Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

String Gas Cosmology, Scott Watson, Thorsten Battefeld

Physics - All Scholarship

We present a critical review and summary of String Gas Cosmology. We include a pedagogical derivation of the effective action starting from string theory, emphasizing the necessary approximations that must be invoked. Working in the effective theory, we demonstrate that at late-times it is not possible to stabilize the extra dimensions by a gas of massive string winding modes. We then consider additional string gases that contain so-called enhanced symmetry states. These string gases are very heavy initially, but drive the moduli to locations that minimize the energy and pressure of the gas. We consider both classical and quantum gas …

B And I-Band Optical Micro-Variability Observations Of The Bl Lac Objects S5 2007+777 And 3c 371, Niall Smith, Et. Al.

Blackrock Castle Observatory Publications

We have observed S5 2007+777 and 3C 371 in the B and I bands for 13 and 8 nights, respectively, during various observing runs in 2001, 2002 and 2004. The observations resulted in almost evenly sampled light curves, h long. We do not detect any flares within the observed light curves, but we do observe small amplitude, significant variations, in both bands, on time scales of hours and days. The average variability amplitude on time scales of minutes/hours is ~2.5% and ~% in the case of S5 2007+777 and 3C 371, respectively. The average amplitudes increase to % and %, …

High-Resolution Studies Of Tropolone In The S 0 And S 1 Electronic States: Isotope Driven Dynamics In The Zero-Point Energy Levels, John C. Keske, Wei Lin, Wallace C. Pringle, Stewart E. Novick, Thomas A. Blake, David F. Plusquellic

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rotationally resolved microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) spectra of jet-cooled tropolone have been obtained in S0 and S1 electronic states using Fourier-transform microwave and UV-laser/molecular-beam spectrometers. In the ground electronic state, the MW spectra of all heavy-atom isotopomers including one O18 and four C13 isotopomers were observed in natural abundance. The OD isotopomer was obtained from isotopically enriched samples. The two lowest tunneling states of each isotopomer except O18 have been assigned. The observed inversion splitting for the OD isotopomer is 1523.227(5) MHz. For the asymmetric C13 structures, the magnitudes of tunneling-rotation interactions are found to diminish with decreasing distance …

Effect Of Water Ice Content On Excavatability Of Lunar Regolith, Leslie S. Gertsch, Robert Gustafson, Richard E. Gertsch

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The amount of water ice contained within prepared samples of JSC-1 lunar regolith simulant strongly affects the excavatability of the material. As part of a NASA Phase I SBIR project, load-penetration testing of JSC-1 lunar regolith simulant was performed at water ice concentrations ranging from zero to 11% by mass (approximately saturated), after compaction and cooling to simulate probable lunar conditions. After mixing dry JSC-1 simulant with the appropriate amount of water, the samples were individually compressed into containment rings under 48 MPa of pressure. Thermocouples embedded in the samples monitored internal temperature while they were cooled in a bath …

Measurement, Characterization, And Source Apportionment Of The Major Chemical Components Of Fine Particulate Material, Including Semi-Volatile Species, Brett D. Grover

Theses and Dissertations

The promulgation of revised standards for atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) by the US EPA has sparked renewed interest in the ability to accurately measure and characterize suspended atmospheric particulate matter. Semi-volatile material (SVM), consisting of ammonium nitrate and semi-volatile organic material (SVOM), is not accurately measured by EPA accepted methods such as the Federal reference method (FRM) or Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). However, SVM is often a major fraction of urban aerosols. Recent advances in atmospheric sampling instrumentation allowed for the semi-continuous characterization of urban PM2.5, including SVM. The Filter Dynamic Measurement System (FDMS) was shown to measure total …

The Cape Grim Scanning Uv Spectrometer, Stephen R. Wilson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The scanning spectral radiometer operating at Cape Grim provides estimates of irradiance for several spectral regions between 298 and 400 nm. The physical characteristics of the spectrometer system are documented, including the wavelength shift and cosine response of the detector head. The procedures used for the spectrometer’s in situ calibration are also described. The scatter in the resulting calibrations is quantified for the period between 2000 and 2003, providing an estimate of the (wavelength dependent) uncertainty in the measurement.

