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2005

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Articles 3841 - 3870 of 5573

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Beyond Yellowstone? Conservation And Indigenous Rights In Australia And Sweden, Michael Adams Jan 2005

Beyond Yellowstone? Conservation And Indigenous Rights In Australia And Sweden, Michael Adams

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Faced with the paradox of a large global increase in conservation reserves and a simultaneous global decrease in actual effective protection for biodiversity, conservation scientists and others are questioning established conservation theory and practice. Conservation is largely a ‘residual’ landuse, which often conflicts with another residual landuse, the remaining lands owned or accessed by Indigenous peoples. I argue that the Western conservation model has created this situation, and that engaging with Indigenous ways of relating to ‘nature’ could lead to improved outcomes. From the basis that environmental problems are fundamentally social problems, and using case studies from Australia and Sweden, …

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Mobile Polar Highs Over Australia : Origins And Effect On Rainfall, C. Hargraves, Edward A. Bryant Jan 2005

Mobile Polar Highs Over Australia : Origins And Effect On Rainfall, C. Hargraves, Edward A. Bryant

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Mobile Polar Highs (MPHs) are masses of cold air that move out aperiodically from the Antarctic Icecap and eventually cross Australia. Their movement from the Weddell Sea and the Lambert Glacier was monitored between 26 March and 20 July 2004 using daily satellite images and synoptic charts. Their leading edge appears on these images as a distinct arced cloudband. The patterns of MPHs were then linked to significant rainfall events—>50 mm in 24 hrs—in southeastern Australia. Although most of this area of Australia was in drought over the study period, three major rainfall events resulted from the passage of …

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The Effects Of Continuous And Fluctuating Copper Exposures On The Marine Alga Phaeodactylum Tricornutum, Brad Angel, Stuart L. Simpson, Jenny L. Stauber, Dianne Jolley Jan 2005

The Effects Of Continuous And Fluctuating Copper Exposures On The Marine Alga Phaeodactylum Tricornutum, Brad Angel, Stuart L. Simpson, Jenny L. Stauber, Dianne Jolley

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Contaminant concentrations in aquatic systems are seldom constant. Erratic inputs such as industrial discharges, rain water flushing, and random spills may cause concentrations to increase rapidly. Environmental processes may contribute through the dispersive actions of tides and currents, adsorptive losses to or release from resuspended sediments, and contaminant losses due to photo-degradation and volatilization. Despite such variability in contaminant concentrations, environmental guidelines are derived from toxicity test data using continuous exposure, where contaminant concentrations at the beginning of the exposure are assumed to remain relatively constant over the test duration. Responses of organisms exposed to fluctuating contaminant concentrations may differ …

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Improvement In The Inland: Culture And Nature In The Australian Rangelands, Nicholas J. Gill, K. Anderson Jan 2005

Improvement In The Inland: Culture And Nature In The Australian Rangelands, Nicholas J. Gill, K. Anderson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Few practices were as intimately implicated in effecting the extension of British selves and surfaces to the colonies of Australia, as agricultural and pastoral pursuits. Said Governor Arthur Phillip, soon after the founding of New South Wales: 'There are few things more pleasing than the contemplation of order and useful arrangement on the land arising gradually out of tumult and confusion; and perhaps this satisfaction cannot anywhere be more fully enjoyed than where a settlement of civilised people is fixing itself upon a newly discovered and savage coast' (Phillips, 1789, p.122). Over the course of the subsequent century, the enactment …

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Resurveys Of The Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis) In Central-Eastern New South Wales, 1999-2001:Their Relationship With Fire And Observer Competence, David Bain, Narelle Mcphee Jan 2005

Resurveys Of The Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis) In Central-Eastern New South Wales, 1999-2001:Their Relationship With Fire And Observer Competence, David Bain, Narelle Mcphee

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The endangered Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus is found in-a number of small isolated populations along the east coast of Australia. Presently little is known about the status and viability of many of these populations. Surveys for Eastern Bristlebirds were conducted at Red Rocks Nature Reserve, around Jervis Bay near Huskisson and on Beecroft Peninsula, and at Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in south-eastern New South Wales to compare these data with historical records and to investigate more recent unconfirmed sightings of the species. Eastern Bristlebirds were resurveyed at Barren Grounds Nature Reserve, using the same sites as a previous long-term study …

