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2012

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Articles 211 - 240 of 12196

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Simulations In 3d Tactics, Interdiction And Multi-Agent Modelling, A. R. Green, I. C. Piper, Daniel Keep, C. J. Flaherty Dec 2012

Simulations In 3d Tactics, Interdiction And Multi-Agent Modelling, A. R. Green, I. C. Piper, Daniel Keep, C. J. Flaherty

Dr Ian Piper

The analysis of vulnerabilities in large complex spaces is fundamentally problematic. The lack of capacity to generate a threat assessment merely exacerbates this problem. Lacking as well, in current literature is a developed methodology. To overcome this problem, we propose an approach using multi-agent modelling, which is also melded with three dimensional (3D) tactical understandings. Our approach builds on a microsimulation decision support tool, which was developed for a behavioural simulation of CBRN events. Microsimulation is based on the individual; who as an individual has a number of attributes, and which are stochastic (when repeated within an attribute). This approach …

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A Hybrid Approach To The Core Curriculum, I. Piper, P. Castle, A. Fuller, G. Awyzio Dec 2012

A Hybrid Approach To The Core Curriculum, I. Piper, P. Castle, A. Fuller, G. Awyzio

Dr Ian Piper

In this paper we review the IEEE/ACM CC2001 model. We then describe our proposed core CS curriculum comprising four strands: programming languages, algorithms, discrete mathematics and systems. These sequences are to be taught over the first two years of the Bachelor of Computer Science Degree and need to be taken in parallel.

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An Application Of The 5-S Activity Theoretic Requirements Method, Robert Brown, Peter Hyland, Ian Piper Dec 2012

An Application Of The 5-S Activity Theoretic Requirements Method, Robert Brown, Peter Hyland, Ian Piper

Dr Ian Piper

One of the most crucial aspects of highly interactive, multi-user, organisational systems is the interface. The Human Computer Interaction (HCI) community has not adopted rigorous Formal Methods with open arms (Paterno, 1996). However, the HCI community has widely adopted Usability Engineering approaches (Corporate Solutions 2006), such as Nielsen’s (1994), which offers considerable formality. There remains, however, scope for user interface (UI) design to adopt a theoretical framework to enhance consistency across the whole design and development lifecycle. A theoretically-consistent framework from initial conceptual elicitation to evaluation of the finished product may prove useful. Since the aim of UI design is …

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Simple, Robust And Accurate Head-Pose Tracking Using A Single Camera, S. Meers, Koren Ward, I. Piper Dec 2012

Simple, Robust And Accurate Head-Pose Tracking Using A Single Camera, S. Meers, Koren Ward, I. Piper

Dr Ian Piper

This paper describes an inexpensive, robust method for tracking the head position and orientation of the user by using a single low-cost USB camera and infrared light emitting diodes concealed within spectacle frames worn by the user. Unlike gaze and head-pose tracking systems which rely on high-resolution stereo cameras and complex image processing hardware and software to find and track facial features on the user, the proposed system is able to efficiently locate and track the head's orientation and distance relative to the camera with little processing. Due to the infrared light emitting diodes having fixed geometry, the system does …

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Introducing N-Tree-Space: A Classification System For Knowledge Library Applications, E. Rayner, I. C. Piper, M. Bunder Dec 2012

Introducing N-Tree-Space: A Classification System For Knowledge Library Applications, E. Rayner, I. C. Piper, M. Bunder

Dr Ian Piper

This paper identifies and defines the Knowledge Library Application (KLA) class. KLAs are an important class of information resource/knowledge management applications. It will be clear from the definition that KLAs are highly relevant to both the commercial and academic worlds and existing techniques such as keyword and tree classification, On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP), and Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) do not provide key KLA features. N-Tree-Space (NTS), a technique detailed in this paper, enables the provision of these features and should facilitate the development of a range of KLAs that offer significant advantages over currently available software tools.

