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2006

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Articles 3691 - 3720 of 5872

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 04 Jan 2006

The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 04

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This is the complete issue of the South Dakota State University Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 4.

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Combinatorial Markov Random Fields, Ron Bekkerman, Erik Learned-Miller Jan 2006

Combinatorial Markov Random Fields, Ron Bekkerman, Erik Learned-Miller

Erik G Learned-Miller

A combinatorial random variable is a discrete random variable defined over a combinatorial set (e.g., a power set of a given set). In this paper we introduce combinatorial Markov random fields (Comrafs), which are Markov random fields where some of the nodes are combinatorial random variables. We argue that Comrafs are powerful models for unsupervised and semi-supervised learning. We put Comrafs in perspective by showing their relationship with several existing models. Since it can be problematic to apply existing inference techniques for graphical models to Comrafs, we design two simple and efficient inference algorithms specific for Comrafs, which are based …

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Improved Generative Models For Continuous Image Features Through Tree-Structured Non-Parametric Distributions, Marwan Mattar, Erik Learned-Miller Jan 2006

Improved Generative Models For Continuous Image Features Through Tree-Structured Non-Parametric Distributions, Marwan Mattar, Erik Learned-Miller

Erik G Learned-Miller

Density estimation arises in a wide range of vision problems and methods which can deal with high dimensional image features are of great importance. While in principle a non- parametric distribution can be estimated for the full featu re distribution using Parzen win- dows technique, the amount of data to make these estimates accurate is usually either unattainable or unmanageable. Consequently, most modelers resort to parametric models such as mixtures of Gaussians (or other more complicated parametric forms) or make in- dependence assumptions about the features. Such assumptions could be detrimental to the performance of vision systems since realistically, image …

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The Processing And Analysis Of In Situ Gene Expression Images Of The Mouse Brain, Manjunatha Jagalur1,, Chris Pal, Erik Learned-Miller, R Zoeller, David Kulp Jan 2006

The Processing And Analysis Of In Situ Gene Expression Images Of The Mouse Brain, Manjunatha Jagalur1,, Chris Pal, Erik Learned-Miller, R Zoeller, David Kulp

Erik G Learned-Miller

Many important high throughput projects use in situ gene expression detection technology and require the analysis of images of spatial cross sections of organisms taken at cellular level resolution. Projects creating gene expression atlases at unprecedented scales for the embryonic fruit fly as well as the embryonic and adult mouse already involve the analysis of hundreds of thousands of high resolution experimental images. We present an end-to-end approach for processing raw in situ expression imagery and performing subsequent analysis. We use a nonlinear image registration technique specifically adapted for mapping expression images to anatomical annotations and a method for extracting …

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Minimal Test Collections For Retrieval Evaluation, Ben Carterette, James Allan, Ramesh Sitaraman Jan 2006

Minimal Test Collections For Retrieval Evaluation, Ben Carterette, James Allan, Ramesh Sitaraman

Ramesh Sitaraman

Accurate estimation of information retrieval evaluation metrics such as average precision require large sets of relevance judgments. Building sets large enough for evaluation of real-world implementations is at best inefficient, at worst infeasible. In this work we link evaluation with test collection construction to gain an understanding of the minimal judging effort that must be done to have high confidence in the outcome of an evaluation. A new way of looking at average precision leads to a natural algorithm for selecting documents to judge and allows us to estimate the degree of confidence by defining a distribution over possible document …

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Fractional Stokes-Einstein And Debye-Stokes-Einstein Relations In A Network Forming Liquid, S. Becker, P. Poole, Francis Starr Jan 2006

Fractional Stokes-Einstein And Debye-Stokes-Einstein Relations In A Network Forming Liquid, S. Becker, P. Poole, Francis Starr

Francis Starr

No abstract provided.

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Model For Assembly And Gelation Of Four-Armed Dna Dendrimers, Francis Starr, Francesco Sciortino Jan 2006

Model For Assembly And Gelation Of Four-Armed Dna Dendrimers, Francis Starr, Francesco Sciortino

Francis Starr

No abstract provided.

