Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Optimal Control For Nonlinear Dynamical System Of Microbial Fed-Batch Culture, Chongyang Liu

Chongyang Liu

In fed-batch culture of glycerol bio-dissimilation to 1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-PD), the aim of adding glycerol is to obtain as much 1, 3-PD as possible. So a proper feeding rate is required during the process. Taking the concentration of 1, 3-PD at the terminal time as the performance index and the feeding rate of glycerol as the control function, we propose an optimal control model subject to a nonlinear dynamical system and constraints of continuous state and non-stationary control. A computational approach is constructed to seek the solution of the above model in two aspects. On the one hand we …

Potential Of Spent Mushroom Substrate In Vermicomposting, Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin, Noor Zalina Mahmood

Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin

The potential of spent mushroom substrate from saw dust in vermicomposting were found out through the growth and reproduction of earthworms including the nutrient elements of vermicompost produced at the end of vermicomposting. Five treatments in different ratio of cow dung : spent mushroom substrate were prepared as feed materials with four replicates for each treatment namely; 80:20 (T1), 60:40 (T2), 50:50 (T3), 40:60 (T4) and 20:80 (T5). After 3 weeks of pre-composting followed by 7 weeks of vermicomposting, T4 showed the highest percentage of growth and reproduction where mean of earthworms’ numbers increases (M = 295.00, SD = 17.32, …

A Neural Network: Family Competition Genetic Algorithm And Its Application In Electromagnetic Optimization, Chien Hsun Chen, P. Y. Chen, H. Weng

Chien Hsun Chen

This study proposes a neural network-family competition genetic algorithm (NN-FCGA) for solving the electromagnetic (EM) optimization and other general-purpose optimization problems. The NN-FCGA is a hybrid evolutionary-based algorithm, combining the good approximation performance of neural network (NN) and the robust and effective optimum search ability of the family competition genetic algorithms (FCGA) to accelerate the optimization process. In this study, the NN-FCGA is used to extract a set of optimal design parameters for two representative design examples: the multiple section low-pass filter and the polygonal electromagnetic absorber. Our results demonstrate that the optimal electromagnetic properties given by the NN-FCGA are …

Toward The Human-Robot Co-Existence Society: On Safety Intelligence For Next Generation Robots, Chien Hsun Chen, Y. H. Weng, C. T. Sun

Chien Hsun Chen

Technocrats from many developed countries, especially Japan and South Korea, are preparing for the human-robot co-existence society that they believe will emerge by 2030. Regulators are assuming that within the next two decades, robots will be capable of adapting to complex, unstructured environments and interacting with humans to assist with the performance of daily life tasks. Unlike heavily regulated industrial robots that toil in isolated settings, Next Generation Robots will have relative autonomy, which raises a number of safety issues that are the focus of this article. Our purpose is to describe a framework for a legal system focused on …

Temperature Influence On The Malonic Acid Decomposition In The Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction, Zeljko D. Cupic

Zeljko D Cupic

No abstract provided.

Toluene Degradation In Water Using Alfe-Pillared Clay Catalysts, Zeljko D. Cupic

Zeljko D Cupic

No abstract provided.

Activity Of Polymer Supported Cobalt Catalyst In The Bray-Liebhafsky Oscillator, Zeljko D. Cupic

Zeljko D Cupic

No abstract provided.

Large Deviation Spectra Of Chaotic Time Series From Bray–Liebhafsky Reaction, Zeljko D. Cupic

Zeljko D Cupic

No abstract provided.

Predictive Modeling Of The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (Hpa) Function. Dynamic Systems Theory Approach By Stoichiometric Network Analysis And Quenching Small Amplitude Oscillations, Zeljko D. Cupic

Zeljko D Cupic

No abstract provided.

