Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Cryptography Using Steganography: New Algorithms And Applications, Jonathan Blackledge

Articles

Developing methods for ensuring the secure exchange of information is one of the oldest occupations in history. With the revolution in Information Technology, the need for securing information and the variety of methods that have been developed to do it has expanded rapidly. Much of the technology that forms the basis for many of the techniques used today was originally conceived for use in military communications and has since found a place in a wide range of industrial and commercial sectors. This has led to the development of certain industry standards that are compounded in specific data processing algorithms together …

Why Is An Einstein Ring Blue?, Jonathan Blackledge

Articles

Albert Einstein predicted the existence of `Einstein rings' as a consequence of his general theory of relativity. The phenomenon is a direct result of the idea that if a mass warps space-time then light (and other electromagnetic waves) will be `lensed' by the strong gravitational field produced by a large cosmological body such as a galaxy. Since 1998, when the first complete Einstein ring was observed, many more complete or partially complete Einstein rings have been observed in the radio and infrared spectra, for example, and by the Hubble Space Telescope in the optical spectrum. However, in the latter case, …

The Gümüldür Fire Opal: Mode Of Occurrence And Mineralogical Aspects, Zeki̇ye Karacik, Şengül Can Genç, Recep Fahri̇ Esenli̇, Gülteki̇n Göller

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Five types of silica polymorphs have been identified in dacitic volcanics from the Gümüldür region of western Anatolia, Turkey. Two of them are micro-quartz and disordered cristobalite (opal-C) that occur within the groundmass of the dacitic volcanic rocks. The others are pore-filling opal nodules including mainly massy opal-CT (opal-CTM) and rarely lussatite (opal-CTL) and amorphous opal (opal-A). Red and orange opal nodules are very similar to the gemologically well-known fire opals. Results of structural, chemical and thermal studies of the Gümüldür opals reveal their origin and mode of occurrence. Opal-CTM has gel-like or nano-grain texture and opal-CTL has a fibrous, …

Geochemical And Sr-Nd Isotopic Characteristics Of Post-Collisional Calc-Alkaline Volcanics In The Eastern Pontides (Ne Turkey), Abdullah Kaygusuz, Mehmet Arslan, Wolfgang Siebel, Cüneyt Şen

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Major, trace element, K-Ar age and Sr-Nd isotopic data are presented for the Eocene Torul volcanics in the eastern Pontide orogenic belt (NE Turkey). The studied rocks are composed of basaltic andesitic, andesitic, trachyandesitic, and minor trachydacitic lavas associated with their pyroclastics. These rocks contain plagioclase (An2-44), hornblende (Mg#= 0.78-0.98), clinopyroxene (Wo43-46 En41-43 Fs10-15), biotite, quartz, and minor sanidine phenocrysts. K-Ar ages on hornblendes ages range from 43.99 (±2.59) to 33.45 (±2.32) Ma, within the Middle to Late Eocene. The volcanic rocks show calc-alkaline affinities and have medium to high K contents. They are enriched in large ion lithophile (LILE) …

First Report Of A Trilobite In The Carboniferous Of Eastern Pontides, Ne Turkey, Rai̇f Kandemi̇r, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The pre-Mesozoic basement of the Eastern Pontides consists of a Permo-Carboniferous sedimentary sequence including the Çatalçeşme and Hardişi formations. The Çatalçeşme Formation has yielded rich assemblages of fusulinids, corals, gastropods, brachiopods, bryozoans, algae, conodonts and plants. Hitherto trilobites were unknown from this formation; here we report the discovery of a pygidium from a dark grey limestone bed near the top. Trilobites are a minor component of benthic marine communities during the Late Pennsylvanian, and to our knowledge, the discovery of this pygidium constitutes the first report of their occurrence in deposits of this age in Turkey. The morphological characteristics of …

Late-Medieval Plagioclase-Titanaugite-Bearing Iron Slags Of The Yapraklı Area (Çankırı), Turkey, W. E. Sharp, Steven K. Mittwede

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

A mineralogical, mineral-geochemical and ^1^4C geochronological study of slags, previously identified as copper slags, in the Yapraklı area (Çankırı Province) of central Anatolia, has demonstrated that these are late-medieval iron slags consisting mainly of fayalite, glass, plagioclase, titanaugite, ulvöspinel and metallic iron. Because of the high lime content, relative to other medieval and Roman slags, these slags are quite anomalous in their lack of both modal and normative wüstite. Further study of these sites could shed light on the mining history and smelting methods of central Anatolia during a relatively obscure period of major socio-ethnic transition.