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Real-Time Measurement Of The Size Of Air Particulates, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Stanisław Kamiński Jan 2006

Real-Time Measurement Of The Size Of Air Particulates, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Stanisław Kamiński

Robert Oleniacz

The gravimetric method of measuring PM10 particulate concentration in air is the reference method used in Poland and in the European Union. To get information on mass fractions of lower diameter particulates (e.g. PM5, PM2,5 or PM1) one usually has to apply various pre-sorters (most often of the impact type). This paper presents a new device that measures air particulate sizes in real time. The device makes it possible to classify (sort) air particulates according to size into 256 granularity classes from about 0.4 µm up to 300 µm. Tests of a device prototype were conducted in Warsaw at the …

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Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesu Grafityzacji Elektrod Węglowych W Piecach Lwg (Castnera). Cz. 2. Wybrane Substancje Pyłowe, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski Jan 2006

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesu Grafityzacji Elektrod Węglowych W Piecach Lwg (Castnera). Cz. 2. Wybrane Substancje Pyłowe, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The measurement results of quantity of dust pollutants originated and emitted to air from LWG (Castner) furnaces during graphitisation process of coal electrodes were presented in the paper. The investigation was carried out for total dust, total tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measurements were performed both before and after the flue gas control system (catalytic burning and wet cleaning). Thus changes of the substance concentrations in the gases for the cleaning system were estimated. As a result of the investigation was conclusion that the graphite process of coal electrodes in LWG stoves is not a significant source …

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Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Pieca Achesona Do Grafityzacji Wyrobów Drobnych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski Jan 2006

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Pieca Achesona Do Grafityzacji Wyrobów Drobnych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

Research results of the air pollutant emissions from the graphitisation process of fine products in the Acheson electric resistance furnace (discharge capacity 5,5 Mg) were presented in the paper. Research was performed for two kinds of raw material inputs (based on petroleum coke and pitch coke). Approximately 40-hours measurement series were carried out for each material including mainly such substances like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylenes, total dust, tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both average and maximum concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases and average emission factors …

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Approximation Of Fuzzy Functions By Distance Method, S. Abbasbandy, M. Amirfakhrian Jan 2006

Approximation Of Fuzzy Functions By Distance Method, S. Abbasbandy, M. Amirfakhrian

Saeid Abbasbandy

Approximation of functions in a given space is an old problem in applied mathematics. In this paper the problem is considered for fuzzy data and fuzzy functions using the defuzzification function introduced by Fortemps and Roubens. We introduce a fuzzy polynomial approximation as D-approximation of a fuzzy function on a discrete set of points and we present a method to compute it.

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Ranking Of Fuzzy Numbers By Min Distance, S. Abbasbandy, M. Otadi, M. Mosleh Jan 2006

Ranking Of Fuzzy Numbers By Min Distance, S. Abbasbandy, M. Otadi, M. Mosleh

Saeid Abbasbandy

Several different strategies have been proposed for ranking of fuzzy numbers. These include methods based on the coefficient of variation (CV index), distance between fuzzy sets, centroid point and original point, and weighted mean value. Each of these techniques has been shown to produce non-intuitive results in certain cases. In this paper we propose a ranking method for fuzzy numbers by min distance. The method for ranking fuzzy numbers suggested in this paper is based on comparison of distance from fuzzy numbers to fuzzy minimum where fuzzy minimum is a reference set and this method able to overcome the shortcomings …

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Development Of A Design Environment For End Users To Build The Target-Relevant Decision Support Tools In Rural Industry, Shah Jahan Miah Jan 2006

Development Of A Design Environment For End Users To Build The Target-Relevant Decision Support Tools In Rural Industry, Shah Jahan Miah

Dr Shah Jahan Miah

Decision support systems (DSS) developed by end users have had limited success in rural operations. This paper will discuss the development stages of a new tool for improving the DSS development process in the rural industries. The object of this project is to develop an end user enabled design environment (EUEDE) which will allow a non-technical computer user to build target-relevant decision support tools. The resultant design environment aims to allow the end user to re-use and share their knowledge within a specific business context. This approach will facilitate flexibility to build relevant DSS’s for an end user’s specific decision …

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Place-Valued Logics Around Cybernetic Ontology, The Bcl And Afosr, Rudolf Kaehr Jan 2006

Place-Valued Logics Around Cybernetic Ontology, The Bcl And Afosr, Rudolf Kaehr

Rudolf Kaehr

No abstract provided.

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From Ruby To Rudy, Rudolf Kaehr Jan 2006

From Ruby To Rudy, Rudolf Kaehr

Rudolf Kaehr

No abstract provided.

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The Chinese Challenge. Hallucinations For Other Futures, Rudolf Kaehr Jan 2006

The Chinese Challenge. Hallucinations For Other Futures, Rudolf Kaehr

Rudolf Kaehr

The main question is: What can we learn from China that China is not teaching us? It is proposed that a study of polycontextural logic and morphogrammatics could be helpful to discover this new kind of rationality.