Optimization Of Pyrolysis Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, Nor Kartini Binti Abu Bakar

Nor Kartini Binti Abu Bakar

In this study, pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) was investigated using a quartz fluidizedfixed bed reactor. The effects of various pyrolysis temperatures, particle sizes and heating rates on the yields of the products were investigated. The temperature of pyrolysis and heating rate were varied in the range of 300°C-700°C and 10°C-100°C min1, respectively. The particle size was varied in the range of<90, 91-106, 107-125 and 126-250 μm. The products obtained from pyrolysis of EFB were bio-oil, char and gas. Under the experimental conditions, the maximum bio-oil yield was 42% obtained at 500°C, with a heating rate of 100°C min 1 and a particle size of 91-1 06 μm. The maximum yield of char was 42%, obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 300°C, heating rate of 30°C min1 and particle size of 91-106 μm. Meanwhile, the optimum yield of gas was 46%, which could be achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C, heating rate of3O°C min1 and particle size of 107-125 μm.

A Simple Chemical Free Arsenic Removal Method For Community Water Supply – A Case Study From West Bengal, India, Bhaskar Sen Gupta Dr, U Rott Dr, Amitava Bandopadhyay Dr, W Degroot Dr, N K. Nag Dr, Angel Carbonell-Barrachina Dr, Soumyadeep Mukhopadhyay Dr

Soumyadeep Mukhopadhyay Dr

This report describes a simple chemical free method that was successfully used by a team of European and Indian scientists (www.qub.ac.uk/tipot) to remove arsenic (As) from groundwater in a village in West Bengal, India. Six such plants are now in operation and are being used to supply water to the local population (www.insituarsenic.org). The study was conducted in Kasimpore, a village in North 24 Parganas District, approximately 25 km from Kolkata. In all cases, total As in treated water was less than the WHO guideline value of 10 mg/L. The plant produces no sludge and the operation cost is 1.0 …

Influence Of Aperture Field Heterogeneity And Anisotropy On Dispersion Regimes And Dispersivity In Single Fractures, Qinghuai Zheng, Sarah E. Dickson, Yiping Guo

Sarah E Dickson

A 33 factorial experimental design was implemented to numerically investigate the interactive effect of the mean (μ b ), standard deviation (σ b ), and anisotropic ratio (AR) (λ b x /λ b y ) of single-fracture apertures on dispersion regimes (specifically Taylor dispersion and geometric dispersion) and dispersivity. The Reynolds equation was solved to obtain the flow fields in each computer-generated fracture, and the random walk particle tracking method was used to simulate solute transport. The simulation results show that (1) for a fixed hydraulic gradient, the dominant dispersion regime is controlled by μ b , and to a …

Differential Transport And Dispersion Of Colloids Relative To Solutes In Single Fractures, Qinghuai Zheng, Sarah E. Dickson, Yiping Guo

Sarah E Dickson

This work employed numerical experiments simulating colloid and solute transport in single parallelplate fractures, using the random walk particle tracking method, to demonstrate that (1) there exists an aspect ratio of the colloid radius to half the fracture aperture, do, where the average velocities of colloids and solutes are similar. When d > do, the velocity distribution assumption is satisfied, and the fact that the ratio of the colloid transport velocity to the solute transport velocity, sp, decreases as d increases is well documented in the literature. However, when d < do, the velocity distribution assumption is violated, and sp increases as d increases and (2) the Taylor dispersion coefficient and its extension by James and Chrysikopoulos [S.C. James, C. V. Chrysikopoulos, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 263 (2003) 288] will overestimate the colloid dispersion coefficient significantly. Additionally, numerical experiments simulating colloid and solute transport in variable-aperture fractures demonstrated that sp and DL,coll /DL,solute decrease with increasing CoV, and the anisotropy ratio only plays a minor role compared to the CoV. These observations have important implications towards the interpretation of colloid transport in both porous and fractured media.

Optimal Experimental Design With The Sigma Point Method, René Schenkendorf, Andreas Kremling, Michael Mangold

René Schenkendorf

Using mathematical models for a quantitative description of dynamical systems requires the identification of uncertain parameters by minimising the difference between simulation and measurement. Owing to the measurement noise also, the estimated parameters possess an uncertainty expressed by their variances. To obtain highly predictive models, very precise parameters are needed. The optimal experimental design (OED) as a numerical optimisation method is used to reduce the parameter uncertainty by minimising the parameter variances iteratively. A frequently applied method to define a cost function for OED is based on the inverse of the Fisher information matrix. The application of this traditional method …

