. Consequently, the diversity of habitat available for migrant birds has decreased, and birds are now limited to choosing habitats that are uncharacteristic of those used during other times of the year. Because of the extensive agricultural production in this region, the value of harvested crop fields to spring-migrating birds was studied by examining avian habitat use in harvested fields to determine differences in bird use among these habitats. In the spring of 2003, 60 harvested fields …

Dark-Matter Electric And Magnetic Dipole Moments, Kris Sigurdson, Michael Doran, Andriy Kurylov, Robert R. Caldwell, Marc Kamionkowski

Dartmouth Scholarship

We consider the consequences of a neutral dark-matter particle with a nonzero electric and/or magnetic dipole moment. Theoretical constraints, as well as constraints from direct searches, precision tests of the standard-model, the cosmic microwave background and matter power spectra, and cosmic gamma rays, are included. We find that a relatively light particle with mass between an MeV and a few GeV and an electric or magnetic dipole as large as ∼3×10−16e  cm (roughly 1.6×10−5μB) satisfies all experimental and observational bounds. Some of the remaining parameter space may be probed with forthcoming more sensitive direct searches and with the Gamma-Ray Large …

Trace Fossils Of The Eastern Fan In Ci̇ngöz Formation (Nw Adana), Huriye Demi̇rcan, Vedia Toker

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of The Generalized Forward Spin Polarizabilities Of The Neutron, M. Amarian, L. Auerbach, T. Averett, J. Berthot, P. Bertin, W. Bertozzi, T. Black, E. Brash, D. Brown, E. Burtin, J. Calarco, G. Cates, Z. Chai, J. P. Chen, Seonho Choi, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, C. W. De Jager, A. Deur, R. Disalvo, S. Dieterich, P. Djawotho, J. M. Finn, K. Fissum, H. Fonvieille, S. Frullani, H. Gao, J. Gao, F. Garibaldi, A. Gasparian, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, A. Glamazdin, C. Glashausser, E. Goldberg, J. Gomez, V. Gorbenko, J. O. Hansen, B. Hersman, R. Holmes, G. M. Huber, E. Hughes, B. Humensky, S. W. Korsch, K. Kramer, K. Kumar, G. Kumbartzki, M. Kuss, Enkeleida K. Lakuriqi, G. Laveissiere, J. Lerose, M. Liang, N. Liyanage, G. Lolos, S. Malov, J. Marroncle, K. Mccormick, R. Mckeown, Z. E. Meziani, R. Michaels, J. Mitchell, Z. Papandreou, T. Pavlin, G. G. Petratos, D. Pripstein, D. Prout, R. Ransome, Y. Roblin, D. Rowntree, M. Rvachev, F. Sabatie, A. Saha, K. Slifer, P. Souder, T. Saito, S. Strauch, R. Suleiman, K. Takahashi, S. Teijiro, L. Todor, H. Tsubota, H. Ueno, G. Urciuoli, R. Van Der Meer, P. Vernin, H. Voskanian, B. Wojtsekhowski, F. Xiong, W. Xu, J. C. Yang, B. Zhang, P. A. Zolnierczuk

Enkeleida K. Lakuriqi

The generalized forward spin polarizabilities γ0 and δLT f the neutron have been extracted for the first time in a Q2 range from 0.1 to 0.9 GeV2. Since γ0 is sensitive to nucleon resonances and δLT is insensitive to the Δ resonance, it is expected that the pair of forward spin polarizabilities should provide benchmark tests of the current understanding of the chiral dynamics of QCD. The new results on δLT how significant disagreement with chiral perturbation theory calculations, while the data for γ0 at low Q2 re in good agreement with a next-to-leading-order …

Solvent And Method For Extraction Of Triglyceride Rich Oil, Shubhender Kapila, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, V. J. Flanigan

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The present invention relates to a solvent for use in extracting oil from an oil bearing material, such as soybeans, with the solvent resulting in the selective extraction of a triglyceride rich oil, which contains 95% or greater triglycerides and non-polar constituents, with the solvent comprised of a hydrocarbon, preferably hexane, and a fluorocarbon, so that the solvent has a viscosity less than 2.6 centipoise and a polarity of less than 0.1. The present invention also relates to a method of using the solvent to extract the triglyceride rich oil, with the method including preferably extracting the oil at a …

Hohenberg-Kohn Theory Including Spin Magnetism And Magnetic Fields, Walter Kohn, Andreas Savin, Carsten A. Ullrich

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Beginning with work by U. von Earth and L. Hedin in 1972 and continuing with recent papers in 2001 by K. Capelle and G. Vignale and by H. Eschrig and W. E. Pickett, questions have been raised about the meaning and validity of Hohenberg-Kohn theory when spin magnetism and/or magnetic fields are present. This article offers clarifications of some of these questions. in particular, it also concludes that these questions do not affect spin-density functional theory for nondegenerate ground states as currently practiced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Performance Evaluation Of A Resource Discovery Service, Jue Wang

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

In a pervasive computing environment, the number and variety of resources (services, devices, and contextual information resources) make it necessary for applications to accurately discover the best ones quickly. Thus a resource-discovery service, which locates specific resources and establishes network connections as better resources become available, is necessary for those applications. The performance of the resource-discovery service is important when the applications are in a dynamic and mobile environment. In this thesis, however, we do not focus on the resource- discovery technology itself, but the evaluation of the scalability and mobility of the resource discovery module in Solar, a context …

Relationship Between Drinking Water Treatment Chemical Usage And Lake Whatcom Water Quality And Algal Data, Robin A. Matthews

Lake Whatcom Other Reports

This assessment is based on daily Bellingham City water treatment data provided by Peg Wendling and a composite data file containing monthly averages for City water treatment chemical data and Institute for Watershed Studies water quality and algal data collected at the Intake site. The monthly averages were calculated using all available depths and dates from September 1992 through May 2004. (Note that the 2004 data only include January through May.)

Frasnian Brachiopoda Fauna From The Late Devonian Gümüşali̇ Formation In The Sai̇mbeyli̇ Region (Adana-Eastern Taurides), Gonca Eroğlu Nalcioğlu

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.