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2005

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Articles 2731 - 2760 of 5573

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Scanning Probe Investigation Of Surface Charge And Surface Potential Of Gan-Based Heterostructures, B. J. Rodriguez, W.-C. Yang, R. J. Nemanich, Alexei Gruverman Mar 2005

Scanning Probe Investigation Of Surface Charge And Surface Potential Of Gan-Based Heterostructures, B. J. Rodriguez, W.-C. Yang, R. J. Nemanich, Alexei Gruverman

Alexei Gruverman Publications

Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM( and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) have been employed to measure the surface potentials and the surface charge densities of the Ga- and the N-face of a GaN lateral polarity heterostructure (LPH). The surface was subjected to an HCl surface treatment to address the role of adsorbed charge on polarization screening. It has been found that while the Ga-face surface appears to be unaffected by the surface treatment, the N-face surface exhibited an increase in adsorbed screening charge density (1.6±0.5x1010 cm−-2), and a reduction of 0.3±0.1 V in the surface potential difference between …

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Screening Of Pharmaceuticals And Other Pollutants Of Concern By A Combination Of Chemical And Biological Methods, Arlette Azua Mar 2005

Screening Of Pharmaceuticals And Other Pollutants Of Concern By A Combination Of Chemical And Biological Methods, Arlette Azua

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP's) in surface waters of Florida and their potential to be use as indicators of wastewater contamination. Previous studies have shown that elimination of pharmaceuticals in municipal sewage treatment plants is often incomplete. Aquatic ecosystems are under increased stress from human activities, particularly in heavily populated areas. The purpose of this study was to find an ideal indicator for wastewater. The applied methods, GC/MS and LC/MS, were suitable for the determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aqueous environmental samples to the lower parts-per-trillion (ng/L) level. As a …

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Search For WBb̅ And Wh Production In Pp̅ Collisions At √S = 1.96 Tev, V. M. Abazov, Gregory R. Snow, D0 Collaboration Mar 2005

Search For WBb̅ And Wh Production In Pp̅ Collisions At √S = 1.96 Tev, V. M. Abazov, Gregory R. Snow, D0 Collaboration

Gregory Snow Publications

We present a search for Wbb̅ production in pp̅ collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV in events containing one electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and two b-tagged jets. Using 174 pb-1 of integrated luminosity accumulated by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, and the standard-model description of such events, we set a 95% C.L. upper limit on Wbb̅ production of 6.6 pb for b quarks with transverse momenta pTb > 20 GeV and bb̅ separation in pseudorapidity-azimuth space ΔRbb > 0.75. Restricting the search to optimized bb̅ mass intervals provides …

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Transverse-Momentum Dependent Modification Of Dynamic Texture In Central Au + Au Collisions At √SNn=200 Gev, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez Mar 2005

Transverse-Momentum Dependent Modification Of Dynamic Texture In Central Au + Au Collisions At √SNn=200 Gev, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez

Physics

Correlations in the hadron distributions produced in relativistic Au+Au collisions are studied in the discrete wavelet expansion method. The analysis is performed in the space of pseudorapidity (|η|≤1)and azimuth(full 2π) in bins of transverse momentum (pt) from 0.14≤pt≤2.1GeV/c. In peripheral Au+Au collisions a correlation structure ascribed to minijet fragmentation is observed. It evolves with collision centrality and pt in a way not seen before, which suggests strong dissipation of minijet fragmentation in the longitudinally expanding medium.

