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2012

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Articles 1441 - 1470 of 12196

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Wavelet-Based Feature-Adaptive Adaptive Resonance Theory Neural Network For Texture Identification, Jiazhao Wang, Golshah Naghdy, Philip Ogunbona Nov 2012

Wavelet-Based Feature-Adaptive Adaptive Resonance Theory Neural Network For Texture Identification, Jiazhao Wang, Golshah Naghdy, Philip Ogunbona

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

A new method of texture classification comprising two processing stages, namely a low-level evolutionary feature extraction based on Gabor wavelets and a high-level neural network based pattern recognition, is proposed. The design of these stages is motivated by the processes involved in the human visual system: low-level receptors responsible for early vision processing and the high-level cognition. Gabor wavelets are used as extractors of ‘‘lowlevel’’ features that feed the feature-adaptive adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network acting as a high-level ‘‘cognitive system.’’ The novelty of the model developed in this paper lies in the use of a self-organizing input layer …

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Morphological Characteristics Of Cervical Cells For Cervical Cancer Diagnosis, - Rahmadwati, Golshah Naghdy, Montserrat Ros, Catherine Todd Nov 2012

Morphological Characteristics Of Cervical Cells For Cervical Cancer Diagnosis, - Rahmadwati, Golshah Naghdy, Montserrat Ros, Catherine Todd

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper investigates cervical cancer diagnosis based on the morphological characteristics of cervical cells. The developed algorithms cover several steps: pre-processing, image segmentation, nuclei and cytoplasm detection, feature calculation, and classification. The K-means clustering algorithm based on colour segmentation is used to segment cervical biopsy images into five regions: background, nuclei, red blood cell, stroma and cytoplasm. The morphological characteristics of cervical cells are used for feature extraction of cervical histopathology images. The cervical histopathology images are classified using four well known discriminatory features: 1) the ratio of nuclei to cytoplasm, 2) the diameter of nuclei, 3) the shape factor …

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Scalable Multiresolution Image Segmentation And Its Application In Video Object Extraction Algorithm, F. Akhlaghian Tab, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins Nov 2012

Scalable Multiresolution Image Segmentation And Its Application In Video Object Extraction Algorithm, F. Akhlaghian Tab, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper presents a novel multiresolution image segmentation method based on the discrete wavelet transform and Markov Random Field (MRF) modelling. A major contribution of this work is to add spatial scalability to the segmentation algorithm producing the same segmentation pattern at different resolutions. This property makes it suitable for the scalable object-based wavelet coding. The correlation between different resolutions of pyramid is considered by a multiresolution analysis which is incorporated into the objective function of the MRF segmentation algorithm. Allowing for smoothness terms in the objective function at different resolutions improves border smoothness and creates visually more pleasing objects/regions, …

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Automatic Image Annotation For Semantic Image Retrieval, Wenbin Shao, G. Naghdy, Son Lam Phung Nov 2012

Automatic Image Annotation For Semantic Image Retrieval, Wenbin Shao, G. Naghdy, Son Lam Phung

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper addresses the challenge of automatic annotation of images for semantic image retrieval. In this research, we aim to identify visual features that are suitable for semantic annotation tasks. We propose an image classification system that combines MPEG-7 visual descriptors and support vector machines. The system is applied to annotate cityscape and landscape images. For this task, our analysis shows that the colour structure and edge histogram descriptors perform best, compared to a wide range of MPEG-7 visual descriptors. On a dataset of 7200 landscape and cityscape images representing real-life varied quality and resolution, the MPEG-7 colour structure descriptor …

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Automatic Annotation Of Digital Images Using Colour Structure And Edge Direction, Wenbin Shao, G. Naghdy, Son Lam Phung Nov 2012

Automatic Annotation Of Digital Images Using Colour Structure And Edge Direction, Wenbin Shao, G. Naghdy, Son Lam Phung

