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2005

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Articles 3271 - 3300 of 5573

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Maine's Marine Invasion, Catherine V. Schmitt, Tracy Hart Jan 2005

Maine's Marine Invasion, Catherine V. Schmitt, Tracy Hart

Maine Sea Grant Publications

The Asian shore crab. Dead man's fingers. Bonamia oyster disease. These are just a few of the non-native species that have been documented along the Maine coast. This fact sheet summarizes the concerns and actions of Maine's stakeholders regarding species invasions and associated problems.

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Emerging Chemicals And Analytical Methods (2005), Matthew C. Morley, Daniel D. Snow, Vince Kuppig Jan 2005

Emerging Chemicals And Analytical Methods (2005), Matthew C. Morley, Daniel D. Snow, Vince Kuppig

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

Emerging contaminants in the water environment continues to be a strong research focus, as evidenced by the abundance of material published during 2004. This review summarizes peer-reviewed literature pertinent to the field of environmental engineering and science and related to analysis, occurrence, and fate of emerging chemical contaminants in the water environment, focusing on the following broad categories of emerging organic contaminants: antibiotics and pharmaceuticals; personal care products ingredients (PCPIs), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), halogenated compounds (particularly brominated and fluorinated compounds), and disinfection byproducts (DBPs). To maintain this focus, articles pertaining specifically to human and ecological toxicity, bioconcentration or bioaccumulation, …

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Amphibian Research And Monitoring Initiative (Armi): A Successful Start To A National Program In The United States, Erin Muths, Robin E. Jung, Larissa L. Bailey, Michael J. Adams, P. Stephen Corn, C. Kenneth Dodd Jr., Gary M. Fellers, Walter J. Sadinski, Cecil R. Schwalbe, Susan C. Walls, Robert N. Fisher, Alisa L. Gallant, William A. Battaglin, D. Earl Green Jan 2005

Amphibian Research And Monitoring Initiative (Armi): A Successful Start To A National Program In The United States, Erin Muths, Robin E. Jung, Larissa L. Bailey, Michael J. Adams, P. Stephen Corn, C. Kenneth Dodd Jr., Gary M. Fellers, Walter J. Sadinski, Cecil R. Schwalbe, Susan C. Walls, Robert N. Fisher, Alisa L. Gallant, William A. Battaglin, D. Earl Green

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Most research to assess amphibian declines has focused on local-scale projects on one or a few species. The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) is a national program in the United States mandated by congressional directive and implemented by the U.S. Department of the Interior (specifically the U.S. Geological Survey, USGS). Program goals are to monitor changes in populations of amphibians across U.S. Department of the Interior lands and to address research questions related to amphibian declines using a hierarchical framework of base-, mid- and apex-level monitoring sites. ARMI is currently monitoring 83 amphibian species (29% of species in the …

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Preliminary Evaluation Of A Lake Whitefish (Coregonus Clupeaformis) Bioenergetics Model, Charles P. Madenjian, Stephen A. Pothoven, Philip J. Schneeberger, Daniel V. O'Connor, Stephen B. Brandt Jan 2005

Preliminary Evaluation Of A Lake Whitefish (Coregonus Clupeaformis) Bioenergetics Model, Charles P. Madenjian, Stephen A. Pothoven, Philip J. Schneeberger, Daniel V. O'Connor, Stephen B. Brandt

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

We conducted a preliminary evaluation of a lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) bioenergetics model by applying the model to size-at-age data for lake whitefish from northern Lake Michigan. We then compared estimates of gross growth efficiency (GGE) from our bioenergetics model with previously published estimates of GGE for bloater (C. hoyi) in Lake Michigan and for lake whitefish in Quebec. According to our model, the GGE of Lake Michigan lake whitefish decreased from 0.075 to 0.02 as age increased from 2 to 5 years. In contrast, the GGE of lake whitefish in Quebec inland waters decreased from …

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Implantation Of Subcutaneous Radio Transmitters In The Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina), Michelle Lander, Martin Haulena, Frances Gulland, James Harvey Jan 2005