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A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor And Membrane Reactor Models With Non-Competitive Product Inhibition. Ii. Exponential Inhibition, Mark Nelson, Wei Xian Lim Dec 2012

A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor And Membrane Reactor Models With Non-Competitive Product Inhibition. Ii. Exponential Inhibition, Mark Nelson, Wei Xian Lim

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

The steady-state production of a product produced through the growth of microorganisms in a continuous flow bioreactor is presented. A generalised reactor model is used in which both the classic well-stirred bioreactor and the idealised membrane bioreactor are considered as special cases. The reaction is assumed to be governed by Monod growth kinetics subject to non-competitive product inhibition. Inhibition is modelled as a decaying exponential function of the product concentration. This reaction scheme is well documented in the literature, although a stability analysis of the governing equations has not previously been presented. The performance of a well-stirred bioreactor with microorganisms …

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Experience With Change Evaluations Suggests The Need For Better Learning Designs: One Possibility For Mathematics, Bothaina Bukhatowa, Anne Porter, Mark Nelson Dec 2012

Experience With Change Evaluations Suggests The Need For Better Learning Designs: One Possibility For Mathematics, Bothaina Bukhatowa, Anne Porter, Mark Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

A Change Evaluation was conducted in the School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, at the University of Wollongong (UOW) with a view to identifying which resources to improve in order to facilitate better student learning outcomes. One hundred and thirty students took the subject MATH151 during the autumn term of the 2010 academic year with 101 students responding to the evaluation questionnaire. Data collection was used to discover which resources had the greatest potential for improvement or replacement and to examine if the structure of the subject could be improved for better student understanding and learning. The survey was also …

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Prevalence And Economic Value Of Feral Swine Damage To Native Habitat In Three Florida State Parks, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, John Woolard, Mark Nelson, Daniel Griffin Dec 2012

Prevalence And Economic Value Of Feral Swine Damage To Native Habitat In Three Florida State Parks, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, John Woolard, Mark Nelson, Daniel Griffin

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Feral swine (Sus scrofa) adversely affect the environment in many of the places where they have been introduced. Such is the case in Florida, but quantification and economic evaluation of the damage can provide objective bases for developing strategies to protect habitats. Swine damage to native wet pine-flatwoods at three state parks in Florida was monitored from winter 2002 to winter 2003. Economic valuations of damage were based on the US dollar amounts that wetland regulators have allowed permit applicants to spend in attempts to replace lost resources. The parks had different swine management histories and the damage …

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Analysis Of A Chemostat Model With Variable Yield Coefficient: Contois Kinetics., Rubayyi Alqahtani, Mark Nelson, Annette Worthy Dec 2012

Analysis Of A Chemostat Model With Variable Yield Coefficient: Contois Kinetics., Rubayyi Alqahtani, Mark Nelson, Annette Worthy

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Food processing wastewaters and slurries typically contain high concentrations of biodegradable organic matter. Before the wastewater can be discharged, the pollutant concentration must be reduced. One way to achieve this is by using a biological species (biomass) that consumes the organic matter (substrate). We investigate an unstructured kinetic model for a bioreactor with a variable yield coefficient, taking into account the death rate of the microorganisms. The growth rate is given by a Contois expression, which is often used to model the growth of biomass in wastewaters containing biodegradable organic materials. The analysis shows that the system has natural oscillations …

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Survey Of Experimental Work On The Self-Heating And Spontaneous Combustion Of Coal, Mark Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen Dec 2012

Survey Of Experimental Work On The Self-Heating And Spontaneous Combustion Of Coal, Mark Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

No abstract provided.