Western Termination Of The Mw 7.4, 1999 İzmit Earthquake Rupture: Implications For The Expected Large Earthquake In The Sea Of Marmara, Gülsen Uçarkuş, Zi̇yadi̇n Çakir, Rolando Armijo

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Mw 7.4, August 17, 1999 İzmit earthquake ruptured a ~100-km-long onshore section of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) in the eastern Marmara region, causing the loss of more than 20,000 people and extensive destruction. The western termination and total length of the earthquake rupture is still a matter of debate because the surface rupture goes offshore in the Gulf of İzmit after displaying a coseismic displacement of ~5 m. Such a considerable slip implies that the fault rupture must definitely continue some distance westward on the sea floor, but where exactly it terminated is difficult to determine. This issue …

Palaeoearthquakes On The Kelkit Valley Segment Of The North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: Implications For The Surface Rupture Of The Historical 17 August 1668 Anatolian Earthquake, Cengi̇z Zabci, Hüsnü Serdar Akyüz, Volkan Karabacak, Taylan Sançar, Erhan Altunel, Hali̇l Gürsoy, Orhan Tatar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The 26 December 1939 Erzincan (Ms= 7.8) and 20 December 1942 Erbaa-Niksar (Ms= 7.1) earthquakes created a total surface rupture more than 400 km between Erzincan and Erbaa on the middle to eastern sections of the North Anatolian Fault. These two faulting events are separated by a 10-km-wide releasing stepover, which acted like a seismic barrier in the 20th century. To understand the rupture behaviour in this structurally complex section of the North Anatolian Fault, we undertook palaeoseismological trench investigations on the Kelkit Valley segment where there is little or no palaeoseismic information. We found evidence for three surface faulting …

Geological, Geomorphological And Archaeoseismological Observations Along The Cibyra Fault And Their Implications For The Regional Tectonics Of Sw Turkey, Volkan Karabacak

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In this paper, the Cibyra segment of the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone (FBFZ) is investigated using direct field evidence, which helps clarify the controversial behaviour of this zone. The remains of the ancient city of Cibyra which is located on the Cibyra Fault provide invaluable data in documenting traces of fault deformations and related palaeoearthquakes. Slickensides on fault planes, deflected stream beds and terraces, fault-parallel elongated ridges along the Cibyra Fault are the clearest surface evidence for left-lateral faulting. Archaeoseismological evidence in the ancient city is consistent with the geological and geomorphological observations along the fault. Based on detailed field observations, …

Geological And Palaeoseismological Evidence For Late Pleistocene−Holocene Activity On The Manisa Fault Zone, Western Anatolia, Çağlar Özkaymak, Hasan Sözbi̇li̇r, Bora Uzel, Hüsnü Serdar Akyüz

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In West Anatolia near the cities of İzmir and Manisa, the historical occurrence of large earthquakes suggests the presence of important seismogenic faults. However, these faults have yet to be investigated in detail. The Manisa Fault Zone (MFZ) is an active large-scale normal fault system in this area, and thus field observations and palaeoseismological studies of this zone are important for predicting future earthquakes. Hence we sought to document geological and palaeoseismological evidence for Holocene activity on the MFZ. We performed trenching to determine the magnitude and timing of past surface-faulting events using detailed fault-trace mapping, measurements of Upper Pleistocene-Lower …