Dynamics Of Immobilized And Native Escherichia Coli Dihydrofolate Reductase By Quasielastic Neutron Scattering, M. Tehei, J. Smith, C. Monk, J. Ollivier, M. Oettl, V. Kurkal, J. L. Finney, R. M. Daniel

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The internal dynamics of native and immobilized Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have been examined using incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering. These results reveal no difference between the high frequency vibration mean-square displacement of the native and the immobilized E. coli DHFR. However, length-scale-dependent, picosecond dynamical changes are found. On longer length scales, the dynamics are comparable for both DHFR samples. On shorter length scales, the dynamics is dominated by local jump motions over potential barriers. The residence time for the protons to stay in a potential well is t=7.95 ps for the native DHFR and t=20.36 ps for the immobilized …

Erratum: The Structure Of Alkali Halide Dimers: A Critical Test Of Ionic Models And New Ab Initio Results, T. Törring, S. Biermann, J. Hoeft, Richard J. Mawhorter, Robert J. Cave, C. Szemenyei

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

It has come to our attention that some of the ab initio results presented are incorrect due to errors in the Cs and C1 basis sets, and a small error in the binding energy of Rb2F2. The corrected results are presented below for the species that were affected, modifying the results in Table III of the original paper. Only those values which are different from the results of the original Table III are included. Note that some of these results are used for comparison with the ionic models in later tables. In addition, some HF data quoted in Tables V …

Crop Updates 2006 - Oilseeds, Graham Walton, Fiona Martin, Anne Wilkins, Nathan Hancock, Matthew Nelson, Marieclaire Castello, Linda Thompson, Anouska Cousin, Guijun Yan, Wallace Cowling, Moin Salam, Bill Mcloud, Ravjit Khangura, Jean Galloway, Art Diggle, R. F. Brennan, M. D. A. Bolland, P. M. Damon, Z. Rengel, Terry Rose, Qifu Ma, Dave Eksteen

Crop Updates

This session covers thirteen papers from different authors:

1. INTRODUCTION, Graham Walton, CONVENOR, Department of Agriculture

2. The performance of new TT canola varieties in National Variety Testing (NVT) WA, Fiona Martin, Research Agronomist, Agritech Crop Research

3. Comparison of TT Canola Varieties in Oilseeds WA Trials – 2005, Collated by G.H. Walton, Department of Agriculture, WA, from a collaboration between Oilseeds WA, Seed Companies, Agronomists and Growers

4. An overview of the potential for a Biofuels Industry in Western Australia, Anne Wilkins and Nathan Hancock, Department of Agriculture

5. Retrieval of fertile progeny from interspecific …

Crop Updates 2006 - Farming Systems, Wayne Pluske, Bill Bowden, Craig Scanan, Stephen Davies, Chris Gazey, Peter Tozer, Derk Bakker, Louise Barton, David Gatter, Renee Buck, Daniel Murphy, Christoph Hinz, Bill Porter, Meredith Fairbanks, Nicolyn Short, Ian Foster, James Fisher, Doug Abrecht, Mario D'Antuono, Tracey M. Gianatti, Paul Carmody, Frank D'Amden, Rick Llewellyn, Michael Burton, Caroline Peek, Nadine Eva, Chris Carter, Megan Abrahams, Andrew Blake, Paul Blackwell, Sylvian Pottier, Michael Robertson, Greg Lyle, Lisa Brennan, Tony J. Vyn, Simon Teakle, Peter Norris, Jeff Russell, James Fisher, Roy Murray-Prior, Deb Pritchard, Mike Collins, Greg Hamilton, Rob Hetherington, Andrew Van Burgel, Cliff Spann

Crop Updates

This session covers nineteen papers from different authors:

SOIL AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

1. Inve$tigating fertili$er inve$tment, Wayne Pluske, Nutrient Management Systems

2. KASM, the potassium in Agricultural System Model,Bill Bowden and Craig Scanlan, DAWA Northam and UWA, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences