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New Integron-Associated Gene Cassette Encoding A 3-N-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase, Renee Levings, S. R. Partridge, Diane Lightfoot, Ruth M. Hall, Steven P. Djordjevic Jan 2005

New Integron-Associated Gene Cassette Encoding A 3-N-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase, Renee Levings, S. R. Partridge, Diane Lightfoot, Ruth M. Hall, Steven P. Djordjevic

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

A fifth gene cassette containing an aacC gene, aacCA5, was found in an aacCA5-aadA7 cassette array in a class 1 integron isolated from a multiply drug resistantSalmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain. The AacC-A5 or AAC(3)-Ie acetyltransferase encoded by aacCA5 is related to other AAC(3)-I enzymes and confers resistance to gentamicin.

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Purification, Crystallization And Preliminary Crystallographic Analysis Of Dehiva, A Dehalogenase From Burkholderia Cepacia Mba4, Jason Schmidberger, Aaron Oakley, Jimmy Tsang, Matthew Wilce Jan 2005

Purification, Crystallization And Preliminary Crystallographic Analysis Of Dehiva, A Dehalogenase From Burkholderia Cepacia Mba4, Jason Schmidberger, Aaron Oakley, Jimmy Tsang, Matthew Wilce

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

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Different Fouling Modes Of Submerged Hollow-Fiber And Flat-Sheet Membranes Induced By High Strength Wastewater With Concurrent Biofouling, Faisal I. Hai, Kazuo Yamamoto, Kensuke Fukushi Jan 2005

Different Fouling Modes Of Submerged Hollow-Fiber And Flat-Sheet Membranes Induced By High Strength Wastewater With Concurrent Biofouling, Faisal I. Hai, Kazuo Yamamoto, Kensuke Fukushi

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Exploration of two major commercialized flat-sheet and hollow-fiber membranes in a submerged membrane fungi reactor fed with a synthetic textile wastewater revealed striking differences in the extent and mechanism of fouling between the two types, indicating a case-specific scope of choice between the two for industrial wastewater treatment. The hollow-fiber membrane exhibited fouling with a cake layer composed of fungi and starch, intensity being proportional to the operating flux (0.05–0.3 m/d). Conversely, the flat-sheet membrane suffered from immediate internal pore blocking beyond a critical flux of 0.2 m/d. During the experiment with major constituents of the synthetic wastewater separately, while …

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Seasonal And Latitudinal Variations Of Column Averaged Volume-Mixing Ratios Of Atmospheric Co2, T. Warneke, Z. Yang, S. Olsen, S. Korner, J. Notholt, G. Toon, Voltaire A. Velazco, A. Schulz, O. Schrems Jan 2005

Seasonal And Latitudinal Variations Of Column Averaged Volume-Mixing Ratios Of Atmospheric Co2, T. Warneke, Z. Yang, S. Olsen, S. Korner, J. Notholt, G. Toon, Voltaire A. Velazco, A. Schulz, O. Schrems

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Column-averaged volume mixing ratios of CO2 have been obtained by ground based high-resolution solar absorption spectrometry at Ny-Alesund (Spitsbergen, 79°N) in 20022003 and during two ship cruises (54°N34°S) on the Atlantic in 2003. Precisions are better than 0.4% at Ny-Alesund and better than 0.6% for the cruises. The observed 11 ppmv (part per million by volume) seasonal amplitude of the CO2 column at Ny-Alesund is about 5 ppmv smaller than surface in situ data and 24 ppmv greater than model-predictions. The latitudinal gradient of column CO2 inferred from shipborne measurements is less than 2 ppmv in Oct/Nov 2003. During the …

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Australian Freight Railways For A New Century, Philip G. Laird, Max Michell, Alex Stoney, Gabriella Adorni-Braccesi Jan 2005

Australian Freight Railways For A New Century, Philip G. Laird, Max Michell, Alex Stoney, Gabriella Adorni-Braccesi