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Evaluation Of Models And Data For Assessing Whooping Crane Habitat In The Central Platte River, Nebraska, Adrian H. Farmer, Brian S. Cade, James W. Terrell, Jim H. Henriksen, Jeffery T. Runge Mar 2005

Evaluation Of Models And Data For Assessing Whooping Crane Habitat In The Central Platte River, Nebraska, Adrian H. Farmer, Brian S. Cade, James W. Terrell, Jim H. Henriksen, Jeffery T. Runge

United States Geological Survey: Water Reports and Publications

The primary objectives of this evaluation were to improve the performance of the Whooping Crane Habitat Suitability model (C4R) used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) for defining the relationship between river discharge and habitat availability, and to assist the Service in implementing improved model(s) with existing hydraulic files. The C4R habitat model is applied at the scale of individual river cross-sections, but the model outputs are scaled-up to larger reaches of the river using a decision support “model” comprised of other data and procedures. Hence, the validity of the habitat model depends at least partially on how …

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First Measurements Of Inclusive W And Z Cross Sections From Run Ii Of The Fermilab Tevatron Collider, Darin Acosta, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration Mar 2005

First Measurements Of Inclusive W And Z Cross Sections From Run Ii Of The Fermilab Tevatron Collider, Darin Acosta, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

We report the first measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections times leptonic branching ratios for pp̅ collisions at √s =1.96 TeV, based on their decays to electrons and muons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 72 pb-1 recorded with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We test e-µ universality in W decays, and we measure the ratio of leptonic W and Z rates from which the leptonic branching fraction B (W→ ℓν) can be extracted as well as an indirect value for the total width of the W and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix …

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Steady State Stress In A Coated Infinite Half-Space Subjected To A Moving Load, Jason M. Cruthirds Mar 2005

Steady State Stress In A Coated Infinite Half-Space Subjected To A Moving Load, Jason M. Cruthirds

Theses and Dissertations

This research investigates the use of coatings to mitigate the stress distribution into an infinite half-space. High energy impact phenomenon at velocities exceeding the speed of sound is an important area of interest to the Air Force Research Laboratory. Holloman Air Force Base's High Speed Test Track sustains significant damage due to this phenomenon. In this thesis, the track system and coating are modeled analytically with equations of motion in terms of linear displacements. Coating thickness and material properties of epoxy or polymer laminates are investigated to understand their affect of stress distribution in the rail. An analytic solution is …

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Nonsequential Double Ionization As A Completely Classical Photoelectric Effect, Phay J. Ho, R. Panfili, Stanley L. Haan, J. H. Eberly Mar 2005

Nonsequential Double Ionization As A Completely Classical Photoelectric Effect, Phay J. Ho, R. Panfili, Stanley L. Haan, J. H. Eberly

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

We introduce a unified and simplified theory of atomic double ionization. Our results show that at high laser intensities (I ≥ 1014 W/cm2) purely classical correlation is strong enough to account for all of the main features observed in experiments to date. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

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A Conceptual Model Of Groundwater Flow At The Midway, Utah Fish Hatchery As Constrained By Geochemical, Physical Hydrogeological, And Geophysical Methods, Camille Durrant Mar 2005

A Conceptual Model Of Groundwater Flow At The Midway, Utah Fish Hatchery As Constrained By Geochemical, Physical Hydrogeological, And Geophysical Methods, Camille Durrant

Theses and Dissertations

In addition to a loss of potential revenues from Utah's $393 million sport fishing industry, the state expends millions of dollars every year on costs associated with whirling disease mitigation and prevention. A state fish hatchery at Midway, Utah was closed when the shallow unconfined aquifer being used for fish culture by spring discharge was deemed to be contaminated by whirling disease. An alternative water source may exist in a confined aquifer below this contaminated unconfined aquifer. However, the complex hydrostratigraphy presents a challenge in determining if this source is a viable resource for fish culture. Geological, physical, chemical, geophysical, …

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A Uintan (Late Middle Eocene) Flora And Fauna From The Uinta Basin, Utah, Stephen Dee Sandau Mar 2005

A Uintan (Late Middle Eocene) Flora And Fauna From The Uinta Basin, Utah, Stephen Dee Sandau

