Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Heavy Duty Truck Emissions (Presentation), Donald H. Stedman, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

The Recession Of 2008 And Its Impact On Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions In Three Western Us Cities, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

The global economic recession of 2008 - 2010 severely depressed light-duty vehicle sales in the United States. On-road fleets observed with a remote vehicle exhaust sensor in 2013 at three historical sampling locations in Denver, Los Angeles and Tulsa showed large reductions in the fleet fractions of 2009 model year vehicles of 40%, 38% and 35% respectively when compared to prerecession 2007 levels with the light-duty truck category suffering the largest percentage declines. The fleet fraction for these ~5 year old vehicles is normally reserved for vehicles more than twice their age. This resulted in a significant increase in the …

Statistical Analysis Of Sleep Patterns In Drosophila Melanogaster, Luyang Wang

Masters Theses

“Sleep is one of the most preserved and restorative behaviors of animals and is important in human health. Lack of sleep may cause numerous diseases. So the study of sleep rhythms is very essential and complicated. In order to simplify the process of studying sleep, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, is utilized as a model organism for several reasons. Some of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the circadian clock in the fruit fly were also found to generate similar cycles in mammals. In order to study sleep patterns in the fruit fly, experiments were designed and performed to …

The Efficacy Of Cybersecurity Regulation, David Thaw

Articles

Cybersecurity regulation presents an interesting quandary where, because private entities possess the best information about threats and defenses, legislatures do – and should – deliberately encode regulatory capture into the rulemaking process. This relatively uncommon approach to administrative law, which I describe as Management-Based Regulatory Delegation, involves the combination of two legislative approaches to engaging private entities' expertise. This Article explores the wisdom of those choices by comparing the efficacy of such private sector engaged regulation with that of a more traditional, directive mode of regulating cybersecurity adopted by the state legislatures. My analysis suggests that a blend of these …

Enlightened Regulatory Capture, David Thaw

Articles

Regulatory capture generally evokes negative images of private interests exerting excessive influence on government action to advance their own agendas at the expense of the public interest. There are some cases, however, where this conventional wisdom is exactly backwards. This Article explores the first verifiable case, taken from healthcare cybersecurity, where regulatory capture enabled regulators to harness private expertise to advance exclusively public goals. Comparing this example to other attempts at harnessing industry expertise reveals a set of characteristics under which regulatory capture can be used in the public interest. These include: 1) legislatively-mandated adoption of recommendations by an advisory …

Surveillance At The Source, David Thaw

Articles

Contemporary discussion concerning surveillance focuses predominantly on government activity. These discussions are important for a variety of reasons, but generally ignore a critical aspect of the surveillance-harm calculus – the source from which government entities derive the information they use. The source of surveillance data is the information "gathering" activity itself, which is where harms like "chilling" of speech and behavior begin.

Unlike the days where satellite imaging, communications intercepts, and other forms of information gathering were limited to advanced law enforcement, military, and intelligence activities, private corporations now play a dominant role in the collection of information about individuals' …

Investigation Of Angiogenic Effects Of Bioactive Borate Glass Microfibers And Beads In A Rodent Model, Richard Jeffrey Watters

Masters Theses

"The primary objective of this research project was to evaluate the effects of three different compositions of bioactive glass microfibers (45S5, 13-93B3, and 13-93B3Cu) and bioactive glass beads (13-93, 13-93B3, and 13-93B3Cu) on angiogenesis in subcutaneous tissue in the SKH1 'hairless' mouse. Microvascular responses to the bioactive glass implants were investigated via three experimental approaches: noninvasive vital imaging of microvasculature in dorsal skin windows; quantitative histomorphometry of microvascular densities; and quantitative PCR measurements of mRNA expression of pro-angiogenic cytokines VEGF and FGF-2. The live imaging of dorsal skin window preparations in the hairless SKH1 showed the formation of a halo-like …

A Remote Sensing Investigation Of Elevated Sub-Horizontal Topographic Surfaces In The Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma, Liang Xue

