Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Chronic Exposure To Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Natal Habitats Leads To Decreased Equilibrium Size, Growth, And Stability Of Pink Salmon Populations, Ron A. Heintz

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The immediate and delayed effects of embryonic exposure to low levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been shown to reduce survival to maturity by 50% in exposed pink salmon populations. This suggests that chronically exposed populations could be extirpated over relatively few generations, but the effect of density dependence on extirpation rate is unknown. This study examines the interaction of PAH effects and randomly varying density dependence on a simulated population. The simulation derives from 70 years of observations made on a single pink salmon population and toxicity studies involving a hatchery population in the same watershed. Results from …

Phi Beta Delta: Implementation Of A Self-Maintaining Web Site, Pallavi Pillutla

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project was to develop an easy-to-maintain web site for the Gamma Lambda Chapter of Phi Beta Delta International Honor Society here at California State University, San Bernardino, which will manage complete and up-to-date information about the mission, members, officers and all the activities of the honor society.

Corrosion Studies On The Uss Arizona With Application To A Japanese Midget Submarine, Brent M. Wilson, Donald L. Johnson, Hans Vantilburg, Matthew A. Russell, Larry E. Murphy, James D. Carr, Robert J. De Angelis, David L. Conlin

Chemistry Department: Faculty Publications

The assessment of corrosion on the USS Arizona included the pioneering development of a minimum-impact cost-effective technique to determine the corrosion rate of steel-hulled shipwrecks in seawater. The technique, with potential application worldwide, is illustrated in this paper with the application to a World War II Japanese midget submarine submerged in deep waters off the Oahu, Hawaii, coast.

Tumour Suppressor Function Of Rnase L In A Mouse Model, Wendy Liu, Shu Ling Liang, Hongli Liu, Robert Silverman, Aimin Zhou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

RNase L is one of the key enzymes involved in the molecular mechanisms of interferon (IFN) actions. Upon binding with its activator, 5′-phosphorylated, 2′-5′ oligoadenylates (2-5A), RNase L plays an important role in the antiviral and anti-proliferative functions of IFN, and exerts proapoptotic activity independent of IFN. In this study, we have found that RNase L retards proliferation in an IFN-dependent and independent fashion. To directly measure the effect of RNase L on tumour growth in the absence of other IFN-induced proteins, human RNase L cDNA was stably expressed in P-57 cells, an aggressive mouse fibrosarcoma cell line. Three clonal …

Regional Groundwater Quality In Watersheds Of The Upper Cumberland, Lower Cumberland, And Lower Tennessee Rivers, And The Jackson Purchase Region (Kentucky Basin Management Unit 3), R. Stephen Fisher, Bart Davidson, Peter T. Goodmann

Report of Investigations--KGS

The Kentucky Geological Survey and the Kentucky Division of Water are evaluating groundwater quality throughout the commonwealth to determine regional conditions, assess impacts of nonpoint-source contaminants, provide a baseline for tracking changes, and provide essential information for environmental-protection and resource-management decisions. This report summarizes expanded groundwater monitoring activities and groundwater quality in watersheds of the Upper Cumberland River, Lower Cumberland River, Tennessee River, and the Jackson Purchase Region (Kentucky Basin Management Unit 3).

Thirty wells and springs were sampled seasonally between the summer of 2000 and the spring of 2001, and analyzed at the Kentucky Division of Environmental Services Laboratory. …

New Insights Into Marine Migration And Winter Habitat Of Gulf Sturgeon, Randy E. Edwards, Frank M. Parauka, Kenneth J. Sulak

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Migrations and movements of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi were determined using satellite pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags and acoustic telemetry. Adult Gulf sturgeon from four rivers in northwestern Florida were caught with gill nets and were tagged with PAT and acoustic tags in the fall of 2001 and 2002. PAT tags were programmed to release in early February 2002 and 2003 to provide information about location of late-winter marine habitats. However, only 5 of 25 provided meaningful location information. Three of the PAT-tagged fish were relocated acoustically near the PAT tag pop-up locations, one of which was in Choctawhatchee …