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

The focus of this paper is on automatic annotation for semantic image retrieval. This work is aimed at identifying visual descriptors that are most relevant, effective and suitable for semantic annotation tasks. We propose an image annotation system based on support vector machines and a combination of descriptors that includes a gradient direction histogram and several MPEG-7 visual descriptors. The system is tested on a large database of 7200 cityscape and landscape images. The results indicate that when descriptors are used individually, the proposed gradient direction histogram performs best. However, when descriptors are combined, the accuracy is improved. The presented …

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Performance Enhancement For Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (Art) Neural Networks, Golshah Naghdy, Jiazhao Wang, Philip Ogunbona Nov 2012

Performance Enhancement For Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (Art) Neural Networks, Golshah Naghdy, Jiazhao Wang, Philip Ogunbona

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

A modified fuzzy adaptive resonance theory neural network (ART) is used as a classifier for a texture recognition system. The system consists of a wavelet based low level feature detector and a high level ART classifier. The performance improvement is measured in terms of identification accuracy and computational burden.

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Document Image Analysis And Verification Using Cursive Signature, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne, Alfred Mertins Nov 2012

Document Image Analysis And Verification Using Cursive Signature, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne, Alfred Mertins

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

A new approach for document image analysis and verification is presented. The approach utilizes connected component analysis and geometric properties of labelled regions for region of interest extraction. Document images containing Persian/Arabic text combined with English text, headlines, ruling lines, trade mark and cursive signature are used as a test data. Persian/Arabic signature extraction is investigated as a case study. The proposed method uses special characteristics of such signatures for extraction and verification procedures. A set of efficient, invariant and compact features is extracted utilizing spatial partitioning of the signature region. Comparative results exhibit high extraction and verification rates.

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New Wavelet Based Art Network For Texture Classification, Jiazhao Wang, Golshah Naghdy, Philip O. Ogunbona Nov 2012

New Wavelet Based Art Network For Texture Classification, Jiazhao Wang, Golshah Naghdy, Philip O. Ogunbona

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

A new method for texture classification is proposed. It is composed of two processing stages, namely, a low level evolutionary feature extraction based on Gabor wavelets and a high level neural network based pattern recognition. This resembles the process involved in the human visual system. Gabor wavelets are exploited as the feature extractor. A neural network, Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (Fuzzy ART), acts as the high level decision making and recognition system. Some modifications to the Fuzzy ART make it capable of simulating the post-natal and evolutionary development of the human visual system. The proposed system has been evaluated using …

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3d Geometric Modelling Of Hand-Woven Textile, Hooman Shidanshidi, Fazel Naghdy, Golshah Naghdy, Diana Wood Conroy Nov 2012

3d Geometric Modelling Of Hand-Woven Textile, Hooman Shidanshidi, Fazel Naghdy, Golshah Naghdy, Diana Wood Conroy

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

Geometric modeling and haptic rendering of textile has attracted significant interest over the last decade. A haptic representation is created by adding the physical properties of an object to its geometric configuration. While research has been conducted into geometric modeling of fabric, current systems require time-consuming manual recognition of textile specifications and data entry. The development of a generic approach for construction of the 3D geometric model of a woven textile is pursued in this work. The geometric model would be superimposed by a haptic model in the future work. The focus at this stage is on hand-woven textile artifacts …

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Scalable Multiresolution Color Image Segmentation With Smoothness Constraint, F. Akhlaghian Tab, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins Nov 2012

Scalable Multiresolution Color Image Segmentation With Smoothness Constraint, F. Akhlaghian Tab, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper presents a multiresolution image segmentation method based on the discrete wavelet transform and Markov random field (MRF) modeling. A major contribution of this work is to add spatial scalability to the segmentation algorithm producing the same segmentation pattern at different resolutions. This property makes it applicable for scalable object-based wavelet coding. The correlation between different resolutions of pyramid is considered by a multire solution analysis which is incorporated into the objective function of the MRF segmentation algorithm. Examining the corresponding pixels at different resolutions simultaneously enables the algorithm to directly segment the images in the YUV or similar …