Geology Of The Caucasus: A Review, Shota Adamia, Guram Zakariadze, Tamar Chkhotua, Nino Sadradze, Nino Tsereteli, Aleksandre Chabukiani, Aleksandre Gventsadze

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The structure and geological history of the Caucasus are largely determined by its position between the still-converging Eurasian and Africa-Arabian lithospheric plates, within a wide zone of continental collision. During the Late Proterozoic-Early Cenozoic, the region belonged to the Tethys Ocean and its Eurasian and Africa-Arabian margins where there existed a system of island arcs, intra-arc rifts, back-arc basins characteristic of the pre-collisional stage of its evolution of the region. The region, along with other fragments that are now exposed in the Upper Precambrian-Cambrian crystalline basement of the Alpine orogenic belt, was separated from western Gondwana during the Early Palaeozoic …

Great Caucasus (Cavcasioni): A Long-Lived North-Tethyan Back-Arc Basin, Shota Adamia, Victor Alania, Aleksandre Chabukiani, Zurab Kutelia, Nino Sadradze

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Great Caucasus is a northwest-southeast-directed mountain range more than 1100 km long, located between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. It represents an intracontinental tectonic system resulting from the Late Cenozoic structural inversion of a Palaeozoic-Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic back-arc basin (Dizi basin) in response to the convergence of the Africa-Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. It is bounded to the south by the Transcaucasian massif, a palaeo-island-arc, and to the north by the Scythian platform. The Great Caucasus fold-and-thrust mountain belt is characterized by complete, intensive folding, mainly south vergent imbricated thrusting, close-joint cleavage etc. Structural relationships of the Great Caucasian …

Pre-Jurassic Basement Of The Greater Caucasus: Brief Overview, Mark L. Somin

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The main units of the Greater Caucasus pre-Jurassic basement are represented by Svanetian and North-Caucasian domains brought together tectonically. The former includes continuous Devonian to Upper Triassic marine sequence devoid of any manifestation of Variscan orogenic activity. In contrast, within the limits of the North-Caucasian domain the Variscan events are expressed in classical form. This domain is very heterogeneous and contains both metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed formations. Till recently the former was considered by most authors to be mainly Proterozoic. New geochronological data indicate that the predominant part of these complexes is Palaeozoic in their protolith age. Lithology, P/T conditions of …

New Late Ypresian (Cuisian) Rotaliids (Foraminiferida) From Central And Southern Italy And Their Biostratigraphic Potential, Andrea Benedetti, Massimo Di Carlo, Johannes Pignatti

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Two new rotaliid genera and three new species are described from the Upper Ypresian of Sicily and Central Italy: Ornatorotalia spinosa n. gen. n. sp., Ornatorotalia granum n. sp. and Granorotalia sublobata n. gen. n. sp. The new taxa are all dated as SBZ 11 (middle Upper Ypresian, i.e., middle Cuisian) by the presence of Cuvillierina vallensis and alveolinid biostratigraphical markers such as Alveolina cremae, A. decastroi and A. distefanoi. The systematic position of these distinctive new taxa within the family Rotaliidae Ehrenberg, 1839 and their biostratigraphic potential are discussed.

Comparative Imaging Study In Ultrasound Mri, Ct And Dsa Using A Multi-Modality Renal Artery Phantom, Deirdre King, Andrew Fagan, Carmel Moran, Jacinta Browne

Articles

A range of anatomically-realistic multi-modality renal artery phantoms consisting of vessels with varying degrees of stenosis was developed and evaluated using four imaging techniques currently used to detect renal artery stenosis (RAS). The spatial resolution required to visualize vascular geometry and the velocity detection performance required to adequately characterize blood flow in patients suffering from RAS is currently ill-defined, with the result that no one imaging modality has emerged as a gold standard technique for screening for this disease.