3. Long term productivity and economic benefits of subsurface acidity management from surface and subsurface liming, Stephen Davies, Chris Gazey and Peter Tozer, Department of Agriculture

4. Furrow and ridges to prevent waterlogging, Dr Derk Bakker, Department of Agriculture

5. Nitrous oxide emissions from a cropped soil in Western Australia, Louise Barton^{1 …}

Fast Ground State Manipulation Of Neutral Atoms In Microscopic Optical Traps, D. D. Yavuz, P. B. Kulatunga, E. Urban, Todd A. Johnson, N. Proite, T. Henage, T. G. Walker, M. Saffman

Physics Faculty Publications

We demonstrate Rabi flopping at MHz rates between ground hyperfine states of neutral ⁸⁷Rb atoms that are trapped in two micron sized optical traps. Using tightly focused laser beams we demonstrate high fidelity, site specific Rabi rotations with cross talk on neighboring sites separated by 8  μm at the level of 10⁻³. Ramsey spectroscopy is used to measure a dephasing time of 870  μs, which is ≈5000  times longer than the time for a π/2 pulse.

Determining The Redox Properties Of Yucca Mountain-Related Groundwater Using Trace Element Speciation For Predicting The Mobility Of Nuclear Waste, James Cizdziel, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

The objective of this task is to determine the principal oxidation state (redox) species of select elements in samples of groundwater in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain (YM), which is being evaluated as a site for geologic storage of the nation’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. Samples to be analyzed include, but are not limited to, groundwater from wells of the Nye County Early Warning Drilling Program. Elements to be studied include arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), and uranium (U). The …

Taunton Watershed Water Resources, Geosyntec Consultants

Maps

No abstract provided.

Taunton Watershed Wildlife Habitat/Ecological Resources, Geosyntec Consultants

Maps

No abstract provided.

Taunton Watershed Land Use, Geosyntec Consultants

Maps

No abstract provided.

Taunton, Massachusetts Orthophotomap - East, Geosyntec Consultants

Maps

No abstract provided.

Taunton, Massachusetts Orthophotomap - West, Geosyntec Consultants

Maps

No abstract provided.

Top Quark Mass Measurement Using The Template Method In The Lepton + Jets Channel At Cdf Ii, A. Abulencia, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cdf Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

This article presents a measurement of the top quark mass using the CDF II detector at Fermilab. Colliding beams of protons and antiprotons at Fermilab’s Tevatron (√s = 1.96 TeV) produce top/antitop pairs, which decay to W⁺W^-bb̅; events are selected where one W decays to hadrons and the other W decays to either ℯ or μ plus a neutrino. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 318 pb^-1. A total of 165 tt̅ events are separated into four sub-samples based on jet transverse energy thresholds and the number of b …

Compact Solid-State Laser Source For 1s-2s Spectroscopy In Atomic Hydrogen, Scott D. Bergeson, N. Kolachevsky, J. Alnis, T. W. Hansch

Faculty Publications

We demonstrate a compact solid-state laser source for high-resolution two-photon spectroscopy of the 1S-2S transition in atomic hydrogen. The source emits up to 20 mW at 243 nm and consists of a 972 nm diode laser, a tapered amplifier, and two doubling stages. The diode laser is actively stabilized to a high-finesse cavity. We compare the new source to the stable 486 nm dye laser used in previous experiments and record 1S-2S spectra using both systems. With the solid-state laser system, we demonstrate a resolution of the hydrogen spectrometer of 6×10^11, which is promising for a number of high-precision measurements …

Landsat Cross-Calibration Based On Near Simultaneous Imaging Of Common Ground Targets, P.M. Teillet, B. L. Markham, Richard R. Irish

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

The paper presents the results of an extended analysis of image data sets acquired during the tandem-orbit configuration in 1999 for the purposes of radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors. Earlier work focused on the tandem pair for the Railroad Valley Playa, Nevada (RVPN) site to tie down the Landsat-5 TM calibration based on the more accurate Landsat-7 ETM+ calibration. This paper describes new results based on as many as eight tandem image pairs. The additional tandem images are of primarily vegetated areas for which little or no ground reference …