Hydrologic Connectivity And The Contribution Of Stream Headwaters To Ecological Integrity At Regional Scales, Mary C. Freeman, Catherine M. Pringle, C. Rhett Jackson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Cumulatively, headwater streams contribute to maintaining hydrologic connectivity and ecosystem integrity at regional scales. Hydrologic connectivity is the water-mediated transport of matter, energy and organisms within or between elements of the hydrologic cycle. Headwater streams compose over two-thirds of total stream length in a typical river drainage and directly connect the upland and riparian landscape to the rest of the stream ecosystem. Altering headwater streams, e.g., by channelization, diversion through pipes, impoundment and burial, modifies fluxes between uplands and downstream river segments and eliminates distinctive habitats. The large-scale ecological effects of altering headwaters are amplified by land uses that alter …

Late Cenozoic Climate Changes In China’S Western Interior: A Review Of Research On Lake Qinghai And Comparison With Other Records, Steven M. Colman, Shi-Yong Yua, Zhisheng Anc, Ji Shend, A.C.G. Henderson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We review Late Cenozoic climate and environment changes in the western interior of China with an emphasis on lacustrine records from Lake Qinghai. Widespread deposition of red clay in the marginal basins of the Tibetan Plateau indicates that the Asian monsoon system was initially established by ~8 Ma, when the plateau reached a threshold altitude. Subsequent strengthening of the winter monsoon, along with the establishment of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, reflects a long-term trend of global cooling. The few cores from the Tibetan Plateau that reach back a million years suggest that they record the mid-Pleistocene transition from glacial …

Sediment Geochemical Records Of Productivity And Oxygen Depletion Along The Margin Of Western North America During The Past 60,000 Years: Teleconnections With Greenland Ice And The Cariaco Basin, Walter E. Dean

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Many sediment records from the margins of the Californias (Alta and Baja) collected in water depths between 60 and 1200m contain anoxic intervals (laminated sediments) that can be correlated with interstadial intervals as defined by the oxygen-isotope composition of Greenland ice (Dansgaard–Oeschger, D–O, cycles). These intervals include all or parts of Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (OIS3; 60–24 cal ka), the Bolling/Allerod warm interval (B/A; 15–13 cal ka), and the Holocene. This study uses organic carbon (Corg) and trace-element proxies for anoxia and productivity, namely elevated concentrations and accumulation rates of molybdenum and cadmium, in these laminated sediments to suggest that …

The Russell Gold Deposit, Carolina Slate Belt, North Carolina, Terry Klein, Charles Cunningham, M.A.V. Logan, Robert R. Seal Ii

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Gold deposits have been mined in the Carolina slate belt from the early 1800s to recent times, with most of the production from large mines in South Carolina. The Russell mine, one of the larger producers in North Carolina, is located in the central Uwharrie Mountains, and produced over 470 kg of gold. Ore grades averaged about 3.4 grams per tonne (g/t), with higher-grade zones reported. The Russell deposit is interpreted to be a sediment-hosted, gold-rich, base-metal poor, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in which gold was remobilized, in part, during Ordovician metamorphism. The ore was deposited syngenetically with laminated siltstones …

San Andreas Fault Zone Mineralogy, Geochemistry, And Physical Properties From Safod Cuttings And Core, John G. Solum, Stephen Hickman, David A. Lockner, Sheryl Tembe, Jim P. Evans, Sarah D. Draper, D. C. Barton, David L. Kirschner, Judith S. Chester, Frederick M. Chester, Ben A. Van Der Pluijm, Anja M. Schleicher, Diane E. Moore, Carolyn Morrow, Kelly Bradbury, Wendy M. Calvin, Teng-Fong Wong

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD), drilled near the town of Parkfield, California (Fig. 1) (Hickmen et al., 2004) as part of the U.S. National Science Foundation's EarthScope Project (see http://www.earthscope.org), provieds a continuous set of samples through the active San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. These samples can help address decades-old questions such as apparent weakness of the SAF (Zoback, 2000) providing the unparalleled opportunity to contrain the parameters that control the behavior of plate counding faults like the San Andreas.

