Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Persistent Currents And Quantum Critical Phenomena In Mesoscopic Physics, Oleksandr Zelyak

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

In this thesis, we study persistent currents and quantum critical phenomena in the systems of mesoscopic physics. As an introduction in Chapter 1 we familiarize the reader with the area of mesoscopic physics. We explain how mesoscopic systems are different from quantum systems of single atoms and molecules and bulk systems with an Avogadro number of elements. We also describe some important mesoscopic phenomena.

One of the mathematical tools that we extensively use in our studies is Random Matrix Theorty. This theory is not a part of standard physics courses and for educational purposes we provide the basics of Random …

Pattern Recognition Integrated Sensing Methodologies (Prisms) In Pharmaceutical Process Validation, Remote Sensing And Astrobiology, Thaddaeus S. Hannel

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Modern analytical instrumentation is capable of creating enormous and complex volumes of data. Analysis of large data volumes are complicated by lengthy analysis time and high computational demand. Incorporating real-time analysis methods that are computationally efficient are desirable for modern analytical methods to be fully utilized. The use of modern instrumentation in on-line pharmaceutical process validation, remote sensing, and astrobiology applications requires real-time analysis methods that are computationally efficient.

Integrated sensing and processing (ISP) is a method for minimizing the data burden and sensing time of a system. ISP is accomplished through implementation of chemometric calculations in the physics of …

Eigenvalue Inequalities For A Family Of Spherically Symmetric Riemannian Manifolds, Julie Miker

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This thesis considers two isoperimetric inequalities for the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a family of spherically symmetric Riemannian manifolds. The Payne-Pólya-Weinberger Conjecture (PPW) states that for a bounded domain Ω in Euclidean space Rⁿ, the ratio λ1(Ω)/λ0(Ω) of the first two eigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian is bounded by the corresponding eigenvalue ratio for the Dirichlet Laplacian on the ball B_Ωof equal volume. The Szegö-Weinberger inequality states that for a bounded domain Ω in Euclidean space Rⁿ, the first nonzero eigenvalue of the Neumann Laplacian μ1(Ω) is maximized on the ball B_{Ω …}

Retention Of Salmon-Derived N And P By Bryophytes And Microbiota In Mesocosm Streams, Michael G. (Michael George) Peterson, Robin A. Matthews

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Annual migrations of anadromous salmon are an important source of nutrients for many coastal streams. Much of the current research on salmon-derived nutrients has focused on nutrient retention via carcass consumption by mammals, birds, and macroinvertebrates, whereas retention and transfer of nutrients by microbiota has received less attention. Our research objective was to investigate nutrient movement from decomposing salmon tissue into periphyton, bryophytes, leaf-pack microbiota, and amphipods in laboratory mesocosm streams. We measured δ¹⁵N of microbiota growing on unglazed tiles (periphyton), microbiota growing on leaf packs, bryophytes on partially submerged stones, and amphipods; C:N and C:P ratios of …

Automated Transforms Of Software Models: A Design Pattern Approach, Brandon Adam Gump

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In the realm of software development, projects are plagued by continuous maintenance at the source code level as well as tedious transformations from formal specifications to source code. Such work consumes a large amount of time only to create complicated, un-intelligible, and un-reusable code that is completely detached from initial design rational. To cope with these problems, The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Wide Spectrum Object Modeling Environment (AWSOME) was designed to generate specifications that can be transformed into abstract designs and finally into source code. The specifications are written in the AFIT Wide-spectrum Language (AWL) and parsed in …

Hydroxyl Radical Is Produced Via The Fenton Reaction In Submitochondrial Particles Under Oxidative Stress: Implications For Diseases Associated With Iron Accumulation, Carin Thomas, Melissa M. Mackey, Amy A. Diaz, David P. Cox

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often implicated in diseases involving oxidative stress and elevated iron. As mitochondria produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, ROS by-products are generated from the electron transport chain. Although superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been thoroughly investigated, little evidence documents hydroxyl radical (HO•) production in mitochondria. In order to determine whether HO• is generated under oxidative stress conditions by a Fenton-type mechanism, bovine heart submitochondrial particles were examined for HO• in the presence and absence of iron ligands, antioxidant enzymes and HO• scavengers. HO• was measured as 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), using HPLC …

Atmospheric Soluble Dust Records From A Tibetan Ice Core: Possible Climate Proxies And Teleconnection With The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, B. Grigholm, P. A. Mayewski, S. Kang, Y. Zhang, Susan Kaspari, S. B. Sneed, Q. Zhang

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

In autumn 2005, a joint expedition between the University of Maine and the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research recovered three ice cores from Guoqu Glacier (33°34′37.8″N, 91°10′35.3″E, 5720 m above sea level) on the northern side of Mt. Geladaindong, central Tibetan Plateau. Isotopes (δ¹⁸O), major soluble ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻), and radionuclide (β‐activity) measurements from one of the cores revealed a 70‐year record (1935–2005). Statistical analysis of major ion time series suggests that atmospheric soluble …