Deriving Causal Explanation From Qualitative Model Reasoning, Rukaini Abdullah

Rukaini Abdullah

This paper discusses a qualitative simulator QRiOM that uses Qualitative Reasoning (QR) technique, and a process-based ontology to model, simulate and explain the behaviour of selected organic reactions. Learning organic reactions requires the application of domain knowledge at intuitive level, which is difficult to be programmed using traditional approach. The main objective of QRiOM is to help learners gain a better understanding of the fundamental organic reaction concepts, and to improve their conceptual comprehension on the subject by analyzing the multiple forms of explanation generated by the software. This paper focuses on the generation of explanation based on causal theories …

(4-Hydroxy-2-Oxidobenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazonato-Kappa O-3(2),N-1,S)(1, 10-Phenanthroline-Kappa N-2,N ')Zinc(Ii) Dimethyl Sulfoxide Disolvate Monohydrate, Tan Kong Wai, Ng C. H., Ng S. W., Maah M. J.

Tan Kong Wai

The Zn-II atom in the title compound, [Zn(C8H7N3O2S)-(C12H8N2)]center dot 2C(2)H(6)OS center dot H2O, is N,N '-chelated by the N-heterocycle and N, O, S-chelated by the deprotonated Schiff base in a distorted square-pyramidal enviroment. Hydrogen bonds link the mononuclear molecule, the water and the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) molecules into a linear chain motif. One DMSO molecule is disordered over two positions in respect of the S atom in an approximate 1:1 ratio.

Social Costs From The Use Of Cars In Cypriot Cities, Theodoros Zachariadis

Theodoros Zachariadis

No abstract provided.

Surface Investigation Of Chitosan Film With Fatty Acid Monolayers, M Misran

Misni Misran

The surface pressure-molecular area (pi-A) isotherm curves of two fatty acids of different chain lengths, i.e. stearic (C(18)) and arachidic (C(20)) acids, were obtained by using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Results showed clear isotherm plots with limiting mean molecular area around 21 angstrom(2) for both acids. However, the monolayer was found to collapse at higher than 33 mN m(-1) and 21 mN m(-1) for stearic acid and arachidic acid respectively. The effect of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of the acids was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chitosan film, before and after dipping in water, was also studied by means of AFM so …

Five-Dimensional 2-Branes And The Universal Hypermultiplet, Moataz Emam

Moataz Emam

No abstract provided.

Symplectic Covariance Of The N = 2 Hypermultiplets, Moataz Emam

Moataz Emam

No abstract provided.

Assisting Novice Researchers In Utilizing The Web As A Platform For Research: Semantic Approach, Maizatul Akmar Ismail

Maizatul Akmar Ismail

The access to internet has tremendously changed the way of information dissemination. The emergence of digital libraries and institutional repositories provides endless supplies of knowledge. Scholars in particular, make use of research output in the form of conference proceedings, journal and theses as references and guideline in generating new knowledge for the use of future generations. Novice researchers are the form of scholars which always drown in the ocean of information. This scholarly content resides on several heterogeneous databases that need to be integrated. Support in the early stage of study is crucial for novice researchers as it will give …

Review Essay: Disagreeing About The Climate, Donald Nordberg

Donald Nordberg

This paper is an early draft of a review essay that subsequently appeared in the journal Business and Society in 2010. The science concerning climate change is clear, both sides of the argument agree. What they don't agree about is what that clarity means. Each side considers the matter settled, and their points of view unsettle each attempt to make public policy. Mike Hulme, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia, thinks the reasons for the persistent differences lies in the complex ways we see and use climate change as a totem …

A Program Evaluation Of A Polypharmacy Sub-Population: Medications, Emergency Room Visits, And Hospitalizations, Brian W. Bresnahan, Kent M. Koprowicz, Sanchita Roy Choudhury, Ed Wong

Kent M Koprowicz

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Land Use/Cover Change On The Surface Temperature Of Lokoja Town, Nigeria, Fanan Ujoh Mr, Olarewaju O. Ifatimehin Mr, John Y. Magaji Dr