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Perceptions Of A Gender-Inclusive Curriculum Amongst Australian Information And Communications Technology Academics, Tony Koppi, Madeleine Roberts, Golshah Naghdy Nov 2012

Perceptions Of A Gender-Inclusive Curriculum Amongst Australian Information And Communications Technology Academics, Tony Koppi, Madeleine Roberts, Golshah Naghdy

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

The lack of female enrolments in ICT is widely recognised and has prompted a range of strategies to attract more women, most of which do not include curriculum changes at any level. Research suggests that there are aspects of the ICT curriculum that could appeal to females, particularly in relation to benefits to society and humanity in general, and that including these considerations in the curriculum would be of interest to all students. The perceptions of a gender-inclusive ICT curriculum in Australia have been ascertained from a survey and forum discussions of ICT academic managers and leaders of ICT learning …

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Arabic/Persian Cursive Signature Recognition And Verification Using Line Segment Distribution, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne Nov 2012

Arabic/Persian Cursive Signature Recognition And Verification Using Line Segment Distribution, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This work proposes a fast method for line segment extraction based on chain code differentiation. It is applied to cursive signature recognition of Arabic/Persian. The evaluation method is introduced to obtain a quantitative value for the recognition rate. The comparative results show the existing differences among the methods in recognition, building time and searching time criteria. The two methods used for comparison are invariant moments and CBLSE method.

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Shape Vq-Based Adaptive Predictive Lossless Image Coder, Jiazhao Wang, Philip Ogunbona, Golshah Naghdy Nov 2012

Shape Vq-Based Adaptive Predictive Lossless Image Coder, Jiazhao Wang, Philip Ogunbona, Golshah Naghdy

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

A new shape adaptive predictive lossless image coder is proposed. Three classes of block shapes are delineated with associated “optimum” predctors. Each image is partitioned into sub-blocks that are classified into one of the three classes using vector quantisation. The encoder then employs the predictor corresponding to the class of the block under consideration. Performance evaluation of the proposed coder in comparison with four other lossless coders includmg lossless JPEG indicates its superiority.

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Sketch-Based Image Retrieval Using Angular Partitioning, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins Nov 2012

Sketch-Based Image Retrieval Using Angular Partitioning, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper presents a novel approach for sketch-based image retrieval based on low-level features. The approach enables measuring the similarity between a full color image and a simple black and white sketched query and needs no cost intensive image segmentation. The proposed method can cope with images containing several complex objects in an inhomogeneous background. Abstract images are obtained using strong edges of the model image and thinned outline of the sketched image. Angular-spatial distribution of pixels in the abstract images is then employed to extract new compact and effective features using Fourier transform. The extracted features are scale and …

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3d Geometric And Haptic Modeling Of Hand-Woven Textile Artifacts, Hooman Shidanshidi, Fazel Naghdy, Golshah Naghdy, Diana Wood Conroy Nov 2012

3d Geometric And Haptic Modeling Of Hand-Woven Textile Artifacts, Hooman Shidanshidi, Fazel Naghdy, Golshah Naghdy, Diana Wood Conroy

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

Haptic Modeling of textile has attracted significant interest over the last decade. In spite of extensive research, no generic system has been proposed. The previous work mainly assumes that textile has a 2D planar structure. They also require time-consuming objective measurement of textile propel1ies in mechanicaVphysjcal model constrUction. A novel approach for haptic modeling of textile is proposed to overcome the existing shortcomings. The method is generic, assumes a 3D structure textile artifact, and deploys computational intelligence to estimate textile mechanical and physical properties. The approach is designed primarily for display of textile artifacts in museums. The haptic model is …

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Image Analysis Using Line Segments Extraction By Chain Code Differentiation, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne Nov 2012