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Modelling The Effects Of Moisture Content In Compost Piles, T Luangwilai, H S. Sidhu, M I. Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen Dec 2012

Modelling The Effects Of Moisture Content In Compost Piles, T Luangwilai, H S. Sidhu, M I. Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

This paper considers the self-heating process occurring in a compost pile using one- and two-dimensional spatially-dependent models and incorporating terms that account for self-heating due to both biological and oxidative mechanisms. Biological heat generation is known to be present in most industrial processes handling large volumes of bulk organic materials. The heat release rate due to biological activity is modelled by a function which is, at sufficiently low temperatures, a monotonically increasing function of temperature and, at higher temperatures, a monotonically decreasing function of temperature. This functionality represents the fact that microorganisms die or become dormant at high temperatures. The …

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A Mathematical Model For The Biological Treatment Of Industrial Wastewaters In A Cascade Of Four Reactors, Annette Worthy, Mark Nelson, Rubayyi Turki Alqahtani Dec 2012

A Mathematical Model For The Biological Treatment Of Industrial Wastewaters In A Cascade Of Four Reactors, Annette Worthy, Mark Nelson, Rubayyi Turki Alqahtani

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Many industrial processes, particularly in the food industry, produce slurriesor wastewaters containing high concentrations of biodegradable organicmaterials. Before these contaminated wastewaters can be dischargedthe concentration of these pollutants must be reduced. A method which has beenextensively employed to remove biodegradable organic matter is biologicaltreatment. In this process the wastewater (or slurry) is passed through abioreactor containing biomass which grows through consumption of thepollutants.The industrial treatment of wastewaters typically employs a reactor cascade.In a reactor cascade of n reactors the effluent stream from the ith reactor inthe cascade acts as the feed stream for the (i+1)th reactor, i.e. the nextreactor. The …

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The Effect Of Incomplete Mixing Upon The Performance Of A Membrane-Coupled Anaerobic Fermentor, Ahmed Hussein Msmali, Mark I. Nelson, John M. Kavanagh Dec 2012

The Effect Of Incomplete Mixing Upon The Performance Of A Membrane-Coupled Anaerobic Fermentor, Ahmed Hussein Msmali, Mark I. Nelson, John M. Kavanagh

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

We consider a model to describe the performance of a membrane-coupled anaerobic fermentor which was developed and calibrated using experimental data by Kim and Chung (2010). The model consists of six differential equations, modelling the concentration of five biochemical species and the rate of gasification. In the original work it was assumed that reactor is well-mixed. We use a two parameter mixing model to investigate the effect of incomplete mixing upon the performance of this process. The parameters in the mixing mode are the size of the stagnant region and a parameter controlling the degree of mixing between the regions. …

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Behaviour Of An Elementary Oxidation Reaction In A Semi-Batch Reactor, Mark Nelson, Harvinder Sidhu Dec 2012

Behaviour Of An Elementary Oxidation Reaction In A Semi-Batch Reactor, Mark Nelson, Harvinder Sidhu

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

No abstract provided.

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Kinetic Analysis Of Oleic Acid Esterification Using Lipolytic Enzyme As Catalyst, Mohd S. Mahmud, James W. Ryan, Cyrus Cooper, Tomasz Safinski, Mark I. Nelson, Harvinder S. Sidhu, Soji A. Adesina Dec 2012

Kinetic Analysis Of Oleic Acid Esterification Using Lipolytic Enzyme As Catalyst, Mohd S. Mahmud, James W. Ryan, Cyrus Cooper, Tomasz Safinski, Mark I. Nelson, Harvinder S. Sidhu, Soji A. Adesina

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

This paper deals with the esterification kinetics of oleic acid (OA) using ethanol (EtOH) over acrylic-supported lipase from Aspergillus niger (Novozym 435) as catalyst. The reaction was carried out in a stirred 500 mL Pyrex glass reactor at 45oC under conditions with negligible external and internal transport resistances. Reaction runs in a microaqueous medium employed OA: EtOH ratio, b, between 0.01 to 2.0 without initial addition of water. The rate dependency on reactant concentration has a maximum at b=0.9, just below the stoichiometric ratio, and was therefore described by a Michaelis- Menten kinetic expression implicating irreversible surface reaction between adsorbed …

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Crocodylia--Alligator Mississippiensis (American Alligator). Homing And Site Fidelity., John W. Woolard, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Mark Nelson Dec 2012

Crocodylia--Alligator Mississippiensis (American Alligator). Homing And Site Fidelity., John W. Woolard, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Mark Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

No abstract provided.