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

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A Study On Solid Waste Management System Of Dhaka City Corporation: Effect Of Composting And Landfill Location, Faisal Ibney Hai, M. Ashraf Ali Jan 2005

A Study On Solid Waste Management System Of Dhaka City Corporation: Effect Of Composting And Landfill Location, Faisal Ibney Hai, M. Ashraf Ali

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This study has analyzed the generation and characteristics of solid waste in Dhaka city, along with the associated environmental impacts and existing solid waste management practices. Special focus was given on the effect of composting on final disposal of solid waste and effect of landfill site location on transportation cost. An estimate of the future generation rate indicates that the present generation rate of 3500 tons/day may exceed 30 thousand tons/day by the year 2020.The mixed waste dumped at dumping sites is characterized with high organic content and high moisture content (about 80% and 50-70% by weight, respectively). According to …

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Age, Petrogenesis And Metamorphism Of The Syn-Collisional Proven Igneous Complex, West Greenland, Kristine Thrane, J Baker, J Connelly, Allen Phillip Nutman Jan 2005

Age, Petrogenesis And Metamorphism Of The Syn-Collisional Proven Igneous Complex, West Greenland, Kristine Thrane, J Baker, J Connelly, Allen Phillip Nutman

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Paleoproterozoic Prøven Igneous Complex (PIC) in West Greenland extends from ca. 72°15′ to 73°10′N, approximately 500 km north of the subduction-related intrusive complex in the core of the +1100 km wide, asymmetric collisional Nagssugtoqidian-Rinkian Orogen. A new U-Pb SHRIMP age for the PIC of 1869±9 Ma indicates that it intruded synchronously with the main collisional phase of the orogen into the passive margin side of the collision. Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopic and A-type geochemical signatures are compatible with its derivation from melted Archean lower crustal material contaminated to varying degrees by pelitic sedimentary rocks of the Karrat Group. The …

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The Epididymal Soluble Prion Protein Forms A High-Molecular-Mass Complex In Association With Hydrophobic Proteins, Heath W. Ecroyd, Maya Belghazi, Jean-Louis Dacheux, Jean-Luc Gatti Jan 2005

The Epididymal Soluble Prion Protein Forms A High-Molecular-Mass Complex In Association With Hydrophobic Proteins, Heath W. Ecroyd, Maya Belghazi, Jean-Louis Dacheux, Jean-Luc Gatti

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We have shown previously that a 'soluble' form of PrP (prion protein), not associated with membranous vesicles, exists in the male reproductive fluid [Ecroyd, Sarradin, Dacheux and Gatti (2004) Biol. Reprod. 71, 993-1001]. Attempts to purify this 'soluble' PrP indicated that it behaves like a high-molecular-mass complex of more than 350 kDa and always co-purified with the same set of proteins. The main associated proteins were sequenced by MS and were found to match to clusterin (apolipoprotein J), BPI (bacterial permeability-increasing protein), carboxylesterase-like urinary excreted protein (cauxin), beta-mannosidase and beta-galactosidase. Immunoblotting and enzymatic assay confirmed the presence of clusterin and …

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Shipborne Solar Absorption Measurements Of Co2, Ch4, N2o And Co And Comparison With Sciamachy Wfm-Doas Retrievals, T Warneke, R De Beek, M Buchwitz, J Notholt, A Schulz, Voltaire A. Velazco, O Schrems Jan 2005

Shipborne Solar Absorption Measurements Of Co2, Ch4, N2o And Co And Comparison With Sciamachy Wfm-Doas Retrievals, T Warneke, R De Beek, M Buchwitz, J Notholt, A Schulz, Voltaire A. Velazco, O Schrems

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

CO, CH4, N2O and CO2 were retrieved from high resolution solar absorption spectra obtained during a ship cruise from Capetown to Bremerhaven in January/February 2003 by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Precisions of better than 0.5% for the column averaged volume mixing ratios (VMR) of CH4 and CO2 are achieved using of O2 as a reference gas. Shipborne FTIR-measurements of CO and data from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT retrieved by the Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) retrieval algorithm show qualitatively the same latitudinal variations. WFMDOAS data of CH4, N2O and CO2 measured over sea exhibit a great spread. The spread …