Theses and Dissertations

Late Middle Eocene time marks one of the most dynamic periods of the Paleogene in the western interior of North America. Analysis of an extensive, new collection of plant, invertebrate, and vertebrae fossils from the Uinta Formation in the Uinta Basin, south of Myton, Utah, USA, provides evidence of environmental change. Paleobotanical specimens are preserved in late stage Uinta Lake sediments and coarse-grained fluvial sediments which are stratigraphically 650 to 660 m above the Green River Formation. Deposition rates estimates of 18 to 55 cm/kyr, for Uinta Lake sediments in the Uinta Basin suggest a period of 1.18 Ma to …

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Theoretical He I Emissivities In The Case B Approximation, R. L. Porter, R. P. Bauman, Gary J. Ferland, K. B. Macadam Mar 2005

Theoretical He I Emissivities In The Case B Approximation, R. L. Porter, R. P. Bauman, Gary J. Ferland, K. B. Macadam

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We calculate the He I case B recombination cascade spectrum using improved radiative and collisional data. We present new emissivities over a range of electron temperatures and densities. The differences between our results and the current standard are large enough to have a significant effect not only on the interpretation of observed spectra of a wide variety of objects, but also on determinations of the primordial helium abundance.

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Measurement Of The Α Asymmetry Parameter For The Ω-→Λk- Decay, Y. C. Chen, Timothy Holmstrom, Hypercp Collaboration Mar 2005

Measurement Of The Α Asymmetry Parameter For The Ω-→Λk- Decay, Y. C. Chen, Timothy Holmstrom, Hypercp Collaboration

Chemistry & Physics Faculty Publications

We have measured the α parameter of the Ω-→ΛK- decay using data collected with the HyperCP spectrometer during the 1997 fixed-target run at Fermilab. Analyzing a sample of 0.96×106 Ω-→ΛK-, Λ→pπ- decays, we obtain αΩαΛ=[1.33±0.33(stat)±0.52(syst)]×10-2. With the accepted value ofαΛ, αΩ is found to be [2.07±0.51(stat)±0.81(syst)]×10-2.

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Yucca Mountain Saturated Zone Carbon-14, James Thomas, Drew Coleman, Raymond E. Keeler, Amy J. Smiecinski Mar 2005

Yucca Mountain Saturated Zone Carbon-14, James Thomas, Drew Coleman, Raymond E. Keeler, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

This Scientific Investigation Plan (SIP) provides an overview of the work described in “Yucca Mountain Saturated Zone Carbon-14”, a proposal funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Repository Development under the UCCSN/YMP Co-op in support of the Science and Technology Initiatives. The objective of this work is to provide improved estimates of the time required for ground water to travel from the site of the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to the accessible environment.

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A Statistical Performance Model Of Homogeneous Raidb Clusters, Brandon Lamar Rogers Mar 2005

A Statistical Performance Model Of Homogeneous Raidb Clusters, Brandon Lamar Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

The continual growth of the Internet and e-commerce is driving demand for speed, reliability and processing power. With the rapid development and maturation of e-commerce, the need for a quick access to large amounts of information is steadily rising. Traditionally, database systems have been used for information storage and retrieval. However, with online auctions, rapid Internet searches, and data archival, the need for more powerful database systems is also growing. One type of distributed database is called Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Databases (RAIDb). RAIDb clusters are middleware-driven to promote interoperability and portability. RAIDb clusters allow for multiple levels of data …

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In-Line Particulate Transport And Dispersion Modeling Using The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (Rams), John W. Englert Mar 2005

In-Line Particulate Transport And Dispersion Modeling Using The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (Rams), John W. Englert

Theses and Dissertations

There are a number of analytical and semi-empirical models that describe the behavior of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Many of these require modification for all types of weather, dry versus wet deposition, and overall effects can be quite non-linear. Rainfall (rate, drop size, etc.), snowfall (rate, flake size, etc.), humidity, pressure, temperature, and combination of these greatly affect particle settling and washout rates. To that end, a method for tracking released constituents using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) microphysics package is developed by modifying one of the hydrometeor categories (hail) in the microphysics package. The RAMS microphysics package …