Image Analysis Using Line Segments Extraction By Chain Code Differentiation, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper proposes a new fast method for line segment extraction from edge maps. It has a parallel nature and can be used on parallel machines easily. The method uses the chain codes in the edge map, namely macrochains, for line segment detection. In the first phase, it breaks the macrochains into several microchains by employing the extreme points of the first derivative of shifted-smoothed chain code function. Straight-line segments approximate the resulting microchains. In the second phase, the line segments are grouped together based on their proximity (collinearity and nearness) to make longer segments. The final set could be …

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Sketch-Based Image Matching Using Angular Partitioning, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins Nov 2012

Sketch-Based Image Matching Using Angular Partitioning, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Alfred Mertins

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This work presents a novel method for image similarity measure, where a hand-drawn rough black and white sketch is compared with an existing data base of full color images (art works and photographs). The proposed system creates ambient intelligence in terms of the evaluation of nonprecise, easy to input sketched information. The system can then provide the user with options of either retrieving similar images in the database or ranking the quality of the sketch against a given standard, i.e., the original image model. Alternatively, the inherent pattern-matching capability of the system can be utilized to allow detection of distortion …

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Texture Analysis Using Gabor Wavelets, Golshah Naghdy, Jianli Wang, Philip Ogunbona Nov 2012

Texture Analysis Using Gabor Wavelets, Golshah Naghdy, Jianli Wang, Philip Ogunbona

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

Receptive field profiles of simple cells in the visual cortex have been shown to resemble even- symmetric or odd-symmetric Gabor filters. Computational models employed in the analysis of textures have been motivated by two-dimensional Gabor functions arranged in a multi-channel architecture. More recently wavelets have emerged as a powerful tool for non-stationary signal analysis capable of encoding scale-space information efficiently. A multi-resolution implementation in the form of a dyadic decomposition of the signal of interest has been popularized by many researchers. In this paper, Gabor wavelet configured in a 'rosette' fashion is used as a multi-channel filter-bank feature extractor for …

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A Multi-Class Image Classification System Using Salient Features And Support Vector Machines, Wenbin Shao, Son Lam Phung, G. Naghdy Nov 2012

A Multi-Class Image Classification System Using Salient Features And Support Vector Machines, Wenbin Shao, Son Lam Phung, G. Naghdy

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper addresses the problem of automatic image annotation for semantic retrieval of images. We propose an image classification system that is capable of recognizing several image categories. The system is based on the support vector machine and a set of image features that includes MPEG-7 visual descriptors and a custom feature. The system is evaluated on a large dataset consisting of 14400 images in four categories - landscape, cityscape, vehicle and portrait. We find that the proposed edge direction histogram and the MPEG-7 edge histogram perform better than other features in this application. Experiment results indicate that the pair- …

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Image Database Retrieval Using Sketched Queries, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne Nov 2012

Image Database Retrieval Using Sketched Queries, A. Chalechale, G. Naghdy, Prashan Premaratne

Associate Professor Golshah Naghdy

This paper presents a novel approach for sketch-based image retrieval based on low-level features. It enables the measuring of the similarity among full color multi-component images within a database (models) and simple black and white user sketched queries. It needs no cost intensive image segmentation. Strong edges of the model image and morphologically thinned version of the query image are used for image abstraction. Angular-radial decomposition of pixels in the abstract images is used to extract new compact and affine invariant features. Comparative results, employing an art database (ArT BANK), show significant improvement in average normalized modified retrieval rank (ANMRR) …

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Implementation Of Artificial Intelligence Technique To Model Arc Furnace Responses, A.M.O Haruni, Michael Negnevitsky, M.E Haque, Kashem Muttaqi Nov 2012

Implementation Of Artificial Intelligence Technique To Model Arc Furnace Responses, A.M.O Haruni, Michael Negnevitsky, M.E Haque, Kashem Muttaqi

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

Random variations of the bus voltage and power consumption of an electric arc furnace (EAF) have a significant impact on power generation equipment, transient stability of the power system network and power quality to other interconnected loads. Therefore, an accurate representation of the load's dynamic behaviour under various system disturbances is very important. This paper presents an arc furnace model using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in order to capture random, non-linear and time-varying load pattern of an arc furnace. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, several case studies are presented where the outputs of the proposed model …