Samples collected form SAFOD also complement studies of exhumed fault zones. While studies of exhumed fault zones …

Seismology Inside The Fault Zone: Applications To Fault-Zone Properties And Rupture Dynamics, William L. Ellsworth, Peter E. Malin, Kazutoshi Imanishi, Steven W. Roecker, Robert Nadeau, Volder Oye, Clifford H. Thurber, Felix Waldhauser, Namoi L. Boness, Stephen H. Hickman, Mark D. Zoback

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A central goal of seismology is to understand the physics of earthquakes and other sources of seismic waves in the Earth. We would like to understand how dynamic instabilities are nucleated, how they evolve in space and time, and how they come to rest. To achieve this goal, we need observations that are truly broadband with respect to source process time scales. Because the high-frequency limit of a seismogram directly controls the spatial scale at which we can resolve these processes, the requirement for “broadband” means bandwidth that is sufficient to record the shortest pulse produced by the physical system …

Microbial Sulfate Reduction And Metal Attenuation In Ph 4 Acid Mine Water, Clinton D. Church, Richard T. Wilkin, Charles N. Alpers, Robert O. Rye, R. Blaine Mccleskey

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Sediments recovered from the flooded mine workings of the Penn Mine, a Cu-Zn mine abandoned since the early 1960s, were cultured for anaerobic bacteria over a range of pH (4.0 to 7.5). The molecular biology of sediments and cultures was studied to determine whether sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were active in moderately acidic conditions present in the underground mine workings. Here we document multiple, independent analyses and show evidence that sulfate reduction and associated metal attenuation are occurring in the pH-4 mine environment. Waterchemistry analyses of the mine water reveal: (1) preferential complexation and precipitation by H₂S of Cu …

Butterfly Responses To Prairie Restoration Through Fire And Grazing, Jennifer A. Vogel, Diane M. Debinski, Rolf R. Koford, James R. Miller

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The development of land for modern agriculture has resulted in losses of native prairie habitat. The small, isolated patches of prairie habitat that remain are threatened by fire suppression, overgrazing, and invasion by non-native species. We evaluated the effects of three restoration practices (grazing only, burning only, and burning and grazing) on the vegetation characteristics and butterfly communities of remnant prairies. Total butterfly abundance was highest on prairies that were managed with burning and grazing and lowest on those that were only burned. Butterfly species richness did not differ among any of the restoration practices. Butterfly species diversity was highest …

Adaptive Data-Driven Models For Estimating Carbon Fluxes In The Northern Great Plains, Bruce K. Wylie, Eugene A. Fosnight, Tagir G. Gilmanov, Albert B. Frank, Jack A. Morgan, Marshall R. Haferkamp, Tilden P. Meyers

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Rangeland carbon fluxes are highly variable in both space and time. Given the expansive areas of rangelands, how rangelands respond to climatic variation, management, and soil potential is important to understanding carbon dynamics. Rangeland carbon fluxes associated with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) were measured from multiple year data sets at five flux tower locations in the Northern Great Plains. These flux tower measurements were combined with 1-km² spatial data sets of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), temperature, precipitation, seasonal NDVI metrics, and soil characteristics. Flux tower measurements were used to train and select variables for …

Arsenic Incorporation Into Authigenic Pyrite, Bengal Basin Sediment, Bangladesh, Heather A. Lowers, George N. Breit, Andrea L. Foster, John Whitney, James Yount, Md. Nehal Uddin, Ad. Atual Muneem

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Sediment from two deep boreholes (~400 m) approximately 90 km apart in southern Bangladesh was analyzed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), total chemical analyses, chemical extractions, and electron probe microanalysis to establish the importance of authigenic pyrite as a sink for arsenic in the Bengal Basin. Authigenic framboidal and massive pyrite (median values 1500 and 3200 ppm As, respectively), is the principal arsenic residence in sediment from both boreholes. Although pyrite is dominant, ferric oxyhydroxides and secondary iron phases contain a large fraction of the sediment-bound arsenic between approximately 20 and 100 m, which is the depth range of wells …

Geochemical Evidence For African Dust Inputs To Soils Of Western Atlantic Islands: Barbados, The Bahamas, And Florida, Daniel R, Muhs, James R. Budahn, Joseph M. Prospero, Steven N. Carey