Masters Theses

"Multiple elevated horizontal to sub-horizontal topographic surfaces are present in the Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma. Elevated topographic surfaces, developed primarily on granite bedrock with gentle slopes of 0.5 to 7⁰,were investigated using 1) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) extracted from NAD 27 UTM coordinates, 2) Google Earth imagery, and 3) USGS topographic maps. In the western Wichita Mountains prominent topographic surfaces at elevations of 720 ± 5 m, 685 ± 5 m, and 660 ± 5 m are well preserved on at least four different mountains (e.g., Solder's Peak, King Mt.) and can be correlated with similar surfaces on at least seven …

An Empirical Study On Symptoms Of Heavier Internet Usage Among Young Adults, Saipreethi Vishwanathan

Masters Theses

"Understanding negative consequences of heavy Internet use on mental health is a topic that is gaining significant traction recently. A number of studies have investigated heavy Internet usage, especially among young adults in relation to online games, social media and email. While such studies do provide valuable insights, Internet usage so far has been characterized by means of self-reported surveys only that may suffer from errors and biases. In this paper, we report the findings of a two month empirical study on heavy Internet usage among students conducted at a college campus. The novelty of the study is that it …

Introduction To Neutrosophic Statistics, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic Statistics means statistical analysis of population or sample that has indeterminate (imprecise, ambiguous, vague, incomplete, unknown) data. For example, the population or sample size might not be exactly determinate because of some individuals that partially belong to the population or sample, and partially they do not belong, or individuals whose appurtenance is completely unknown. Also, there are population or sample individuals whose data could be indeterminate.

In this book, we develop the 1995 notion of neutrosophic statistics. We present various practical examples. It is possible to define the neutrosophic statistics in many ways, because there are various types of …

Pseudo Lattice Graphs And Their Applications To Fuzzy And Neutrosophic Models, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book for the first time authors introduce the concept of merged lattice, which gives a lattice or a graph. The resultant lattice or graph is defined as the pseudo lattice graph of type I. Here we also merge a graph with a lattice or two or more graphs which call as the pseudo lattice graph of type II. We merge either edges or vertices or both of a lattice and a graph or a lattice and a lattice or graph with itself. Such study is innovative and these mergings are adopted on all fuzzy and neutrosophic models which …

Soft Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures And Their Generalization - Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali, Muhammad Shabir

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book the authors introduced the notions of soft neutrosophic algebraic structures. These soft neutrosophic algebraic structures are basically defined over the neutrosophic algebraic structures which means a parameterized collection of subsets of the neutrosophic algebraic structure. For instance, the existence of a soft neutrosophic group over a neutrosophic group or a soft neutrosophic semigroup over a neutrosophic semigroup, or a soft neutrosophic field over a neutrosophic field, or a soft neutrosophic LA-semigroup over a neutrosophic LAsemigroup, or a soft neutosophic loop over a neutrosophic loop. It is interesting to note that these notions are defined over finite and …

The Efficient Use Of Supplementary Information In Finite Population Sampling, Florentin Smarandache, Rajesh Singh

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The purpose of writing this book is to suggest some improved estimators using auxiliary information in sampling schemes like simple random sampling, systematic sampling and stratified random sampling. This volume is a collection of five papers, written by nine co-authors (listed in the order of the papers): Rajesh Singh, Mukesh Kumar, Manoj Kr. Chaudhary, Cem Kadilar, Prayas Sharma, Florentin Smarandache, Anil Prajapati, Hemant Verma, and Viplav Kr. Singh. In first paper dual to ratio-cum-product estimator is suggested and its properties are studied. In second paper an exponential ratio-product type estimator in stratified random sampling is proposed and its properties are …

Collected Papers, Vol. V, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Distance In Matrices And Their Applications To Fuzzy Models And Neutrosophic Models, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of distance between any two m  n matrices. If the distance is 0 or m  n there is nothing interesting. When the distance happens to be a value t; 0 < t < m  n the study is both innovating and interesting. The three cases of study which is carried out in this book are 1. If the difference between two square matrices is large, will it imply the eigen values and eigen vectors of those matrices are distinct? Several open conjectures in this direction are given. 2. The difference between parity check matrix and the generator matrix for the same C(n, k) code is studied. This will help in detecting errors in storage systems as well as in cryptography.