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Structure Of The Early Palaeozoic Cape River Metamorphics, Tasmanides Of North Queensland: Evaluation Of The Roles Of Convergent And Extensional Tectonics, Christopher L. Fergusson, R A Henderson, K. J. Lewthwaite, D. Phillips, I. W. Withnall Jan 2005

Structure Of The Early Palaeozoic Cape River Metamorphics, Tasmanides Of North Queensland: Evaluation Of The Roles Of Convergent And Extensional Tectonics, Christopher L. Fergusson, R A Henderson, K. J. Lewthwaite, D. Phillips, I. W. Withnall

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Early Palaeozoic Cape River Metamorphics consist mainly of psammitic gneiss and schist and occur as an extensive linear belt at the western margin of the Charters Towers Province 200 km southwest of Townsville in the northern Tasmanides. A prominent foliation (S2) is the main structure in the belt and is associated with tight to isoclinal folds, subparallel mineral and intersection lineations, and boudinaged pods of vein quartz and pegmatite. In the southwest, the main foliation is a crenulation cleavage (S2) related to D2 deformation. It overprints steeply dipping foliation (S1) formed in …

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Pre-Mining Pattern Of Soils On Nauru, Central Pacific, Robert John Morrison, Harley I. Manner Jan 2005

Pre-Mining Pattern Of Soils On Nauru, Central Pacific, Robert John Morrison, Harley I. Manner

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The environment of Nauru, a raised atoll located in the central Pacific Ocean (0° 32′ S, 166° 56′ W), was devastated by mining of phosphate “rock” during the twentieth century. Some 100 million tonnes of phosphate material has been removed, leaving more than 80% of the island as a dolomite pinnacle–dominated karrenfeld. Based on fieldwork examining sites unmined at that time, laboratory studies on undisturbed profiles, aerial photographs, and old mining maps, a picture of what the soil pattern on Nauru was before mining has been developed. Four major soil associations were identified: the coastal fringe carbonate dominated soils set …

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Persian Email Classification Based On Rocchio And K-Nearest Neighbor Approach, H. Bashiri, Farhad Oroumchian, A. Moeini Jan 2005

Persian Email Classification Based On Rocchio And K-Nearest Neighbor Approach, H. Bashiri, Farhad Oroumchian, A. Moeini

University of Wollongong in Dubai - Papers

These days, electronic mail (email) has become an essential form of communication in all aspects of ever day life. The main reason for this popularity among other things like the speed of delivery and the low cost is the convenience of managing and handling emails. However this convenience is diminishing by the growth and availability of the emails. Managing emails is becoming more difficult every day. Not only SPAM (unsolicited emails) is flooding our mailboxes but locating important and vital information among the huge number of emails that are finding their ways into our mailboxes has turned into a laborious …

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Friedel Oscillations In A Fermi Liquid, G. E. Simion, G. F. Giuliani Jan 2005

Friedel Oscillations In A Fermi Liquid, G. E. Simion, G. F. Giuliani

Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The problem of the Friedel oscillations in two- and three-dimensional electron Fermi liquids is examined by means of the many-body local fields theory as aided by the most recent results of accurate numerical studies based on the quantum Monte Carlo method. Within linear response, an exact answer is obtained for the amplitude of the electron density distortion due to both short- and long-ranged impurity potentials. It is discussed how a measurement of the local environment of an impurity embedded in an otherwise homogeneous electron liquid can be used to characterize the systems as a Fermi liquid as well as to …

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Comparing Distribution Functions Via Empirical Likelihood, Yichuan Zhao, Ian W. Mckeague Jan 2005

Comparing Distribution Functions Via Empirical Likelihood, Yichuan Zhao, Ian W. Mckeague

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

This paper develops empirical likelihood based simultaneous confidence bands for differences and ratios of two distribution functions from independent samples of right-censored survival data. The proposed confidence bands provide a flexible way of comparing treatments in biomedical settings, and bring empirical likelihood methods to bear on important target functions for which only Wald-type confidence bands have been available in the literature. The approach is illustrated with a real data example.