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We studied soils on high-purity limestones of Quaternary age on the western Atlantic Ocean islands of Barbados, the Florida Keys, and the Bahamas. Potential soil parent materials in this region, external to the carbonate substrate, include volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent (near Barbados), volcanic ash from the islands of Dominica and St. Lucia (somewhat farther from Barbados), the fine-grained component of distal loess from the lower Mississippi River Valley, and wind-transported dust from Africa. These four parent materials can be differentiated using trace elements (Sc, Cr, Th, and Zr) and rare earth elements that have minimal mobility …

1991: Pinatubo Eruption, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Date: June 12-16, 1991

Place: Luzon, Philippines

Result: About 350 dead (mostly from collapsed roofs); extensive damage to homes, bridges, irrigation-canal dikes, and cropland; 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide spewed into the stratosphere up to an elevation of 15.5 miles

Prior to the 1991 eruption, Pinatubo had the appearance of a steep, domelike spheroid that rose about 2,297 feet (700 meters) above a gently sloping apron made of pyroclastic and epiclastic materials. Such a volcano belongs to the class of stratocones, of which such 803 well-known exemplars as Fuji and Mayon are considerably larger than Pinatubo. The extensive pyroclastic …

Integrated Geophysical Data Processing And Interpretation Of Crustal Structure In Ethiopia With Emphasis On The Ogaden Basin And Adjacent Areas, Ketsela Tadesse

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The combined effects of magmatism and stretching due to asthenosphere upwelling modifies the crustal structure of the Earth as seen in the Ethiopian rift and adjacent areas. The Ethiopian rift provides unique opportunities to understand the nature of rifted crust and the intensity of its modification by magmatic processes. I used geological and geophysical data to conduct an integrated study in and around the Ethiopian rift including the northern Kenyan rift and the northern part of the Kenyan dome. New gravity, controlled source seismic, and teleseismic data from the EAGLE (Ethiopia-Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment) were used as additional constraints in …

Measurement Of Coherent ɸ-Meson Photoproduction From The Deuteron At Low Energies, M. J. Amaryan, H. Bagdasaryan, S. Bültmann, S. L. Careccia, K. V. Dharmawardane, G. E. Dodge, G. Gavalian, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde-Wright, A. V. Klimenko, S. E. Kuhn, S. Tkachenko, L. B. Weinstein, Et. Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

The cross section and decay angular distributions for the coherent ɸ-meson photoproduction on the deuteron have been measured for the first time up to a squared four-momentum transfer t = (pᵧ - pɸ)² =-2 GeV²/c², using the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The cross sections are compared with predictions from a rescattering model. In a framework of vector meson dominance, the data are consistent with the total ɸ-N cross section σ_ɸN at about 10 mb. If vector meson dominance is violated, a larger σ_ɸN is possible by introducing a …

Reactive Oxygen Emission From Microwave Discharge Plasmas, S. Popovic, M. Rašković, S. P. Kuo, L. Vuskovic

Physics Faculty Publications

Metastable oxygen atoms and molecules have received increased interest because of their function in surface modification, bio-decontamination and many other industrial applications, in addition to the role in the upper atmospheric layer chemistry. We review work on production and detection of metastable oxygen and we describe our experiments, including the development of techniques for measurement of metastable molecular oxygen. We show that either metastable oxygen molecules or metastable oxygen atoms can be produced in large quantities in electrical discharges, carefully tailored to promote the required kinetics. Although the two species may coexist, colder discharge regimes favor production of molecules, while …

Cauchy Integrals And Möbius Geometry Of Curves, David E. Barrett, Michael Bolt

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Cornea, Carnap, And Current Closure Befuddlement, Stephen J. Wykstra

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Graham and Maitzen think my CORNEA principle is in trouble because it entails "intolerable violations of closure under known entailment." I argue that the trouble arises from current befuddlement about closure itself, and that a distinction drawn by Rudolph Carnap, suitably extended, shows how closure, when properly understood, works in tandem with CORNEA. CORNEA does not obey Closure because it shouldn't: it applies to "dynamic" epistemic operators, whereas closure principles hold only for "static" ones. What the authors see as an intolerable vice of CORNEA is actually a virtue, helping us see what closure principles should-and shouldn't-themselves be about.