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Two-Photon Ionization Of The Calcium 4s3d 1d2 Level In An Optical Dipole Trap, Jared Estus Daily Mar 2005

Two-Photon Ionization Of The Calcium 4s3d 1d2 Level In An Optical Dipole Trap, Jared Estus Daily

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis reports an optical dipole trap for atomic calcium. The dipole trap is loaded from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of calcium atoms cooled near the Doppler limit (~1 mK). The dipole trap is formed by a large-frame argon ion laser focused to 20 microns into the center of the MOT. This laser runs single-line at 488 nm with a maximum power of 10.6 watts. These parameters result in a trap of 125 mK for calcium atoms in the 4s3d 1D2 state. The 488 nm light also photo-ionizes the trapped atoms due to a near-resonant transition to the 4s4f 1F3 …

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Frequentist Evaluation Of Group Sequential Clinical Trial Designs, Scott S. Emerson, John M. Kittelson, Daniel L. Gillen Mar 2005

Frequentist Evaluation Of Group Sequential Clinical Trial Designs, Scott S. Emerson, John M. Kittelson, Daniel L. Gillen

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Group sequential stopping rules are often used as guidelines in the monitoring of clinical trials in order to address the ethical and efficiency issues inherent in human testing of a new treatment or preventive agent for disease. Such stopping rules have been proposed based on a variety of different criteria, both scientific (e.g., estimates of treatment effect) and statistical (e.g., frequentist type I error, Bayesian posterior probabilities, stochastic curtailment). It is easily shown, however, that a stopping rule based on one of those criteria induces a stopping rule on all other criteria. Thus the basis used to initially define a …

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Bayesian Evaluation Of Group Sequential Clinical Trial Designs, Scott S. Emerson, John M. Kittelson, Daniel L. Gillen Mar 2005

Bayesian Evaluation Of Group Sequential Clinical Trial Designs, Scott S. Emerson, John M. Kittelson, Daniel L. Gillen

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Clincal trial designs often incorporate a sequential stopping rule to serve as a guide in the early termination of a study. When choosing a particular stopping rule, it is most common to examine frequentist operating characteristics such as type I error, statistical power, and precision of confi- dence intervals (Emerson, et al. [1]). Increasingly, however, clinical trials are designed and analyzed in the Bayesian paradigm. In this paper we describe how the Bayesian operating characteristics of a particular stopping rule might be evaluated and communicated to the scientific community. In particular, we consider a choice of probability models and a …

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On The Use Of Stochastic Curtailment In Group Sequential Clinical Trials, Scott S. Emerson, John M. Kittelson, Daniel L. Gillen Mar 2005

On The Use Of Stochastic Curtailment In Group Sequential Clinical Trials, Scott S. Emerson, John M. Kittelson, Daniel L. Gillen

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Many different criteria have been proposed for the selection of a stopping rule for group sequen- tial trials. These include both scientific (e.g., estimates of treatment effect) and statistical (e.g., frequentist type I error, Bayesian posterior probabilities, stochastic curtailment) measures of the evidence for or against beneficial treatment effects. Because a stopping rule based on one of those criteria induces a stopping rule on all other criteria, the utility of any particular scale relates to the ease with which it allows a clinical trialist to search for sequential sampling plans having de- sirable operating characteristics. In this paper we examine …

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Using Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators For Closed Loop Tracking And Beam Steering With Phase Holography, Michael J. Perry Mar 2005

Using Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators For Closed Loop Tracking And Beam Steering With Phase Holography, Michael J. Perry

Theses and Dissertations

Optical Phased Array (OPA) technology offers advantages in the reduction of size, weight, and power of optical steering devices. Nematic liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been studied as a potential candidate for building non-mechanical OPAs. They can steer a laser beam and split the beam into multiple beams. This thesis builds upon the prior research showing each split beam can be individually controlled, including variation in intensity. A closed loop tracking scenario shows the flexibility of the SLM by tracking and stabilizing an incoming beam. Results show that applying a phase grating to the SLM has limitations …