Implantation Of Subcutaneous Radio Transmitters In The Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina), Michelle Lander, Martin Haulena, Frances Gulland, James Harvey

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Radio telemetry has become a standard tool for studying the behavior, physiology, life history traits, and population dynamics of marine mammals. Radio transmitters typically are attached to the hind flippers of pinnipeds or glued to the fur using marine epoxy or other cyanocrylare adhesives (Fedak et al. 1983, Bengtson 1993, Jeffries et al. 1993). Longterm data acquisition is difficult, however, because radio-flipper transmitters commonly tear from the webbing of the flipper and instruments that are glued to the fur are shed during the seasonal molt.

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Relating Results Of Chronic Toxicity Responses To Population-Level Effects: Modeling Effects On Wild Chinook Salmon Populations, Julann A. Spromberg, James P. Meador Jan 2005

Relating Results Of Chronic Toxicity Responses To Population-Level Effects: Modeling Effects On Wild Chinook Salmon Populations, Julann A. Spromberg, James P. Meador

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Standard toxicity tests assess the physiological responses of individual organisms to exposure to toxic substances under controlled conditions. Time and space restrictions often prohibit the assessment of population-level responses to a toxic substance. Compounds affecting various toxicity endpoints, such as growth, fecundity, behavior, or immune function, alter different demographic traits and produce different impacts on the population. Chronic effects of immune suppression, reproductive impairment, and growth reduction were examined using life history models for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Modeled immune suppression acted through reductions in age-specific survival, with first- and secondyear survival producing the greatest changes in the …

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Ringed And Bearded Seal Densities In The Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1999–2000, John L. Bengtson, Lisa M. Hiruki-Raring, Michael A. Simpkins, Peter L. Boveng Jan 2005

Ringed And Bearded Seal Densities In The Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1999–2000, John L. Bengtson, Lisa M. Hiruki-Raring, Michael A. Simpkins, Peter L. Boveng

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Aerial surveys were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to estimate the densities of ringed (Phoca hispida) and bearded (Erignathus barbatus) seals in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Survey lines were focused mainly on the coastal zone within 37 km of the shoreline, with additional lines flown 148–185 km offshore to assess how densities of seals changed as a function of distance from shore. Satellite-linked time-depth recorders were attached to ringed seals in both years to evaluate the time spent basking on the ice surface. Haulout patterns indicated that ringed seals transitioned to basking behavior in late May …

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Estimates Of Sperm Whale Abundance In The Northeastern Temperate Pacific From A Combined Acoustic And Visual Survey, Jay Barlow, Barbara L. Taylor Jan 2005

Estimates Of Sperm Whale Abundance In The Northeastern Temperate Pacific From A Combined Acoustic And Visual Survey, Jay Barlow, Barbara L. Taylor

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

We estimate the abundance of sperm whales in a 7.8 million km2 study area in the eastern temperate North Pacific using data from a ship-based acoustic and visual line-transect survey in spring 1997. Sperm whales were detected acoustically using a hydrophone array towed at 15 km/h and 100 m depth. The hydrophone array was towed for 14,500 km, and locations were estimated acoustically for 45 distinct sperm whale groups. Whales producing slow clicks (>2-s period) were detected at greater distance (up to 37 km), and the estimation of effective strip widths was stratified based on initial click period. …

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Reversals And Transpositions Over Finite Alphabets, A. J. Radcliffe, A. D. Scott, E. L. Wilmer Jan 2005

Reversals And Transpositions Over Finite Alphabets, A. J. Radcliffe, A. D. Scott, E. L. Wilmer

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

Extending results of Christie and Irving, we examine the action of reversals and transpositions on finite strings over an alphabet of size k. We show that determining reversal, transposition, or signed reversal distance between two strings over a finite alphabet is NP-hard, while for “dense” instances we give a polynomial-time approximation scheme. We also give a number of extremal results, as well as investigating the distance between random strings and the problem of sorting a string over a finite alphabet.