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One-Dimensional Dynamical Systems And Benford's Law, Arno Berger, Leonid A. Bunimovich, Theodore P. Hill Jan 2005

One-Dimensional Dynamical Systems And Benford's Law, Arno Berger, Leonid A. Bunimovich, Theodore P. Hill

Research Scholars in Residence

Near a stable fixed point at 0 or ∞, many real-valued dynamical systems follow Benford's law: under iteration of a map T the proportion of values in {x, T(x), T2(x), ... , Tn(x)} with mantissa (base b) less than t tends to logbt for all t in [1,b) as n→ ∞, for all integer bases b>1. In particular, the orbits under most power, exponential, and rational functions (or any successive combination thereof), follow Benford's law for almost all sufficiently large initial values. For linearly-dominated systems, convergence to Benford's distribution …

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Voice Authenticationa Study Of Polynomial Representation Of Speech Signals, John Strange Jan 2005

Voice Authenticationa Study Of Polynomial Representation Of Speech Signals, John Strange

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A subset of speech recognition is the use of speech recognition techniques for voice authentication. Voice authentication is an alternative security application to the other biometric security measures such as the use of fingerprints or iris scans. Voice authentication has advantages over the other biometric measures in that it can be utilized remotely, via a device like a telephone. However, voice authentication has disadvantages in that the authentication system typically requires a large memory and processing time than do fingerprint or iris scanning systems. Also, voice authentication research has yet to provide an authentication system as reliable as the other …

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Session-Based Intrusion Detection System To Map Anomalous Network Traffic, Bruce Caulkins Jan 2005

Session-Based Intrusion Detection System To Map Anomalous Network Traffic, Bruce Caulkins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Computer crime is a large problem (CSI, 2004; Kabay, 2001a; Kabay, 2001b). Security managers have a variety of tools at their disposal -- firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), encryption, authentication, and other hardware and software solutions to combat computer crime. Many IDS variants exist which allow security managers and engineers to identify attack network packets primarily through the use of signature detection; i.e., the IDS recognizes attack packets due to their well-known "fingerprints" or signatures as those packets cross the network's gateway threshold. On the other hand, anomaly-based ID systems determine what is normal traffic within a network and reports …

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Interferometry-Based Free Space Communication And Information Processing, Muzamil Arshad Arain Jan 2005

Interferometry-Based Free Space Communication And Information Processing, Muzamil Arshad Arain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation studies, analyzes, and experimentally demonstrates the innovative use of interference phenomenon in the field of opto-electronic information processing and optical communications. A number of optical systems using interferometric techniques both in the optical and the electronic domains has been demonstrated in the filed of signal transmission and processing, optical metrology, defense, and physical sensors. Specifically it has been shown that the interference of waves in the form of holography can be exploited to realize a novel optical scanner called Code Multiplexed Optical Scanner (C-MOS). The C-MOS features large aperture, wide scan angles, 3-D beam control, no moving parts, …

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Ion Cyclotron Waves In The Saturnian Magnetosphere Associated With Cassini's Engine Exhaust, C. T. Russell, J. S. Leisner, K. K. Khurana, M. K. Dougherty, X. Blanco-Cano, Jane L. Fox Jan 2005

Ion Cyclotron Waves In The Saturnian Magnetosphere Associated With Cassini's Engine Exhaust, C. T. Russell, J. S. Leisner, K. K. Khurana, M. K. Dougherty, X. Blanco-Cano, Jane L. Fox

Physics Faculty Publications

Five hours after the orbit insertion maneuver that placed Cassini into orbit about Saturn, a long (90 minute) burst of ion cyclotron waves were seen, very different than any waves on the inbound leg of the orbit or on succeeding orbits. The ion cyclotron waves were left-hand elliptically polarized and propagating at a moderately large angle to the local magnetic field. The waves had a noticeable compressional component consistent with their off angle propagation. The frequency band of the signals was moderately broad and consistent with the singly ionized components of the engine exhaust gases: CO2, N2 …