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Characterizing A Neutron Energy Spectrum Using A "Forward Edge" Neutron Time-Of-Flight Spectroscopy Technique, Jeffrey S. Spear Mar 2005

Characterizing A Neutron Energy Spectrum Using A "Forward Edge" Neutron Time-Of-Flight Spectroscopy Technique, Jeffrey S. Spear

Theses and Dissertations

A Fermi-style thermal neutron disc chopper was designed, constructed, and calibrated in conjunction with a boron-loaded organic scintillator for use in creating a forward edge neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy technique. The forward edge neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy technique inferred the characteristics of a neutron energy spectrum. The system analyzed the spectrum of a moderated and unmoderated PuBe source with the aid of a MATLAB code. Through the use of pulse shape analysis techniques and energy spectroscopy the thermal neutron capture event was identified and isolated. Data analysis provided positive feedback in the disc chopper's ability to partially attenuate higher energy neutrons in …

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Values Of Minors Of Some Infinite Families Of Matrices Constructed From Supplementary Difference Sets And Their Application To The Growth Problem, C. Koukouvinos, M. Mitrouli, Jennifer Seberry Mar 2005

Values Of Minors Of Some Infinite Families Of Matrices Constructed From Supplementary Difference Sets And Their Application To The Growth Problem, C. Koukouvinos, M. Mitrouli, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

We obtain explicit formulae for the values of the 2v - j minors, j = 0,1, 2 of (1, -1) matrices of order 2v, v odd, where the matrix is constructed using two circulant or type 1 incidence matrices of 2— {v; k1, k2, λ} sds. This allows us to obtain information on the growth problem for families of matrices with moderate growth. Some of our theoretical formulae imply growth close to the order 2v but experimentation has not yet supported this result. An open problem remains to establish whether the (1, -1) CP incidence matrices of certain SBIBDs, can …

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Perpendicular Exchange Bias And Its Control By Magnetic, Stress And Electric Fields, Christian Binek, Pavel Borisov, Xi Chen, S. Sahoo, Wolfman Kleemann Mar 2005

Perpendicular Exchange Bias And Its Control By Magnetic, Stress And Electric Fields, Christian Binek, Pavel Borisov, Xi Chen, S. Sahoo, Wolfman Kleemann

Christian Binek Publications

erpendicular exchange bias (PEB) involving perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in both the antiferromagnetic (AF) pinning and the ferromagnetic (FM) sensor layer is expected to become important in future perpendicular recording and sensing devices. Further, because of the reduced spin dimensionality, PEB promises to be easier understandable than the conventional planar exchange bias (EB). In addition to its first realization using the Ising-type AF compounds FeF2 and FeCl2 we have tested control strategies of EB being alternative to the conventional magnetic and thermal ones. Indeed, specific symmetry properties of the pinning layer have been shown to enable mechanical (viz. …

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Secure Context-Sensitive Authorization, Kazuhiro Minami, David Kotz Mar 2005

Secure Context-Sensitive Authorization, Kazuhiro Minami, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

There is a recent trend toward rule-based authorization systems to achieve flexible security policies. Also, new sensing technologies in pervasive computing make it possible to define context-sensitive rules, such as “allow database access only to staff who are currently located in the main office.” However, these rules, or the facts that are needed to verify authority, often involve sensitive context information. This paper presents a secure context-sensitive authorization system that protects confidential information in facts or rules. Furthermore, our system allows multiple hosts in a distributed environment to perform the evaluation of an authorization query in a collaborative way; we …

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Rapid Delivery Of Massive Geospatial Data Over Internet2, Rollin Strohman, Michael Haungs Mar 2005

Rapid Delivery Of Massive Geospatial Data Over Internet2, Rollin Strohman, Michael Haungs