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Pseudo-Codewords Of Cycle Codes Via Zeta Functions, Ralf Koetter, Wen-Cheng W. Li, Pascal O. Vontobel, Judy L. Walker Jan 2005

Pseudo-Codewords Of Cycle Codes Via Zeta Functions, Ralf Koetter, Wen-Cheng W. Li, Pascal O. Vontobel, Judy L. Walker

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

Cycle codes are a special case of low- density parity-check (LDPC) codes and as such can be decoded using an iterative message-passing decod- ing algorithm on the associated Tanner graph. The existence of pseudo-codewords is known to cause the decoding algorithm to fail in certain instances. In this paper, we draw a connection between pseudo- codewords of cycle codes and the so-called edge zeta function of the associated normal graph and show how the Newton polyhedron of the zeta function equals the fundamental cone of the code, which plays a crucial role in characterizing the performance of iterative de- coding …

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Weak Solutions To The Cauchy Problem Of A Semilinear Wave Equation With Damping And Source Terms, Petronela Radu Jan 2005

Weak Solutions To The Cauchy Problem Of A Semilinear Wave Equation With Damping And Source Terms, Petronela Radu

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

In this paper we prove local existence of weak solutions for a semilinear wave equation with power-like source and dissipative terms on the entire space ℝn. The main theorem gives an alternative proof of the local in time existence result due to J. Serrin, G. Todorova and E. Vitillaro, and also some extension to their work. In particular, our method shows that sources that are not locally Lipschitz in L2 can be controlled without any damping at all. If the semilinearity involving the displacement has a “good” sign, we obtain global existence of solutions.

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Matrix Model Superpotentials And Calabi–Yau Spaces: An A-D-E Classification, Carina Curto Jan 2005

Matrix Model Superpotentials And Calabi–Yau Spaces: An A-D-E Classification, Carina Curto

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

We use F. Ferrari’s methods relating matrix models to Calabi-Yau spaces in order to explain Intriligator and Wecht’s ADE classification of N = 1 superconformal theories which arise as RG fixed points of N = 1 SQCD theories with adjoints. The connection between matrix models and N = 1 gauge theories can be seen as evidence for the Dijkgraaf–Vafa conjecture. We find that ADE superpotentials in the Intriligator–Wecht classification exactly match matrix model superpotentials obtained from Calabi-Yau’s with corresponding ADE singularities. Moreover, in the additional Ô, Â, Dˆ and Ê cases we find new singular geometries. These ‘hat’ geometries are …

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Generalized Stokes Parameters Of Random Electromagnetic Beams, Olga Korotkova, Emil Wolf Jan 2005

Generalized Stokes Parameters Of Random Electromagnetic Beams, Olga Korotkova, Emil Wolf

Physics Articles and Papers

A generalization of the Stokes parameters of a random electromagnetic beam is introduced. Unlike the usual Stokes parameters, which depend on one spatial variable, the generalized Stokes parameters, depend on two spatial variables. They obey precise laws of propagation, both in free space and in any linear medium, whether deterministic or random. With the help of the generalized Stokes parameters, the changes in the ordinary Stokes parameters upon propagation can be determined. Numerical examples of such changes are presented. The generalized Stokes parameters contain information not only about the polarization properties of the beam but also about its coherence properties. …

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Current-Spin Coupling For Ferromagnetic Domain Walls In Fine Wires, S. E. Barnes, S. Maekawa Jan 2005

Current-Spin Coupling For Ferromagnetic Domain Walls In Fine Wires, S. E. Barnes, S. Maekawa

Physics Articles and Papers

The coupling between a current and a domain wall is examined. In the presence of a finite current and in the absence of a potential which breaks the translational symmetry, there is a perfect transfer of angular momentum from the conduction electrons to the wall. As a result, the ground state is in uniform motion and this remains the case even when relaxation is included. This is described by, appropriately modified, Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations. The results for a simple pinning model are compared with experiment.