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Bioeconomic Analysis Of Herpetofauna Road-Kills In A Florida State Park, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman, Robert M. Barry, Robin J. Rossmanith, Mark Nelson Dec 2012

Bioeconomic Analysis Of Herpetofauna Road-Kills In A Florida State Park, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman, Robert M. Barry, Robin J. Rossmanith, Mark Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Road-kills are a major cause of mortality for a wide variety of herpetofauna, but management decisions on remediation procedures for reducing losses are based in economic realities. Because funding is finite for species conservation, bioeconomic analysis can assist in justifying, evaluating, and maximizing returns on conservation expenditures, especially for low-profile species such as herpetofauna. Here, we present a bioeconomic analysis of road-killed herpetofauna in Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Florida. Road surveys were conducted daily for four years to identify and enumerate the numbers of each reptile and amphibian species killed by vehicles. Conservative individual valuations applied to the losses formed …

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Generalised Diffusive Delay Logistic Equations: Semi-Analytical Solutions, H Alfifi, Timothy Marchant, M Nelson Dec 2012

Generalised Diffusive Delay Logistic Equations: Semi-Analytical Solutions, H Alfifi, Timothy Marchant, M Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

This paper considers semi-analytical solutions for a class of generalised logis- tic partial dierential equations with both point and distributed delays. Both one and two-dimensional geometries are considered. The Galerkin method is used to approximate the governing equations by a system of ordinary dierential delay equations. This method involves assuming a spatial structure for the solution and averaging to obtain the ordinary dierential delay equation models. Semi-analytical results for the stability of the system are derived with the critical parameter value, at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs, found. The results show that diusion acts to stabilise the system, compared to …

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A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor And Membrane Reactor Models With Tessier Kinetics, M Nelson, E Balakrishnan, H Sidhu Dec 2012

A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor And Membrane Reactor Models With Tessier Kinetics, M Nelson, E Balakrishnan, H Sidhu

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

In this research we analyze the steady-state operation of a continuous flow bioreactor, with or without recycle, and an idealized or nonidealized continuous flow membrane reactor. The model extends to include a fixed bed reactor where a fraction of the biomass is detached by the flow. The reaction is assumed to be governed by Tessier growth kinetics. We show that a flow reactor with idealized recycle has the same performance as an idealized membrane reactor and that the performance of a nonidealized membrane reactor is identical to that of an appropriately defined continuous flow bioreactor with nonidealized recycle. The performance …

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Performance Evaluation Of Ethanol Production Through Continuous Fermentation, Harvinder S. Sidhu, John M. Kavanagh, Simon D. Watt, Mark I. Nelson Dec 2012

Performance Evaluation Of Ethanol Production Through Continuous Fermentation, Harvinder S. Sidhu, John M. Kavanagh, Simon D. Watt, Mark I. Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

We investigate the production of ethanol through continuous fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a single reactor and cascades of two or three reactors. We use path following methods to investigate how the ethanol yield varies with the residence time in each reactor configuration of the cascade. Yields currently obtained in industry using yeast are approximately 0.48. We find reactor designs where the product yield approaches the stoichiometric limit of 0.51. We also estimate the financial benefits that can be achieved in typical US ethanol plants through increasing the product yield from 0.48 to 0.51.