Computer Science and Software Engineering

We study the feasibility of the on-demand delivery of a massive geospatial dataset over Internet2 for educational use. The dataset (20TB uncompressed, 2.5TB compressed), generously made available for this study by AirphotoUSA, provides a seamless, one-meter resolution aerial orthophotograph covering over three million square miles of the continental United States. We identify factors that limit the scalability, availability and user-perceived performance of serving such a dataset. To do this, we conduct experiments that measure response times for various levels of network congestion, bandwidth, and load. We also provide a proof-of-concept experiment by serving the dataset over Internet2 to students at …

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Integrating And Delivering Massive Geospatial Datasets For Educational Use, Michael Haungs, Rollin Strohman Mar 2005

Integrating And Delivering Massive Geospatial Datasets For Educational Use, Michael Haungs, Rollin Strohman

Computer Science and Software Engineering

No abstract provided.

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A Translational Web Services Bridge Solution For Meaningful Interoperability Between Potentially Disparate Systems, Kym J. Pohl, Lakshmi Vempati, Jens G. Pohl Mar 2005

A Translational Web Services Bridge Solution For Meaningful Interoperability Between Potentially Disparate Systems, Kym J. Pohl, Lakshmi Vempati, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

An emerging issue in the world of context-centric software-based decision-support is the need for potentially disparate systems to interoperate in meaningful and useful ways. Such interoperability must go beyond the elementary communication of data and endeavor to support a more powerful context-oriented inter-system relationship. A key issue in such functionality is the support, moreover the promotion, of meaningful interoperability while still retaining individual system representations, or perspectives. In other words, the meaningful integration of potentially disparate systems in a manner that allows each collaborating system to retain its potentially unique means of representing, or perceiving, the domain over which it …

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A Causal Inference Approach For Constructing Transcriptional Regulatory Networks, Biao Xing, Mark J. Van Der Laan Mar 2005

A Causal Inference Approach For Constructing Transcriptional Regulatory Networks, Biao Xing, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Transcriptional regulatory networks specify the interactions among regulatory genes and between regulatory genes and their target genes. Discovering transcriptional regulatory networks helps us to understand the underlying mechanism of complex cellular processes and responses. In this paper, we describe a causal inference approach for constructing transcriptional regulatory networks using gene expression data, promoter sequences and information on transcription factor binding sites. The method rst identies active transcription factors under each individual experiment using a feature selection approach similar to Bussemaker et al. (2001), Keles et al. (2002) and Conlon et al. (2003). Transcription factors are viewed as `treatments' and gene …

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Some Sober Conceptions Of Mathematical Truth, Marco Panza Mar 2005

Some Sober Conceptions Of Mathematical Truth, Marco Panza

MPP Published Research

It is not sufficient to supply an instance of Tarski’s schema, ⌈“p” is true if and only if p⌉ for a certain statement in order to get a definition of truth for this statement and thus fix a truth-condition for it. A definition of the truth of a statement x of a language L is a bi-conditional whose two members are two statements of a meta-language L’. Tarski’s schema simply suggests that a definition of truth for a certain segment x of a language L consists in a statement of the form: ⌈v(x) is true if and only if τ(x)⌉, …

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Electrical Activation Studies Of Silicon Implanted AlXGa1-XN, Timothy W. Zens Mar 2005

Electrical Activation Studies Of Silicon Implanted AlXGa1-XN, Timothy W. Zens

Theses and Dissertations

Electrical activation studies of silicon implanted AlxGa1-xN grown on sapphire substrates were conducted as a function of ion dose, anneal temperature, and anneal time. Silicon ion doses of 1x1013, 5x1013, and 1x1014 cm-2 were implanted in AlxGa1-xN samples with aluminum mole fractions of 0.1 and 0.2 at an energy of 200 keV at room temperature. The samples were proximity cap annealed at temperatures from 1100 to 1350 ºC and anneal times of 20 to 40 minutes with a 500 Å thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. The Hall coefficient …

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