Methods: The phantoms, which contained a range of stenosis values (0, 30, 50, 70 and 85%), were designed for use with …

Comment On C.E. Close, M.R. Gleeson And J.T. Sheridan "Monomer Diffusion Rates In Photopolymer Material Part 1. Low Spatial Frequency Holographic Gratings, Vincent Toal, Suzanne Martin, Izabela Naydenova

Articles

COMMENT: on C. E. Close, M. R. Gleeson and J. T. Sheridan “Monomer diffusion rates in photopolymer material.Part I. Low spatial frequency holographic gratings” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B / Vol. 28, No. 4 / April 2011 pp 658- 666 [1]

Now For The Science Bit: Implementing Community-Based Learning In Chemistry, Claire M. Mcdonnell, Patricia Ennis, Leslie Shoemaker

Articles

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of student learning from community engagement by critically assessing the implementation of this pedagogical approach in the context of teaching and learning chemistry and also evaluating the role of personal development in student-community engagement.

Design/methodology/approach – A case study on the implementation since 2007 of community-based learning (also called service-learning) projects in an academic department in Ireland is presented. Analysis of assessment grades, student reflective accounts and evaluation questionnaires informs this work as does a recently completed self-assessment of our activities using Shumer’s Self-Assessment for Service Learning. …

Impact Of Curriculum Reform: Evidence Of Change In Classroom Instruction In The United States, John Moyer, Jinfa Cai, Ning Wang, Bikai Nie

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of the study reported in this article is to examine the impact of curriculum on instruction. Over a three-year period, we observed 579 algebra-related lessons in grades 6–8. Approximately half the lessons were taught in schools that had adopted a Standards-based mathematics curriculum called the Connected Mathematics Program (CMP), and the remainder of the lessons were taught in schools that used more traditional curricula (non-CMP). We found many significant differences between the CMP and non-CMP lessons. The CMP lessons, emphasized the conceptual aspects of instruction to a greater extent than the non-CMP lessons and the non-CMP lessons …

A Characterization Of Connected (1,2)-Domination Graphs Of Tournaments, Kim A. S. Factor, Larry J. Langley

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Recently. Hedetniemi et aI. introduced (1,2)-domination in graphs, and the authors extended that concept to (1, 2)-domination graphs of digraphs. Given vertices x and y in a digraph D, x and y form a (1,2)-dominating pair if and only if for every other vertex z in D, z is one step away from x or y and at most two steps away from the other. The (1,2)-dominating graph of D, dom_1,2 (D), is defined to be the graph G = (V, E ) , where V (G) = V (D), and xy is …

Changes In Apparent Molar Water Volume And Dkp Solubility Yield Insights On The Hofmeister Effect, Daryl K. Eggers, A. Y. Payumo, R. M. Huijon, D. D. Mansfield, L. M. Belk, A. K. Bui, A. E. Knight

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

This study examines the properties of a 4 × 2 matrix of aqueous cations and anions at concentrations up to 8.0 M. The apparent molar water volume, as calculated by subtracting the mass and volume of the ions from the corresponding solution density, was found to exceed the molar volume of ice in many concentrated electrolyte solutions, underscoring the nonideal behavior of these systems. The solvent properties of water were also analyzed by measuring the solubility of diketopiperazine (DKP) in 2.000 M salt solutions prepared from the same ion combinations. Solution rankings for DKP solubility were found to parallel the …

On The First-Order Expressibility Of Lattice Properties To Unicoherence In Continua, Paul Bankston

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Many properties of compacta have “textbook” definitions which are phrased in lattice-theoretic terms that, ostensibly, apply only to the full closed-set lattice of a space. We provide a simple criterion for identifying such definitions that may be paraphrased in terms that apply to all lattice bases of the space, thereby making model-theoretic tools available to study the defined properties. In this note we are primarily interested in properties of continua related to unicoherence; i.e., properties that speak to the existence of “holes” in a continuum and in certain of its subcontinua.

On The Distributions Of Certain Spacings, Gholamhossein Hamedani, Hans Volkmer

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

A characterization of the uniform distribution based on distributions of spacings is presented which extends the existing result in this direction. Also, a result on the distribution of spacings for distributions close to the uniform one is discussed.