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A Two Dimensional, Reaction-Diffusion Model Of Compost Piles, T Luangwilai, H Sidhu, M Nelson Dec 2012

A Two Dimensional, Reaction-Diffusion Model Of Compost Piles, T Luangwilai, H Sidhu, M Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

We consider the self heating process in a two dimensional spatially dependent model of a compost pile which incorporates terms that account for self heating due to both biological and oxidation mechanisms. As moisture is a crucial factor in both the degradation process and spontaneous ignition within a compost pile, this model consists of four mass-balance equations, namely, energy, oxygen, vapour and liquid water concentrations. Analyses are undertaken for different initial water contents within the compost pile. We show that when the water content is too low, the reaction is almost negligible; whereas when it is too high, the reaction …

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Monitoring Changes In Feral Swine Abundance And Spatial Distribution, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantine, Mark Nelson, John Woolard, Jean Bourassa Dec 2012

Monitoring Changes In Feral Swine Abundance And Spatial Distribution, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantine, Mark Nelson, John Woolard, Jean Bourassa

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Swine (Sus scrofa) have been introduced in many places throughout the world, and in many places they adversely affect the environment, economically impact agriculture, and/or harbor diseases transmittable to domestic livestock or humans. An easily applied method to assess their abundance is an important need for their management. To monitor efficacy of a swine control program in Florida, data from passive tracking plots provide an index of feral swine abundance. The same track data coupled with plot locations to numerically describe the spatial pattern of swine activity gave an index of pervasiveness, and a simple rate of interception of damage …

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A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor Models And Membrane Reactor Models To Process Industrial Wastewaters, Mark Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen, Easwaran Balakrishnan, Harvinder Sidhu Dec 2012

A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor Models And Membrane Reactor Models To Process Industrial Wastewaters, Mark Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen, Easwaran Balakrishnan, Harvinder Sidhu

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

No abstract provided.

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Autoignition Of Hydrocarbons In A Batch Reactor: Analysis Of A Reduced Model, Mark I. Nelson, E Balakrishnan Dec 2012

Autoignition Of Hydrocarbons In A Batch Reactor: Analysis Of A Reduced Model, Mark I. Nelson, E Balakrishnan

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

n the late 1960s Gray and Yang developed the first reduced kinetic model for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels that qualitatively described many features observed experimentally. Since then a number of reduced kinetic models have been proposed in the literature. In this contribution we analyse the steady-state behaviour of one such scheme. The chemical component of the model contains four chemical species undergoing six reactions. By making a pool-chemical approximation this system is reduced to three coupled non-linear differential equations: a temperature equation and equations for two reactive chemical intermediates. It is shown that any steady-state solution of this model …

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Barriers To Using Ict In Mathematics Teaching: Issues In Methodology, Rebecca Hudson, Anne L. Porter, Mark I. Nelson Dec 2012

Barriers To Using Ict In Mathematics Teaching: Issues In Methodology, Rebecca Hudson, Anne L. Porter, Mark I. Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

In this paper we examine the barriers to using ICT of secondary mathematics teachers in the classroom. The sample contained 114 mathematics teachers from public secondary schools in New South Wales (Australia). The instrument used in this study was a survey questionnaire mailed to secondary schools in the New South Wales Department of Education and Training. The questionnaire design is a closed-response with five open-ended questions. Results of the study showed that lack of access to computer labs is the number one barrier to using ICT in the classroom. But when a second analysis using a logistic regression analysis modeling …

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The Semenov Formulation Of The Biological Self-Heating Process In Compost Piles, Thiansiri Luangwilai, Harvinder Sidhu, M I. Nelson, X D. Chen Dec 2012

The Semenov Formulation Of The Biological Self-Heating Process In Compost Piles, Thiansiri Luangwilai, Harvinder Sidhu, M I. Nelson, X D. Chen

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

We formulate and investigate a uniformly distributed mathematical model (based upon Semenov's theory for thermal explosions) for the thermal response of cellulosic materials in compost piles. The model consists of a mass balance equation for oxygen, a heat balance equation, and incorporates the heat release due to biological activity within the pile. Biological heat generation is known to be present in most industrial processes handling large volumes of bulk organic materials. We utilise singularity theory to investigate the generic properties of the model, as well as to determine the locus of different singularities, namely the cusp, isola and double limit …