Exchange Bias Training Effect In Coupled All Ferromagnetic Bilayer Structures, Christian Binek, Srinivas Polisetty, Xi He, A. Berger

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Exchange coupled bilayers of soft and hard ferromagnetic thin films show remarkable analogies to conventional antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic exchange bias heterostructures. Not only do all these ferromagnetic bilayers exhibit a tunable exchange bias effect, they also show a distinct training behavior upon cycling the soft layer through consecutive hysteresis loops. In contrast with conventional exchange bias systems, such all ferromagnetic bilayer structures allow the observation of training induced changes in the bias-setting hardmagnetic layer by means of simple magnetometry. Our experiments show unambiguously that the exchange bias training effect is driven by deviations from equilibrium in the pinning layer. A comparison of …

Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation Using Self-Assembled Chiral Bidentate Ligands, James M. Takacs, Kittichai Chaiseeda, Shin A. Moteki, D. Sahadeva Reddy, Di Wu, Kusumlata Chandra

James Takacs Publications

The chirality-directed self-assembly of bifunctional subunits around a structural metal-typically, zinc(II)-is used to form a heteroleptic complex in which a second set of ligating groups are suitably disposed to bind a second metal, forming a heterobimetallic catalyst system. We find that subtle changes in the structural backbone (i.e., ligand scaffold) of such chiral bidentate self-assembled ligands (SALs) can be used to manipulate the ligand topography and chiral environment around catalytic metal; thus, the scaffold can be optimized to maximize asymmetric induction. Using this combinatorial strategy for ligand synthesis, a preliminary study was carried out in which a library of 110 …

The Polarization Signature From Microlensing Of Circumstellar Envelopes In Caustic Cossing Events, Richard Ignace, J. Bjorkman, H. Bryce

ETSU Faculty Works

In recent years, it has been shown that microlensing is a powerful tool for examining the atmospheres of stars in the Galactic bulge and Magellanic Clouds. The high gradient of magnification across the source during both small impact parameter events and caustic crossings offers a unique opportunity for determining the surface brightness profile of the source. Furthermore, models indicate that these events can also provide an appreciable polarization signal: arising from differential magnification across the otherwise symmetric source. Earlier work has addressed the signal from a scattering photosphere for both point mass lenses and caustic crossings. In a previous paper, …

The Polarization Signature From Microlensing Of Circumstellar Envelopes In Caustic Cossing Events., R. Ignace, J. E. Bjorkman, H. M. Bryce

Richard Ignace

In recent years, it has been shown that microlensing is a powerful tool for examining the atmospheres of stars in the Galactic bulge and Magellanic Clouds. The high gradient of magnification across the source during both small impact parameter events and caustic crossings offers a unique opportunity for determining the surface brightness profile of the source. Furthermore, models indicate that these events can also provide an appreciable polarization signal: arising from differential magnification across the otherwise symmetric source. Earlier work has addressed the signal from a scattering photosphere for both point mass lenses and caustic crossings. In a previous paper, …

A Topology-Constrained Distance Network Algorithm For Protein Structure Determination From Noesy Data, Yuanpeng Janet Huang, Roberto Tejero, Robert Powers, Gaetano T. Montelione

Robert Powers Publications

This article formulates the multidimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) interpretation problem using graph theory and presents a novel, bottom-up, topology-constrained distance network analysis algorithm for NOESY cross peak interpretation using assigned resonances. AutoStructure is a software suite that implements this topology- constrained distance network analysis algorithm and iteratively generates structures using the three-dimensional (3D) protein structure calculation programs XPLOR/CNS or DYANA. The minimum input for AutoStructure includes the amino acid sequence, a list of resonance assignments, and lists of 2D, 3D, and/or 4D-NOESY cross peaks. AutoStructure can also analyze homodimeric proteins when X-filtered NOESY experiments are available. The quality …

Growth Of Carbon Grains In Supernova Ejecta, Ethan A-N. Deneault, Donald D. Clayton, Bradley S. Meyer