Late Devonian Paleontology And Paleoenvironments At Red Hill And Other Fossil Sites In The Catskill Formation Of North-Central Pennsylvania, Edward B. Daeschler, Walter L. Cressler Iii

Earth & Space Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

State Of The River Report For The Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida: Water Quality, Fisheries, Aquatic Life, And Contaminants 2011, Environmental Protection Board, City Of Jacksonville, University Of North Florida, Jacksonville University

State of the River Report

No abstract provided.

Perfect And Abundant Numbers - A Perfect And Abundant Source For Undergraduate Research Projects (Abstract), Judy Holdener

Undergraduate Mathematics Day: Programs, Lectures, Promotional Materials

In June of 2009, the 47th perfect number was discovered by the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS), a collaborative computing project involving volunteers from all over the world. Like all known perfect numbers before it, this number is even. Does an odd perfect number exist? Are there infinitely many perfect numbers?

Simulation, Application, And Resilience Of An Organic Neuromorphic Architecture, Made With Organic Bistable Devices And Organic Field Effect Transistors, Robert A. Nawrocki

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents work done simulating a type of organic neuromorphic architecture, modeled after Artificial Neural Network, and termed Synthetic Neural Network, or SNN. The first major contribution of this thesis is development of a single-transistor-single-organic-bistable-device-per-input circuit that approximates behavior of an artificial neuron. The efficacy of this design is validated by comparing the behavior of a single synthetic neuron to that of an artificial neuron as well as two examples involving a network of synthetic neurons. The analysis utilizes electrical characteristics of polymer electronic elements, namely Organic Bistable Device and Organic Field Effect Transistor, created in the laboratory at …

Rational Bundles And Recursion Operators For Integrable Equations On A.Iii-Type Symmetric Spaces, Vladimir Gerdjikov, Georgi Grahovski, Alexander Mikhailov, Tihomir Valtchev

Articles

We analyze and compare the methods of construction of the recursion operators for a special class of integrable nonlinear differential equations related to A.III-type symmetric spaces in Cartan’s classification and having additional reductions.

Minimax And Maximin Fitting Of Geometric Objects To Sets Of Points, Yan B. Mayster

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addresses several problems in the facility location sub-area of computational geometry. Let S be a set of n points in the plane. We derive algorithms for approximating S by a step function curve of size k < n, i.e., by an x-monotone orthogonal polyline ℜ with k < n horizontal segments. We use the vertical distance to measure the quality of the approximation, i.e., the maximum distance from a point in S to the horizontal segment directly above or below it. We consider two types of problems: min-ε, where the goal is to minimize the error for a …

On Diamond-Alpha Dynamic Equations And Inequalities, Nuriye Atasever

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In view of the recently developed theory of calculus for dynamic equations on time scales (which unifies discrete and continuous systems), in this project we give some of the basics of the extension of the theory to the combined delta (forward) and nabla (backward) derivatives. In this set up the newly developed theory of diamond-alpha derivatives are analyzed through some equation and inequality properties. In particular Opial type Diamond-alpha dynamic Inequalities are discussed in this context and recently developed results and their improved versions are given in this work.

Sequence Stratigraphy And Source Rock Characterization Of Organic-Rich Shales Within The Jurassic Smackover Formation, Conecuh Embayment, Alabama, U.S.A., Patrick W. Niemeyer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Upper Jurassic Smackover Formation is a prolific producer of hydrocarbons known throughout the U.S. Gulf Coast region, and typically consists of carbonate lime mudstones, ooid grainstones, microbial boundstones, and dolostones. Recent exploration efforts in the Conecuh Embayment of southwest Alabama revealed the presence of two black, siliciclastic shale layers containing abundant terrestrially derived organic matter within the Smackover Formation. The shale layers provide interesting insight into the sequence stratigraphy and paleoclimate of the Conecuh Embayment, and the source of the hydrocarbons accumulated there. The two shale layers reach a maximum thickness of 50 feet along the longitudinal axis of …