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The Night Of October 2, 1984, Donald G. Laird Jan 2006

The Night Of October 2, 1984, Donald G. Laird

Dr. David Morgan Lochhead

October 2, 1984 David Lochhead made an address on the occasion of his becoming Full Professor of Theology at the Vancouver School of Theology. He entitled his address: Theology in a Digital World. This was four years before it became available in print.

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Exodus From Eden: Comprehending Our Creation In An Un/Real World, Curtis Ackley Jan 2006

Exodus From Eden: Comprehending Our Creation In An Un/Real World, Curtis Ackley

Dr. David Morgan Lochhead

Rev. Curis S. Ackey. Keynote Address Presented October 14, 2006 at the David Lochhead Memorial Symposium Virtual Un/Reality: The Spirituality of Cyberspace Copyright © 2006 by Curtis S. Ackley

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Getting Real In Virtual Reality, Debbie Herring Jan 2006

Getting Real In Virtual Reality, Debbie Herring

Dr. David Morgan Lochhead

Address of Dr. Debbie Herring at the David Lochhead Memorial Symposium, October 14-16, 2006. Dr. Herring is A Senior Lecturer at the Urban Theology Unit of the Sheffield University Biblical Studies Department.

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New Interpretation Of Homotopy Perturbation Method, Ji-Huan He Jan 2006

New Interpretation Of Homotopy Perturbation Method, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

The present work constitutes a guided tour through the mathematics needed for a proper understanding of homotopy perturbation method as applied to various nonlinear problems. It gives a new interpretation of the concept of constant expansion in the homotopy perturbation method

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Investigation Of Coke Deposition And Coke Inhibition By Organosulfur Compounds In The Pyrolysis Of Naphtha In The Jet Stirred Reactor System, D Salari, A Niaei, J Towfighi, P Panahi, Reza Nabavi Jan 2006

Investigation Of Coke Deposition And Coke Inhibition By Organosulfur Compounds In The Pyrolysis Of Naphtha In The Jet Stirred Reactor System, D Salari, A Niaei, J Towfighi, P Panahi, Reza Nabavi

Seyed Reza nabavi

No abstract provided.

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A Brownian Particle Having A Fluctuating Mass, Marcel Ausloos, Renaud Lambiotte Jan 2006

A Brownian Particle Having A Fluctuating Mass, Marcel Ausloos, Renaud Lambiotte

Renaud Lambiotte

We focus on the dynamics of a Brownian particle whose mass fluctuates. First we show that the behaviour is similar to that of a Brownian particle moving in a fluctuating medium, as studied by Beck. By performing numerical simulations of the Langevin equation, we check the theoretical predictions derived in the adiabatic limit, and study deviations outside this limit. We compare the mass velocity distribution with truncated Tsallis distributions and find excellent agreement if the masses are chi-squared distributed. We also consider the diffusion of the Brownian particle by studying a Bernoulli random walk with fluctuating walk length in one …

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Investigating Omitted Variable Bias In Regression Parameter Estimation: A Genetic Algorithm Approach, Lonnie K. Stevans, David N. Sessions Jan 2006

Investigating Omitted Variable Bias In Regression Parameter Estimation: A Genetic Algorithm Approach, Lonnie K. Stevans, David N. Sessions

Lonnie K. Stevans

Bias in regression estimates resulting from the omission of a correlated relevant variable is a well known phenomenon. In this study, we apply a genetic algorithm to estimate the missing variable and, using that estimated variable, demonstrate that significant bias in regression estimates can be substantially corrected with relatively high confidence in effective models. Our interest is restricted to the case of a missing binary indicator variable and the analytical properties of bias and MSE dominance of the resulting dependent error generated vector process. These findings are compared to prior results for the independent error proxy process. Simulations are run …

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Le Voragini Catastrofiche Della Florida, Lee J. Florea, Robert Brooks, Tom Turner, Mario Parise Jan 2006

Le Voragini Catastrofiche Della Florida, Lee J. Florea, Robert Brooks, Tom Turner, Mario Parise

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

The West-Central Florida landscape is worlds away from white-sand beaches and palm trees: gentle rolling hills, dense jungle-like forests, pine tree and palmetto scrub lands, impenetrable cypress swamps, and alligator-laden rivers. Numerous crystal-clear springs offer a glimpse of the hidden world below these wildly-diverse ecosystems. Internationally recognized in the cave diving community, Florida harbors some of the longest and most spectacular underwater cave systems. Lesser known are Florida’s “dry” caves, that rarely have large natural openings and, though often smaller than their aquatic counterparts, the beauty found within can rival the world’s best show-caves. Little was known about caves and …

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Community Education In Karst At The Geological Alumni Society Geopark, University Of South Florida, Beth Fratesi, Lee J. Florea Jan 2006

Community Education In Karst At The Geological Alumni Society Geopark, University Of South Florida, Beth Fratesi, Lee J. Florea

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

No abstract provided.