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Assessment Of Distributed Generation Impacts On Distribution Networks Using Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Flow Analysis, Md Jan-E- Alam, Kashem Muttaqi, Danny Sutanto Nov 2012

Assessment Of Distributed Generation Impacts On Distribution Networks Using Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Flow Analysis, Md Jan-E- Alam, Kashem Muttaqi, Danny Sutanto

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

Impacts of Distributed Generation (DG) resources on distribution networks have been studied. A Newton-Raphson algorithm based three phase unbalance power flow program has been developed to incorporate the effects of system unbalance and single phase DG injection. Power flow equations have been formulated and solved in phase coordinated form. Effects of substation load-tap changer, voltage regulator, shunt capacitor and different type of load models have been considered in the development of the program. Phase asymmetry of distribution networks has been treated by modifying the Jacobian matrix. The proposed technique has been tested on IEEE 34 bus distribution test system for …

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Control Of Energy Storage Interface With A Bidirectional Converter For Photovoltaic Systems, K.N Hasan, M.E Haque, Michael Negnevitsky, Kashem Muttaqi Nov 2012

Control Of Energy Storage Interface With A Bidirectional Converter For Photovoltaic Systems, K.N Hasan, M.E Haque, Michael Negnevitsky, Kashem Muttaqi

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

Efficient energy storage is one of the greatest concerns for renewable power generation. This paper focuses on the control of a battery management system (BMS) for photovoltaic (PV) applications with a high efficiency bidirectional converter. The proposed BMS control strategy utilizes the dc bus power and battery state of charge (SOC) for the charging and discharging of the battery with a bidirectional converter. The bidirectional converter includes fewer components and switches, has less switching losses with zero voltage switching, and has high gain buck-boost operations. A new control algorithm of charging-discharging control for the battery storage system is proposed. The …

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Voltage Quality Behaviour Of A Wind Turbine Based Remote Area Power System, Nishad Mendis, Kashem Muttaqi, Sarath Perera Nov 2012

Voltage Quality Behaviour Of A Wind Turbine Based Remote Area Power System, Nishad Mendis, Kashem Muttaqi, Sarath Perera

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

The power quality behaviour of a Remote Area Power System (RAPS) consisting of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), its main loads and a dummy load is presented in this paper. The dummy load is used to maintain the power balance of the system under changing wind and loading conditions. The performance of the remote area power system subject to various loading conditions has been evaluated in terms of the voltage quality, an aspect which has not received much attention in the past. The existing Distributed Generation (DG) power quality standards are taken as the basis to compare the voltage …

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A Short Length Window-Based Method For Islanding Detection In Distributed Generation, Mollah Alam, Kashem Muttaqi, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum Nov 2012

A Short Length Window-Based Method For Islanding Detection In Distributed Generation, Mollah Alam, Kashem Muttaqi, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

Distributed generation (DG) has recently drawn the interest to meet the increased load demand with minimum investment. But cohesive operation of these DG sources, in a grid-connected environment, gives rise to several issues during abnormal conditions of the utility system. This paper addresses the detection method of one such crucial event which is “islanding”. A short length window based Mahalanobis Distance method has been proposed in this paper to detect islanding. A trade-off between computational time and accuracy has been maintained to make it reliable and acceptable. In this method, network parameters such as rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), …

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Support Of Distribution System Using Distributed Wind And Pv Systems, Kai Zou, Ashish P. Agalgaonkar, Kashem Muttaqi, Sarath Perera, N Browne Nov 2012

Support Of Distribution System Using Distributed Wind And Pv Systems, Kai Zou, Ashish P. Agalgaonkar, Kashem Muttaqi, Sarath Perera, N Browne

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

The application of renewable distributed generation (DG) could be considered as an alternative approach for distribution system expansion planning not only to reduce power loss and carbon emission, but also to improve system voltage profile. This paper investigates technical aspects relatedto voltage support and loss reduction in distribution systems with distributed wind and solar generation. The probabilistic wind, solar, and load models have been developed in order to address uncertain nature of wind speed, solar radiation, and load demand. Investigations have been carried out using Monte Carlo based probabilistic load flow analysis to estimate the probability distributions of system state …