Tr-2009002: Cartesian Closed Categories For The Logic Of Proofs, Florian Lengyel

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009004: An Investigation Report On Auction Mechanism Design, Jinzhong Niu, Simon Parsons

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009005: Visual Analytics: A Multi-Faceted Overview, Ilknur Icke, Elizabeth Sklar

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009007: History Tree Descriptors Of Grayscale Images, Gabor T. Herman, T. Yung Kong, Lucas M. Oliveira

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009006: Intelligent Players, Sergei Artemov

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009013: Generalized Gillespie Stochastic Simulation Algorithm And Chemical Master Equation Using Timing Machinery, Ellis D. Cooper, Florian Lengyel

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009012: Rational Decisions In Non-Probabilistic Settings, Sergei Artemov

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009014: Randomized Preprocessing Of Homogeneous Linear Systems, Victor Y. Pan, Guoliang Qian

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Tr-2009016: On The Effectiveness Of Projection Methods For Convex Feasibility Problems With Linear Inequality Constraints, Yair Censor, Wei Chen, Patrick L. Combettes, Ran Davidi, Gabor T. Herman

Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Andy Nuñez: His Life, Career, & Contributions, Bridgette Burbank, Jerold Widdison

Water Matters!

For years and years, reaching back well before his time in the Legislature, Rep. Nuñez has been a strong advocate not only for the state’s people but for its land and water resources.

Creation Care And The Christian, Jo Ann Davidson

Perspective Digest

No abstract provided.

Novel Spherical Boron Clusters And Structural Transition From 2d Quasi-Planar Structures To 3d Double-Rings, Saikat Mukhopadhyay, Haying He, Ravindra Pandey, Yoke Khin Yap, Ihsan Boustani

Department of Physics Publications

Based on ab initio quantum-chemical and density functional methods we determined the geometry, electronic and structural properties of three cluster-families: boron spheres, double-rings and quasi-planars up to a cluster size of 122 atoms. The most stable structure is the B₁₀₀ sphere showing similar shape but more stability than the B₈₀ cage recently proposed by Yakobson et al [PRL 98, 166804 (2007)]. In addition we compared the stability of the three cluster families to each other, and reported the structural transition from 2D quasiplanar clusters to 3D double-rings. This transition occurs between the B₁₆ and B₁₉ clusters.

Molecular Interaction Between Perthiolated [Beta]-Cyclodextrin (Cd) And The Guests Molecules Adamantaneacetic Acid (Ad) And Ferroceneacetic Acid (Fc); And The Effect Of The Interaction On The Electron Transition Of Cd Anchored Particles, Ming Ning

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

The molecular interactions between the host molecule, perthiolated beta-cyclodextrin (CD), and the guest molecules, adamantaneacetic acid (AD) and ferroceneacetic acid (FC), have been inestigated theoretically in both the gas and aqueous phases. The major computations have been carried out at the theoretical levels, RHF/6-31G and B3LYP/6- 31G. MP2 electronic energies were also computed based at the geometries optimized by both the RHF and B3LYP methods in the gas phase to establish a better estimate of the correlation effect.

The solvent phase computations were completed at the RHF/6-31G and B3LYP/6-31G levels using the PCM model. The most stable structures optimized in …

Proteins In Silico-Modeling And Sampling, Parimal Kar

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Proteins are linear chain molecules made out of amino acids. Only when they fold to their native states, they become functional. This dissertation aims to model the solvent (environment) effect and to develop & implement enhanced sampling methods that enable a reliable study of the protein folding problem in silico.

We have developed an enhanced solvation model based on the solution to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in order to describe the solvent effect. Following the quantum mechanical Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM), we decomposed net solvation free energy into three physical terms– Polarization, Dispersion and Cavitation. All the terms were implemented, analyzed …

Controlling Electronic And Magnetic Properties Of Ultra Narrow Multilayered Nanowires, Puspamitra Panigrahi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Interest in the study of magnetic/non-magnetic multilayered structures took a giant leap since Grünberg and his group established that the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) is a function of the non-magnetic spacer width. This interest was further fuelled by the discovery of the phenomenal Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) effect. In fact, in 2007 Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their contribution to the discovery of GMR. GMR is the key property that is being used in the read-head of the present day computer hard drive as it requires a high sensitivity in the detection of …

Design, Optimization And Calibration Of An Automated Density Gauge For Firn And Ice Cores, Daniel J. Breton, Gordon S. Hamilton, C. T. Hess

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

A gamma-ray density gauge can provide high-resolution and high-precision density measurements of firn and ice cores. This study describes the design, gamma-ray energy optimization and mass attenuation coefficient calibration of the Maine Automated Density Gauge Experiment (MADGE), a portable, field-operable gamma-ray density gauge used on overland traverses in East Antarctica. The MADGE instrument uses a (241)Am gamma-ray source, a pulse-mode counting system and electronic core diameter calipers to collect high-precision (+/- 0.004 g cm(-3)) density data from 3-8 cm diameter firn and ice cores. The data are collected at a 3.3 mm spatial resolution and an average throughput of 1.5 …