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The Vlt-Uves Survey For Molecular Hydrogen In High-Redshift Damped Lyman Α Systems: Physical Conditions In The Neutral Gas, Raghunathan Srianand, Patrick Petitjean, Cédric Ledoux, Gary J. Ferland, Gargi Shaw Jan 2005

The Vlt-Uves Survey For Molecular Hydrogen In High-Redshift Damped Lyman Α Systems: Physical Conditions In The Neutral Gas, Raghunathan Srianand, Patrick Petitjean, Cédric Ledoux, Gary J. Ferland, Gargi Shaw

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We study the physical conditions in damped Lyman α systems (DLAs), using a sample of 33 systems towards 26 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) acquired for a recently completed survey of H2 by Ledoux, Petitjean & Srianand. We use the column densities of H2 in different rotational levels, together with those of C I, C I*, C I**, C II* and singly ionized atomic species to discuss the kinetic temperature, the density of hydrogen and the electronic density in the gas together with the ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation field. Detailed comparisons are made between the observed properties in DLAs, the …

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Groundwater Quality In Kentucky: Mercury, Bart Davidson, R. Stephen Fisher Jan 2005

Groundwater Quality In Kentucky: Mercury, Bart Davidson, R. Stephen Fisher

Information Circular--KGS

Mercury is a naturally occurring metal that occurs in trace amounts in water, soils, and rocks. Elemental mercury is a liquid that occurs in some ore deposits; it may also be concentrated around hot springs. Currently, about 50 percent of mercury use is for electrical products such as dry-cell batteries, fluorescent lights, switches, and other control equipment. Mercury is also used in the electrolytic preparation of chlorine gas and caustic soda, and in paint manufacture and pesticide production (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002). In the past, significant amounts of mercury were used in thermometers and pressure gauges.

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Groundwater Quality In Kentucky: Selenium, Bart Davidson, R. Stephen Fisher Jan 2005

Groundwater Quality In Kentucky: Selenium, Bart Davidson, R. Stephen Fisher

Information Circular--KGS

Selenium is a naturally occurring element found in most rocks and soils (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2003). In its solid form, selenium is black, gray, or red and is odorless (New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, 2002). Most selenium is obtained from byproducts of the copper refining industry. Selenium compounds are often used in electronic components, photocopiers, metal alloys, rubber, paint pigments, glass-making (ruby red glass), and photographic emulsions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003). Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic and photoconductive properties. As more light shines on selenium, its electrical conductivity increases, making it extremely useful …

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Groundwater Quality In Kentucky: Cadmium, Bart Davidson, R. Stephen Fisher Jan 2005

Groundwater Quality In Kentucky: Cadmium, Bart Davidson, R. Stephen Fisher

Information Circular--KGS

Cadmium is a metallic element that occurs naturally in the earth's crust, especially in zinc-, lead-, and copper-bearing ores (Forstner and Whittmann, 1981). Pure cadmium is a soft silver-white metal, but is rarely found naturally in its pure form. It is commonly combined with other elements, such as oxygen (cadmium oxide) and sulfur (cadmium sulfate).

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Evaluation Of A Mechanical System For Reconstructing Soil On Surface Mined Land, John P. Fulton, Larry G. Wells Jan 2005

Evaluation Of A Mechanical System For Reconstructing Soil On Surface Mined Land, John P. Fulton, Larry G. Wells

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The existence of excessive soil compaction has hindered the surface mining industry from returning land to pre−mining productivity after reclamation, especially on prime farmland soils. Heavy earthmoving equipment used during reclamation tends to generate root−limiting bulk densities that adversely affect plant growth thereby decreasing yields. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate a mechanism, called the ‘Soil Regenerator,’ which reconstructs soil media at minimum bulk density during surface mine reclamation. The prototype soil forming mechanism was mounted on the front of a conventional bulldozer. Soil was placed in long narrow windrows by a scraper or bulldozer. As the …

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A Survey For Planetary Transits In The Field Of Ngc 7789, D. M. Bramich, Keith Horne, I. A. Bond, R. A. Street, A. Collier Cameron, B. Hood, J. Cooke, D. James, T. A. Lister, David Mitchell, K. Pearson, A. Penny, A. Quirrenbach, N. Safizadeh, Y. Tsapras Jan 2005