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

This research integrated remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identified land use/cover types in Lokoja, including their temporal transformation and association with surface temperatures from the LandSat TM and LandSat ETM imageries of 1987 and 2001 respectively. As the built-up area increased in size (2667.6%) so was the surface temperature (6.48oC), vacant land (872%: 9.65oC), cultivated land (104.4%: 1.2oC) and water bodies (64.3%:0.94oC) while vegetation cover increased by 2.44oC while its area extent decreased (316.7%). These changes were responsible for the rise in the mean surface temperature from 38.39oC in 1987 to 42.61oC in 2001, indicating a 4.22oC …

Chemistry And Metallurgy In The Great Empires, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

It is remarkable that certain countries expand to become great empires then as time goes by they gradually decline while others rise. This book attempts to briefly trace the history of chemistry and metallurgy through the different empires that became at one time great and then faded away. In 272 pages 21.5 x 28 cm, the author outlines the inter-relation of chemistry, metallurgy, mining, and medicine, the idea of the divinity of kings and the formation of nations, and finally the rise and fall of the empires. He then covers the ancient and medieval empires, followed by the empires from …

Science, Technology, And Society, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

Science, technology, and society is a vast and complex question. It is discussed here from five points: social responsibility of scientists, migration and movement of scholars, philanthropy and its role in education and culture, enlightened despots and their influence on science and culture, and finally the social aspects of mining. The book is meant for the general reader but can benefit scientists as well. It is fully illustrated with colored pictures. It is hoped that it will serve as an introduction to this field to the young generation and inspire them to serve society.

Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model With Application To Joint Analysis Of Chip-Chip And Chip-Seq Data, Hyungwon Choi, Debashis Ghosh, Zhaohui S. Qin

Debashis Ghosh

Motivation: Identication of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) is a fundamental problem in understanding the mechanism of gene regulation. The ChIP-chip technology has accelerated this eort by providing a simultaneous genome-wide map of TFBS in a high-throughput fashion. Recently, a sequencing-based ChIP-seq has appeared as a promising alternative that can identify targets with an improved sensitivity/specicity in high resolution. However, studies have suggested that distinct experimental platforms can be complementary in TFBS identication. The availability of data obtained from multiple platforms motivates a meta-analysis for improved identication of candidate motifs.

Results: In this work, we propose a hierarchical hidden Markov …

A Double-Layered Mixture Model For The Joint Analysis Of Dna Copy Number And Gene Expression Data, Debashis Ghosh

Debashis Ghosh

Copy number aberration is a common form of genomic instability in cancer. Gene expression is closely tied to cytogenetic events by the central dogma of molecular biology, and serves as a mediator of copy number changes in disease phenotypes. Accordingly, it is of interest to develop proper statistical methods for jointly analyzing copy number and gene expression data. This work describes a novel Bayesian inferential approach for a double-layered mixture model (DLMM) which directly models the stochastic nature of copy number data and identifies abnormally expressed genes due to aberrant copy number. Simulation studies were conducted to illustrate the robustness …

Discrete Nonparametric Algorithms For Outlier Detection With Genomic Data, Debashis Ghosh

Debashis Ghosh

In high-throughput studies involving genetic data such as from gene expression microarrays, differential expression analysis between two or more experimental conditions has been a very common analytical task. Much of the resulting literature on multiple comparisons has paid relatively little attention to the choice of test statistic. In this article, we focus on the issue of choice of test statistic based on a special pattern of differential expression. The approach here is based on recasting multiple comparisons procedures for assessing outlying expression values. A major complication is that the resulting p-values are discrete; some theoretical properties of sequential testing procedures …

A Double-Layered Mixture Model For The Joint Analysis Of Dna Copy Number And Gene Expression Data, Debashis Ghosh

Debashis Ghosh

Copy number aberration is a common form of genomic instability in cancer. Gene expression is closely tied to cytogenetic events by the central dogma of molecular biology, and serves as a mediator of copy number changes in disease phenotypes. Accordingly, it is of interest to develop proper statistical methods for jointly analyzing copy number and gene expression data. This work describes a novel Bayesian inferential approach for a double-layered mixture model (DLMM) which directly models the stochastic nature of copy number data and identifies abnormally expressed genes due to aberrant copy number. Simulation studies were conducted to illustrate the robustness …