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A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor Models With Recycle Around Each Reactor Governed By Contois Kinetics. Iii. Two And Three Reactor Cascades, Rubayyi Alqahtani, Mark Nelson, Annette Worthy Dec 2012

A Fundamental Analysis Of Continuous Flow Bioreactor Models With Recycle Around Each Reactor Governed By Contois Kinetics. Iii. Two And Three Reactor Cascades, Rubayyi Alqahtani, Mark Nelson, Annette Worthy

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

The steady-state treatment of industrial wastewaters in a cascade reactor with recycle is analyzed. A number of cascades with alternative arrangements of the settling units are considered. Specifically, we consider the case when the recycle stream leaving a settling unit which is placed around a reactor goes back into the feed stream for that reactor. The Contois kinetic model is used to study the degradation of biodegradable organic materials. The steady-states for the model are found and their stability determined as a function of the total residence time in the cascade. Asymptotic solutions in the limit of large total residence …

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A Mathematical Model For The Biological Treatment Of Industrial Wastewater In A Reactor Cascade, Rubayyi Turki Alqahtani, Mark Nelson, Annette Worthy Dec 2012

A Mathematical Model For The Biological Treatment Of Industrial Wastewater In A Reactor Cascade, Rubayyi Turki Alqahtani, Mark Nelson, Annette Worthy

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Many industrial processes, particularly in the food industry, produce slurries or wastewaters containing high concentrations of biodegradable organic materials. Before these contaminated wastewaters can be discharged the concentration of the biodegradable organic pollutant must be reduced. One way to do this is to pass the wastewater through a bioreactor containing biomass which grows through consumption of the pollutant. Anaerobic conditions are often favoured for the processing of waste materials with high levels of biodegradable organic pollutants as these can be removed with low investment and operational costs. We investigate the steady state effluent concentration leaving a cascade of two reactors. …

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A Spatially Uniform Model Of Oxidative Self-Heating In Compost Piles, Mark Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen, Harvinder Sidhu Dec 2012

A Spatially Uniform Model Of Oxidative Self-Heating In Compost Piles, Mark Nelson, Xiao Dong Chen, Harvinder Sidhu

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

In this paper we model the thermal behaviour of compost heaps in the presence of micro-organism undergoing oxidative exothermic reactions. For simplicity we consider a spatially uniform model in which oxidative reactions of the cellulosic components is ignored. We use singularity theory to investigate the generic properties of the model. We show that there are two generic steady-state diagrams including one in which the temperature-response curve is the standard S-shaped curve familiar from combustion problems. Such a steady-state diagram contains an elevated temperature branch, which is the feature of practical interest in facilities such as industrial compost heaps and municipal …

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Theoretical Probing Of The Phenomenon Of The Formation Of The Outermost Surface Layer Of A Multi-Component Particle, And The Surface Chemical Composition After The Rapid Removal Of Water In Spray Drying, Mark Nelson, Harvinder Sidhu, X.D. Chen Dec 2012

Theoretical Probing Of The Phenomenon Of The Formation Of The Outermost Surface Layer Of A Multi-Component Particle, And The Surface Chemical Composition After The Rapid Removal Of Water In Spray Drying, Mark Nelson, Harvinder Sidhu, X.D. Chen

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Spray drying is a primary process for the manufacture of powders, which satisfy a vast array of societal demands in the areas of nutrition, health and medicine. The functionality of a spray-dried product begins with its incorporation into water (wetting followed by dispersion) Therefore, as its surface chemical composition and structure determine its first contact with water (that is, its hydrophilic nature), these are of prime concern. Laboratory studies on this first layer, which is in the order of several nm in depth from the surface, have been extensive but there is still a lack of a fundamental quantitative explanation …

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