Polarization Analyzed Small Angle Neutron Scattering Of Ferrite Nanoparticles, Kathryn Hasz

Honors Papers

Ferromagnetic nanoparticles offer a range of possible applications in nanotechnology, biomedical practices, and data storage, but important issues exist regarding their true magnetic structure. We have been investigating 9 nm diameter Fe3O4 nanoparticles and 11 nm diameter CoFe2O4 nanoparticles coated with an oleic acid shell. The nanoparticles were synthesized by solution chemistry methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction, SQUID, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Polarization Analyzed Small Angle Neutron Scattering (PASANS) was used under various temperatures and applied magnetic fields to investigate the magnetic structure of the particles. PASANS has revealed the iron oxide particles have a canted magnetic shell in …

Overtone Spectroscopy Of Hydrogen In Mof-5, Jocienne N. Nelson

Honors Papers

Metal-Organic Frameworks, or MOFs, are an exciting class of nanoporous crystalline materials with applications that include hydrogen storage and hydrogen isotope separation. The dynamics of adsorbed molecular hydrogen in the prototypical material known as MOF-5 have previously been studied using infrared spectroscopy. However, the rovibrational spectrum of the isotopologues, HD, and D2 were obscured due to overlap with the MOF peaks. Overtone infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with a diffuse reflectance geometry is used to observe the spectrum of H2, HD and D2. The overtone spectrum is shown to facilitate the identification of hydrogen peaks. Further, the spectrum of trapped H2 …

Inverted Linear Halbach Array For Separation Of Magnetic Nanoparticles, Chetan Poudel

Honors Papers

Magnetic nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties, making them appealing candidates for biomedical applications. These applications depend critically on size and magnetic uniformity of the nanoparticles. Unfortunately, very few purification methods exist to sort nanoparticles based on their magnetic properties. Here, we describe an unusual approach to this problem through our construction of a device containing a linear array of permanent magnets in a Halbach configuration, where successive magnet blocks have their magnetization orientation at right angles. The array provides a large region of relatively low magnetic field, yet high magnetic field gradient where sorting of nanoparticles based on …

Determining Impacts Of Mountain Lions On Bighorn Sheep And Other Prey Sources In The Black Hills, Joshua B. Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

From 2009 to 2013, we assessed cougar (Puma concolor) feeding habits and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) population dynamics in the Black Hills, South Dakota. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry to locate 1,506 cougar feeding events and found deer (Odocoileus spp.; 83%), primarily white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), dominated cougar diets. Overall ungulate kill rate averaged 0.79 ungulates/week (range = 0.13–1.75 ungulates/week), and was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in summer (xˉ = 0.92; SE = 0.06) than in winter (xˉ = 0.62; SE = 0.06). In contrast, biomass consumed was significantly higher (P = 0.033) in winter (xˉ = 8.23 kg/day; SE = 0.96) than in summer (xˉ = 5.45 kg/day; SE = 0.43), primarily as a result of increased scavenging (winter = 0.21 events/week; summer = 0.08 events/week), which represents the highest documented rate for cougar populations studied. We also documented a relatively high rate of chronic wasting disease- (CWD) infected elk in 2 cougar (1 male; 1 female) diets (64%; 95% CI = 50.3–78.3%) and speculate that CWD infection likely increased elk predation risk. Annual lamb survival was 0.02 (SE = 0.01) with pneumonia (36%) and predation (30%) the leading causes of mortality. We found pneumonia and predation were temporally heterogeneous with lambs most susceptible to predation during the first 2–3 weeks of life, while the greatest risk from pneumonia occurred from weeks 4–8. Annual ewe survival was 0.81 (SE = 0.04) with pneumonia (19%) and predation (19%) the leading causes of documented mortality; 48% were unknown. Additionally, we used vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) to assess capture efficiency and document parturition and neonate lamb bed site selection for bighorn sheep. We found successful VITs increased capture efficiency (95%) over unsuccessfully-vitted ewes (81%) and ewes not equipped with VITs (70%). Bighorn ewes selected for rugged terrain at both macro- and microhabitat scales, while at the macrohabitat scale ewes selected for areas that were close to perennial streams on south and west facing slopes and against anthropogenic disturbance. At the microhabitat scale, neonate lambs tended to select for greater cover and against north facing slopes.