Geometry Of Sub-Finsler Engel Manifolds, Jeanne N. Clelland, Christopher G. Moseley, George R. Wilkens

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

We analyze the geometry of sub-Finsler Engel manifolds, computing a complete set of local invariants for a large class of these manifolds. We derive geodesic equations for regular geodesics and show that in the symmetric case, the rigid curves are local minimizers. We end by illustrating our results with an example.

Thermal Effectiveness Characteristics Of Low Approach Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems In Buildings, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn

Articles

Meteorological enthalpy analysis of temperate and maritime climates above latitude 45°N suggests that the water-side evaporative cooling technique has considerable unrealised potential with contemporary “high temperature” building cooling systems—such as chilled ceilings and displacement ventilation. As low approach conditions are the key to exploiting the cooling potential of the ambient air, thermal performance at such conditions needs to be investigated. To address the research issues, an industrial scale test rig, based on a low approach open cooling tower and plate heat exchanger and designed to maximise evaporative cooling potential, has been constructed. The thermal effectiveness of such systems (as a …

Dna Repair In Incipient Alzheimer's Disease, Monika Ray, Weixiong Zhang

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder currently with no cure. Understanding the pathogenesis in the early stages of late-onset AD can help gain important mechanistic insights into this disease as well as aid in effective drug development. The analysis of incipient AD is steeped in difficulties due to its slight pathological and genetic differences from normal ageing. The difficulty also lies in the choice of analysis techniques as statistical power to analyse incipient AD with a small sample size, as is common in pilot studies, can be low if the proper analytical tool is not employed. In this …

Splice: A Standardized Peripheral Logic And Interface Creation Engine, Justin Thiel

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Recent advancements in FPGA technology have allowed manufacturers to place general-purpose processors alongside user-configurable logic gates on a single chip. At first glance, these integrated devices would seem to be the ideal deployment platform for hardware-software co-designed systems, but some issues, such as incompatibility across vendors and confusion over which bus interfaces to support, have impeded adoption of these platforms. This thesis describes the design and operation of Splice, a software-based code generation tool intended to address these types of issues by providing a bus-independent structure that allows end-users to easily integrate their customized peripheral logic into embedded systems. To …

Extending Bpel For Interoperable Pervasive Computing, Gregory Hackmann, Christopher Gill, Christopher Gill, Gruia-Catalin Roman

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

The widespread deployment of mobile devices like PDAs and mobile phones has created a vast computation and communication platform for pervasive computing applications. However, these devices feature an array of incompatible hardware and software architectures, discouraging ad-hoc interactions among devices. The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) allows users in wired computing settings to model applications of significant complexity, leveraging Web standards to guarantee interoperability. However, BPEL's inflexible communication model effectively prohibits its deployment on the kinds of dynamic wireless networks used by most pervasive computing devices. This paper presents extensions to BPEL that address these restrictions, transforming BPEL into a …

The Effect Of Object Color On Depth Ordering, Reynold Bailey, Cindy Grimm, Christopher Davoli, Richard Abrams

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

The relationship between color and perceived depth for realistic, colored objects with varying shading was explored. Background: Studies have shown that warm-colored stimuli tend to appear nearer in depth than cool-colored stimuli. The majority of these studies asked human observers to view physically equidistant, colored stimuli and compare them for relative depth. However, in most cases, the stimuli presented were rather simple: straight colored lines, uniform color patches, point light sources, or symmetrical objects with uniform shading. Additionally, the colors were typically highly saturated. Although such stimuli are useful for isolating and studying depth cues in certain contexts, they leave …

Strong Performance Guarantees For Asynchronous Buffered Crossbar Schedulers, Jonathon Turner

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Crossbar-based switches are commonly used to implement routers with throughputs up to about 1 Tb/s. The advent of crossbar scheduling algorithms that provide strong performance guarantees now makes it possible to engineer systems that perform well, even under extreme traffic conditions. Until recently, such performance guarantees have only been developed for crossbars that switch cells rather than variable length packets. Cell-based crossbars incur a worst-case bandwidth penalty of up to a factor of two, since they must fragment variable length packets into fixed length cells. In addition, schedulers for cell-based crossbars may fail to deliver the expected performance guarantees when …