Publications

We present a chemical reaction network that describes the condensation chemistry of carbon dust grains in an expanding supernova shell. We assume that the region of interest consists solely of gaseous free carbon and oxygen atoms and that the buildup of CO is counteracted by the radioactive decay of 56Co, which breaks up the CO mol-ecule and allows C to condense into solids. Our chemical model takes C to first form linear chains, which, at some critical length, transition into ringed isomers. These isomers are more resistant to oxidation than linear chains. These ringed isomers form the nuclei for the …

Pyrrolizidine Esters And Amides As 5-Ht4 Receptor Agonists And Antagonists, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn, Alan E. Moormann, Roger Nosal

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

A series of pyrrolizidine esters, amides, and ureas was prepared and tested for 5-HT(4) and 5-HT(3) receptor binding, 5-HT(4) receptor agonism in the rat tunica muscularis mucosae (TMM) assay, and for 5-HT(3) receptor-mediated functional antagonism in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex assay. Several pyrrolizidine derivatives were identified with high affinity for the 5-HT(4) receptor, including benzamide 12a (SC-53116), a potent and selective 5-HT(4) partial agonist that exhibits efficacy in promoting antral contractions and activity in promoting gastric emptying in canine models. Also discovered were 5-HT(4) receptor antagonists, including imidazopyridine amide 12h (SC-53606), which is a potent and selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist with …

Reliable Electron Affinities Of Perfluorocyclopropane And Perfluorocyclobutane From Convergent Ab Initio Computations, Adel M. Elsohly, Macey L. Renault, Gregory S. Tschumper

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

To resolve discrepancies concerning the magnitude of the electron affinities of perfluoro cyclopropane and perfluorocyclobutane, quantum chemical calculations have been carried out with the MP2 and CCSD(T), methods in conjunction with augmented correlation consistent basis sets (aug-cc-pVX Z, X = D, T, Q). Though no experimental values have been found for perfluoro cyclopropane, we estimate its electron affinity to be 0.17 eV (0.00 eV without zero-point vibrational energy corrections). In addition, determination of the electron affinity of perfluorocyclobutane (0.61 and 0.44 eV with and without zero-point vibrational energy corrections, respectively) is in good agreement with experimental values reported by Miller …

Finding The Radial Parallel Temperature Profile In A Non-Neutral Plasma Using Equilibrium Calculations On Experimental Data, Grant W. Hart, Bryan G. Peterson

Faculty Publications

In 1992, Eggleston et al. [D. L. Eggleston et al., Phys. Fluids B 4, 3432 (1992)] reported on a technique for measuring the radial temperature profile in a pure-electron plasma confined in a Malmberg-Penning trap by partially dumping the plasma onto a charge collector at the end of the trap. For short plasmas and short confining rings, the assumptions in their paper are violated and a more general calculation is needed. This paper presents a variation of the standard equilibrium calculation to find the temperature profile of a pure-electron plasma. Eggleston's shortcut "evaporation" temperature method is found to require a …

First Investigation Of Excited States In The Odd-Proton Nucleus Fr209, D. A. Meyer, C. W. Beausang, J. J. Ressler, H. Ai, H. Amro, M. Babilon, R. F. Casten, C. R. Fitzpatrick, G. Gurdal, A. Heinz, E. A. Mccutchan, C. Plettner, J. Qian, N. J. Thomas, V. Werner, E. Williams, N. V. Zamfir, Jing-Ye Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

Excited states in ²⁰⁹Fr were produced following the ¹⁷⁶Yb(³⁷Cl, 4n) reaction. An excitation function was measured with data taken at 173, 179, and 185 MeV. Recoiling fusion-evaporation products were separated using the SASSYER gas-filled spectrometer. HPGe clover detectors of the YRAST Ball array at the target position and at the focal plane were used to detect prompt and delayed gamma ray decays, providing the first spectroscopic information about prompt and delayed transitions in ²⁰⁹Fr. The decay from a proposedπ i_13/2 configuration isomer was observed in ²⁰⁹Fr, and its half-life was measured …