A Survey For Planetary Transits In The Field Of Ngc 7789, D. M. Bramich, Keith Horne, I. A. Bond, R. A. Street, A. Collier Cameron, B. Hood, J. Cooke, D. James, T. A. Lister, David Mitchell, K. Pearson, A. Penny, A. Quirrenbach, N. Safizadeh, Y. Tsapras

Physics

We present results from 30 nights of observations of the open cluster NGC 7789 with the Wide Field Camera on the Isaac Newton Telescope, La Palma. From ∼900 epochs, we obtained light curves and Sloan r'− i' colours for ∼33000 stars, with ∼2400 stars having better than 1 percent precision. We expected to detect ∼2 transiting hot Jupiter planets if 1 percent of stars host such a companion and a typical hot Jupiter radius is ∼1.2 RJ. We find 24 transit candidates, 14 of which we can assign a period. We rule out the transiting planet model …

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Vector Diffraction Theory Of Light Propagation Through Nanostructures, Glen D. Gillen, Shekhar Guha Jan 2005

Vector Diffraction Theory Of Light Propagation Through Nanostructures, Glen D. Gillen, Shekhar Guha

Physics

It is well known that “vector” diffraction theory needs to be invoked to describe the propagation of light through apertures having dimensions on the order of the wavelength of light. For regions close to the aperture, use of Kirchhoff boundary conditions in the aperture plane is invalid. The Hertz vector formalism provides a way to describe the diffraction of light beams through apertures having sizes ranging from half the wavelength of light to larger values. Here we will present a summary of the method used to calculate the distribution of all of the electromagnetic field components and a Poynting vector …

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Guest Editorial: Special Issue On Software, Maintenance And Evolution, Panos K. Linos Jan 2005

Guest Editorial: Special Issue On Software, Maintenance And Evolution, Panos K. Linos

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Software maintenance and evolution continues to play a vital role in the development of software systems. It is widely acknowledged that the majority of development effort, and thereby expenditure, is allocated to postinitial release activity. This activity, which takes place after the software has seen its first release, is known as software maintenance (or software evolution).

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Epics: A Service Learning Program At Butler University, Jonathan P. Sorenson, Panos K. Linos Jan 2005

Epics: A Service Learning Program At Butler University, Jonathan P. Sorenson, Panos K. Linos

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

In this paper we present our experiences teaching EPICS (Engineering Projects In Community Service) at Butler University, a small, private university, from within the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering. The EPICS program began at Purdue University in 1995. The idea behind EPICS is to have undergraduate students earn college credit for working on long-term, multi-semester projects to benefit charity and non-profit organizations. The projects are student-driven, under faculty supervision. There are many good reasons for having an EPICS program in an undergraduate computer science major. It is excellent for leveraging knowledge from other areas of computer science such …

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Nonlinear Dynamics Of Piezoelectric High Displacement Actuators In Cantilever Mode, Timothy Usher, Alec Sim Jan 2005

Nonlinear Dynamics Of Piezoelectric High Displacement Actuators In Cantilever Mode, Timothy Usher, Alec Sim

Physics Faculty Publications

Experimental results of the nonlinear dynamic response of a piezoelectric high displacement actuator known as thin-layer composite unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor were compared to a theoretical model, which utilizes the multiple scales method to connect the effective spring constant to higher-order stiffness constants c4 of the piezoelectric layer. This type of actuator has prestress gradients resulting from the manufacturing process that have been reported to play an important role in enhanced actuation. A value of c4=−4.7x1020 N/m2 was obtained for the higher-order lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stiffness coefficient, which is higher than other published results …

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Pigtail: A Pig Addendum, Todd W. Neller, Clifton G.M. Presser Jan 2005