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Dynamic Modelling Of Hydroelectric Turbine-Generator Unit Connected To A Hvdc System For Small Signal Stability Analysis, Yin Chin Choo, Ashish Agalgaonkar, Kashem Muttaqi, Sarath Perera, Michael Negnevitsky Nov 2012

Dynamic Modelling Of Hydroelectric Turbine-Generator Unit Connected To A Hvdc System For Small Signal Stability Analysis, Yin Chin Choo, Ashish Agalgaonkar, Kashem Muttaqi, Sarath Perera, Michael Negnevitsky

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

This paper presents the linearised small-signal dynamic modelling of hydroelectric turbine-generator (TG) unit with CIGRE first high-voltage direct current (HVDC) benchmark system in the synchronously rotating D-Q reference frame for small-signal stability analysis. The interaction behaviour between the hydroelectric unit and the dynamics and control of HVDC system is investigated utilising eigen-analysis,participation factor analysis and by conducting sensitivity studies. The computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for small signal stability analysis provides an invaluable insight onto the power system dynamic behaviour by characterising the damping and frequency of the system oscillatory modes. Theconsequences of different operating conditions, such as active and …

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A Novel Control Strategy For Stand-Alone Operation Of A Wind Dominated Raps System, Sarath Perera, Kashem Muttaqi, Nishad Mendis, M.N Uddin, Nov 2012

A Novel Control Strategy For Stand-Alone Operation Of A Wind Dominated Raps System, Sarath Perera, Kashem Muttaqi, Nishad Mendis, M.N Uddin,

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

This paper presents a novel control strategy for a high penetrated wind based hybrid Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system. The proposed RAPS system consists of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind turbine and a battery energy storage system with a dump load for DC bus voltage control and a diesel generator as a back-up supply. An integrated control approach based on active and reactive power balance of the proposed RAPS system has been proposed and developed with a view to regulate the voltage and frequency within an acceptable bandwidth. The proposed integrated control algorithm is …

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Optimisation Of Component Sizes For A Hybrid Remote Area Power Supply System, Saad M. Sayeef, Nishad Mendis, Kashem Muttaqi Nov 2012

Optimisation Of Component Sizes For A Hybrid Remote Area Power Supply System, Saad M. Sayeef, Nishad Mendis, Kashem Muttaqi

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

In this paper, an optimisation model for determination of the optimal sizes of various system components, including wind, diesel and energy storage, has been developed to obtain a reliable and cost-effective wind-diesel hybrid remote area power supply (RAPS) system. A linear programming based cost minimisation algorithm has been formulated for determination of optimal sizes of various components in a RAPS system with consideration of continually varying wind and system load. The system constraints, including power balance for both under-generation and over-generation scenarios, have been considered in the optimisation formulation. Optimisation model to minimize the total cost of the system based …

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Optimisation Of Distributed Generation Units And Shunt Capacitors For Economic Operation Of Distribution Systems, Kai Zou, Sarath Perera, Kashem Muttaqi, Ashish P. Agalgaonkar Nov 2012

Optimisation Of Distributed Generation Units And Shunt Capacitors For Economic Operation Of Distribution Systems, Kai Zou, Sarath Perera, Kashem Muttaqi, Ashish P. Agalgaonkar

Associate Professor Kashem Muttaqi

The integration of Distributed Generation (DG) units and shunt capacitors can be considered as an alternative approach for distribution system expansion planning not only to improve power supply quality and reliability, but also to defer major system updates. In this paper, the techno-economic issues of distribution system expansion planning with optimal sizing and siting of DG units and shunt capacitors are addressed. The minimisation of overall investment cost with the integration of DG units and shunt capacitors is assessed with the consideration of supply quality, reliability and energy loss. A new planning methodology by using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is …

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