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Spectral Signature Modification By Application Of Infrared Frequency-Selective Surfaces, Brian Monacelli Jan 2005

Spectral Signature Modification By Application Of Infrared Frequency-Selective Surfaces, Brian Monacelli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is desirable to modify the spectral signature of a surface, particularly in the infrared (IR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. To alter the surface signature in the IR, two methods are investigated: thin film application and antenna array application. The former approach is a common and straightforward incorporation of optically-thin film coatings on the surface designated for signature modification. The latter technique requires the complex design of a periodic array of passive microantenna elements to cover the surface in order to modify its signature. This technology is known as frequency selective surface (FSS) technology and is established in the …

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Part I : Isolation Of Dipentyl 2-(4-(Pentan-3-Yl) Phenyl) Malonate From Sanguisorba Officinalis Labill Part Ii: Synthesis Of A Novel Family Of Ethers Of Podocarpic Acid, Manjeera Yalavarty Jan 2005

Part I : Isolation Of Dipentyl 2-(4-(Pentan-3-Yl) Phenyl) Malonate From Sanguisorba Officinalis Labill Part Ii: Synthesis Of A Novel Family Of Ethers Of Podocarpic Acid, Manjeera Yalavarty

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The goal of part I of this thesis was to isolate pure anti cancer compounds from the Russian plant Sanguisorba officinalis. This plant was selected for investigation because it showed 100% activity against leukemia (L1210 mouse leukemia cells) during the preliminary screening of approximately 100 Russian plant extracts. This work has resulted in the isolation of novel compound 11 using traditional chromatography techniques. Compound 11 was characterized with spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, DQCOSY and MS. Compound 11 was assigned the structure dipentyl 2-(4-(pentan-3-yl) phenyl) malonate. The goal of part II of this thesis was …

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Boron-Rich Semiconducting Boron Carbide Neutron Detector, Andrew D. Harken, Ellen E. Day, Brian W. Robertson, Shireen Adenwalla Jan 2005

Boron-Rich Semiconducting Boron Carbide Neutron Detector, Andrew D. Harken, Ellen E. Day, Brian W. Robertson, Shireen Adenwalla

Shireen Adenwalla Papers

Data on the neutron detection capabilities of a variety of boron carbide/Si heterojunction diodes is presented. The pulse height spectra are compared with previously measured conversion layer devices and the variations in shape and position of the peaks are discussed.

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Two Simple Resistant Regression Estimators, David J. Olive Jan 2005

Two Simple Resistant Regression Estimators, David J. Olive

Articles and Preprints

Two simple resistant regression estimators with OP(n−1/2) convergence rate are presented. Ellipsoidal trimming can be used to trim the cases corresponding to predictor variables x with large Mahalanobis distances, and the forward response plot of the residuals versus the fitted values can be used to detect outliers. The first estimator uses ten forward response plots corresponding to ten different trimming proportions, and the final estimator corresponds to the “best” forward response plot. The second estimator is similar to the elemental resampling algorithm, but sets of O(n) cases are used instead of randomly …

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Factors Of Dickson Polynomials Over Finite Fields, Robert W. Fitzgerald, Joseph L. Yucas Jan 2005

Factors Of Dickson Polynomials Over Finite Fields, Robert W. Fitzgerald, Joseph L. Yucas

Articles and Preprints

We give new descriptions of the factors of Dickson polynomials over finite fields.

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Highly Degenerate Quadratic Forms Over Finite Fields Of Characteristic 2, Robert W. Fitzgerald Jan 2005

Highly Degenerate Quadratic Forms Over Finite Fields Of Characteristic 2, Robert W. Fitzgerald

Articles and Preprints

Let K/F be an extension of finite fields of characteristic two. We consider quadratic forms written as the trace of xR(x), where R(x) is a linearized polynomial. We show all quadratic forms can be so written, in an essentially unique way. We classify those R, with coefficients 0 or 1, where the form has a codimension 2 radical. This is applied to maximal Artin-Schreier curves and factorizations of linearized polynomials.

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