Chemical Composition Of Fresh Snow From Glaciar Marinelli, Tierra Del Fuego, Chile, B. Grigholm, Paul Andrew Mayewski, Andrei V. Kurbatov, Gino Casassa, A. Contreras Staeding, M. Handley, Sharon B. Sneed, D. S. Introne

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

A fresh-snow sampling campaign was conducted during the late austral summer of 2006 in the accumulation zone of Glaciar Marinelli, located in the Cordillera Darwin, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Snow samples were analyzed for stable isotopes (delta(18)O, major soluble ions (Na', K', Ca, Mg, a NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), MS(-)) and major and trace elements (Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Ca, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Dy, Ho, Er, Bi, U, As, Ti, V, Cr, Mn). The dominance of marine chemistry resembles that in studies from Patagonian glaciers. Snow chemistry was dominantly loaded by marine species (Cl(-), Na(+) and ssSO(4)(2-)), while …

Gpr Reflection Profiles Of Clark And Commonwealth Glaciers, Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Steven A. Arcone, Karl J. Kreutz

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Englacial horizons deeper than 100 m are absent within 100 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surface profiles we recorded on Clark and Commonwealth Glaciers in the Antarctic Dry Valleys region. Both glaciers show continuous bottom horizons to 280 m, with bottom signal-to-noise ratios near 30 dB. Density horizons should fade below 50 m depth because impermeable ice occurred by 36 m. Folding within Commonwealth Glacier could preclude radar strata beneath about 80 m depth, but there is no significant folding within Clark Glacier. Strong sulfate concentrations and contrasts exist in our shallow ice core. However, it appears that high background concentration …

Stable-Isotope And Trace Element Time Series From Fedchenko Glacier (Pamirs) Snow/Firn Cores, Vladimir B. Aizen, Paul Andrew Mayewski, Elena M. Aizen, Daniel R. Joswiak, Arzhan B. Surazakov, Susan Kaspari, Bijorn Grigholm, Michael Krachler, Michael Handley, Alexander Finaev

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

In summer 2005, two pilot snow/firn cores were obtained at 5365 and 5206 m a.s.l. on Fedchenko glacier, Pamirs, Tajikistan, the world's longest and deepest alpine glacier. The well-defined seasonal layering appearing in stable-isotope and trace element distribution identified the physical links controlling the climate and aerosol concentration signals. Air temperature and humidity/precipitation were the primary determinants of stable-isotope ratios. Most precipitation over the Pamirs originated in the Atlantic. In summer, water vapor was re-evaporated from semi-arid regions in central Eurasia. The semi-arid regions contribute to non-soluble aerosol loading in snow accumulated on Fedchenko glacier. In the Pamir core, concentrations …

Thermal Convection And The Origin Of Ice Streams, Terence J. Hughes

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Ice streams are a fact of ice-sheet dynamics, draining up to 90% of the ice. Thermal convection in ice below the density inversion is a speculation. An attempt is made to meld the two in such a way that the speculation becomes an explanation for the fact.

Correction To Variations Of Ice Bed Coupling Beneath And Beyond Ice Streams: The Force Balance, Terence J. Hughes

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

A geometrical force balance that links stresses to ice bed coupling along a flow band of an ice sheet was developed in 1988 for longitudinal tension in ice streams and published 4 years later. It remains a work in progress. Now gravitational forces balanced by forces producing tensile, compressive, basal shear, and side shear stresses are all linked to ice bed coupling by the floating fraction phi of ice that produces the concave surface of ice streams. These lead inexorably to a simple formula showing how phi varies along these flow bands where surface and bed topography are known: phi …

Records Of Volcanic Events Since Ad 1800 In The East Rongbuk Ice Core From Mt. Qomolangma, Jian Zhong Xu, S. Kaspari, Shu Gui Hou, Shi Chang Kang, Da He Qin, Jia Wen Ren, Paul Andrew Mayewski

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Continuous Bi profile of the East Rongbuk (ER) ice core near Mt. Qomolangma reveals nine major volcanic events since AD 1800. Compared with Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), it shows that the concentrations of Bi in the ER ice core can reflect the major volcanic events within the key areas. This provides a good horizon layer for ice core dating, as well as a basis for reconstructing a long sequence of volcanic records from the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau ice cores.

State Of The Antarctic And Southern Ocean Climate System, Paul Andrew Mayewski, M. P. Meredith, C. P. Summerhayes, J. Turner, A. Worby, P. J. Barrett, G. Casassa, Nancy Bertler, T. Bracegirdle, A. C. Naveira Garabato, D. Bromwich, H. Campbell, Gordon S. Hamilton, W. B. Lyons, Kirk A. Maasch, S. Aoki, C. Xiao, Tas Van Ommen

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

This paper reviews developments in our understanding of the state of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean climate and its relation to the global climate system over the last few millennia. Climate over this and earlier periods has not been stable, as evidenced by the occurrence of abrupt changes in atmospheric circulation and temperature recorded in Antarctic ice core proxies for past climate. Two of the most prominent abrupt climate change events are characterized by intensification of the circumpolar westerlies (also known as the Southern Annular Mode) between ∼6000 and 5000 years ago and since 1200–1000 years ago. Following the last …