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Cave Levels, Marine Terraces, Paleoshorelines, And The Water Table In Peninsular Florida, Lee J. Florea, H L. Vacher Jan 2006

Cave Levels, Marine Terraces, Paleoshorelines, And The Water Table In Peninsular Florida, Lee J. Florea, H L. Vacher

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

Levels of passages are a common feature of many cave systems around the world. Likewise, coastal and marine terraces are common in coastal plain settings. This paper extends the discussion of cave levels from traditional research sites in the interior lowlands of the United States to the Atlantic Coastal Plains, namely peninsular Florida. Are there levels in Florida caves, and is there a link between the elevation of cave levels, marine terraces, paleoshorelines, and thus the water table, above and below present sea level in peninsular Florida?

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Textural And Fractal Properties Of Cuo/Al2o3 Catalyst Supports, Zeljko D. Cupic Jan 2006

Textural And Fractal Properties Of Cuo/Al2o3 Catalyst Supports, Zeljko D. Cupic

Zeljko D Cupic

No abstract provided.

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Spatial-Temporal Data Mining Procedure: Lasr, Xiao-Feng Wang, Jiayang Sun, Kath Bogie Jan 2006

Spatial-Temporal Data Mining Procedure: Lasr, Xiao-Feng Wang, Jiayang Sun, Kath Bogie

Xiaofeng Wang

This paper is concerned with the statistical development of our spatial-temporal data mining procedure, LASR (pronounced "laser"). LASR is the abbreviation for Longitudinal Analysis with Self-Registration of largep-small-n data. It was motivated by a study of "Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation" experiments, where the data are noisy and heterogeneous, might not align from one session to another, and involve a large number of multiple comparisons. The three main components of LASR are: (1) data segmentation for separating heterogeneous data and for distinguishing outliers, (2) automatic approaches for spatial and temporal data registration, and (3) statistical smoothing mapping for identifying "activated" regions based …

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Removal Of Methyl-Tert Butyl Ether From Water By A Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic Discharge System, Danielle M. Angeloni, Sarah E. Dickson, Monica B. Emelko, J -S Chang Jan 2006

Removal Of Methyl-Tert Butyl Ether From Water By A Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic Discharge System, Danielle M. Angeloni, Sarah E. Dickson, Monica B. Emelko, J -S Chang

Sarah E Dickson

The removal of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from water by a pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) system was investigated experimentally at the laboratory scale. The effects of arc electrode gap, detention time and initial solution pH on the efficacy of MTBE treatment by PAED were investigated. A 0.3 kJ/pulse spark-gap-type power supply was employed in combination with a 3.0 L flow-through reactor. Experimental results showed that: 1) oxidation reactions are induced by this PAED system; 2) removal efficiency increases with increasing cumulative input energy (kW·h/m3 or kJ/L); 3) removal efficiency decreases with increasing arc electrode gap; and 4) initial solution pH …

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Pulsed Electrohydraulic Discharge Characteristics In An Eccentric Electrode Cylindrical Reactor With Pbs, A Yamataki, D M. Angeloni, Sarah E. Dickson, Monica B. Emelko, K Yasuoka, J -S Chang Jan 2006

Pulsed Electrohydraulic Discharge Characteristics In An Eccentric Electrode Cylindrical Reactor With Pbs, A Yamataki, D M. Angeloni, Sarah E. Dickson, Monica B. Emelko, K Yasuoka, J -S Chang

Sarah E Dickson

Pulsed arc electrohydroulic discharge (PAED) has been proposed as a water treatment technology for the removal of chemical and microbial contaminants. In this work, we examined the fundamental characteristics of a PAED system with an eccentric electrode cylindrical reactor. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) water was used in lieu of tap water, because the conductivity of PBS is much higher than that of tap water. The results show that the voltage and current waveforms generated in PBS and tap water are very different due to the higher conductivity of PBS. Strong pressure waves and UV emission were also observed in PBS.

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