Pigtail: A Pig Addendum, Todd W. Neller, Clifton G.M. Presser

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The object of the jeopardy dice game Pig is to be the first player to reach 100 points. Each turn, a player repeatedly rolls a die until either a 1 is rolled or the player holds and scores the sum of the rolls (i.e., the turn total). At any time during a player’s turn, the player is faced with two choices: roll or hold. If the player rolls a 1, the player scores nothing and it becomes the opponent’s turn. If the player rolls a number other than 1, the number is added to the player’s turn total …

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Unifying An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence Course Through Machine Learning Laboratory Experiences, Ingrid Russell, Zdravko Markov, Todd W. Neller, Michael Georgiopoulos, Susan Coleman Jan 2005

Unifying An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence Course Through Machine Learning Laboratory Experiences, Ingrid Russell, Zdravko Markov, Todd W. Neller, Michael Georgiopoulos, Susan Coleman

Computer Science Faculty Publications

This paper presents work on a collaborative project funded by the National Science Foundation that incorporates machine learning as a unifying theme to teach fundamental concepts typically covered in the introductory Artificial Intelligence courses. The project involves the development of an adaptable framework for the presentation of core AI topics. This is accomplished through the development, implementation, and testing of a suite of adaptable, hands-on laboratory projects that can be closely integrated into the AI course. Through the design and implementation of learning systems that enhance commonly-deployed applications, our model acknowledges that intelligent systems are best taught through their application …

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Y: New Component-Based Software Life Cycle Model, Luiz Fernando Capretz Jan 2005

Y: New Component-Based Software Life Cycle Model, Luiz Fernando Capretz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

With the need to produce ever larger and more complex software systems, the use of reusable components has become increasingly imperative. Of the many existing and proposed techniques for software development, it seems clear that component-based software development will be at the forefront of new approaches to the production of software systems and holds the promise of substantially enhancing the software production and maintenance process. Attempts to rationalize component-based development have to recognize that the construction of a software system is a complex multifaceted activity that involves domain engineering, frame working, assembling, archiving and design of software components. These activities, …

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Source Of Meta-Igneous Blocks And Structure Of The Colebrooke Schist In The Snowcamp Peak Area, Pickett Peak Terrane, Southwestern Oregon, Jennifer Katrib Jan 2005

Source Of Meta-Igneous Blocks And Structure Of The Colebrooke Schist In The Snowcamp Peak Area, Pickett Peak Terrane, Southwestern Oregon, Jennifer Katrib

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Colebrooke Schist of the Pickett Peak terrane, southwestern Oregon, is the easternmost, structurally highest unit of the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Franciscan Accretionary Complex. The Colebrooke Schist consists of mostly transitional greenschist-blueschist-facies meta-sedimentary rocks with common blocks of meta-volcanics and serpentinites, rare talc-schists and meta-plutonic rocks. The Colebrooke Schist meta-volcanic blocks are greenstones, in many cases with visible relict pillow structures and relict igneous textures.
Fifteen meta-volcanic samples and one meta-plutonic sample were analyzed by XRF and ICP-MS and were plotted with analyses from Plake (1989) and Coleman (1972). The Colebrooke Schist meta-volcanic rocks plot in mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), island …

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On Properties Of Group Closures Of One-To-One Transformations., Inessa Levi Jan 2005

On Properties Of Group Closures Of One-To-One Transformations., Inessa Levi

Faculty Bibliography

For a permutation group H on an infinite set X and a transformation / of X, let (/:// ) = ({hfh'1 : h € //)) be a group closure of / . We find necessary and sufficient conditions for distinct normal subgroups of the symmetric group on X and a one-to-one transformation / of X to generate distinct group closures of / . Amongst these group closures we characterize those that are left simple, left cancellative, idempotent-free semigroups, whose congruence lattice forms a chain and whose congruences are preserved under automorphisms.

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The Equation, Winter 2005, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University Jan 2005

The Equation, Winter 2005, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

College of Science and Mathematics Newsletters

This 14 page newsletter discusses various happenings within the College of Science and Mathematics. It begins with a letter from the dean, and continues on with news, events, alumni news, and other community news.

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