Sustainability Of Sustainability: Exploring Alternatives In Alternative Energy, Corey C. Cooling

Honors Program Theses

In light of a gap in the literature of what makes or breaks student biodiesel conversion programs, this thesis will give a review and analysis of select existing biodiesel conversion programs and suggest a model reflecting the characteristics of successful student programs.

The study’s research questions are:

1. What are the common themes or factors successful programs exhibit?

2. What institutional factors create a productive environment for biodiesel programs?

3. Can the tactics of successful programs be generalized?

Firstly, I define successful programs as programs that are financially feasible, develop student skills, lower the environmental impact of universities and foster …

An Investigation Of Complex Systems In 16 Dimensions, Jordon M. Huffman

Theses and Dissertations

Sir Isaac Newton studied the world around him. He observed unexplainable phenomena that the math of his time could not prove. With the help of Gottfried Leibniz, he created infinitesimal calculus to prove his theories. The new concepts he created revolutionized science, and opened new realms of science previously unthought of. In 2002, Dr. Stephen Wolfram published A New Kind of Science, He argues that the processes of understanding cellular automata can be applied to other aspects of science. Dr. Rodrigo Obando of Columbus State University took Dr. Wolfram's work and dissected it. By breaking down the rules, he started …

Search For Gravitational Radiation From Intermediate Mass Black Hole Binaries In Data From The Second Ligo-Virgo Joint Science Run, J. Aasi, B. P. Abbott, H. Daveloza, S. R. Morriss, Soma Mukherjee, M. E. Normandin, O. Puncken, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, Robert Stone, Cristina V. Torres, G. Valdes

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper reports on an unmodeled, all-sky search for gravitational waves from merging intermediate mass black hole binaries (IMBHB). The search was performed on data from the second joint science run of the LIGO and Virgo detectors (July 2009–October 2010) and was sensitive to IMBHBs with a range up to ∼200 Mpc, averaged over the possible sky positions and inclinations of the binaries with respect to the line of sight. No significant candidate was found. Upper limits on the coalescence-rate density of nonspinning IMBHBs with total masses between 100 and 450 M⊙ and mass ratios between 0.25 and 1 were …

Unidirectional Lasing Emerging From Frozen Light In Nonreciprocal Cavities, Hamidreza Ramezani, S. Kalish, I. Vitebskiy, T. Kottos

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We introduce a class of unidirectional lasing modes associated with the frozen mode regime of nonreciprocal slow-wave structures. Such asymmetric modes can only exist in cavities with broken timereversal and space inversion symmetries. Their lasing frequency coincides with a spectral stationary inflection point of the underlying passive structure and is virtually independent of its size. These unidirectional lasers can be indispensable components of photonic integrated circuitry.

Communication Neutrosophic Routes, Florentin Smarandache, Ştefan Vlăduţescu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Any manifestation of life is a component of communication, it is crossed by a communication passage. People irrepressibly generate meanings. As structuring domain of meanings, communication is a place where meanings burst out volcanically. Manifestations of life are surrounded by a halo of communicational meanings. Human material and ideatic existence includes a great potential of communication in continuous extension. The human being crosses the path of or is at the intersection of different communicational thoroughfares. The life of human beings is a place of communication. Consequently, any cognitive or cogitative manifestation presents a route of communication. People consume their lives …

Fusion Of Masses Defined On Infinite Countable Frames Of Discernment, Florentin Smarandache, Arnaud Martin

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we introduce for the first time the fusion of information on infinite discrete frames of discernment and we give general results of the fusion of two such masses using the Dempster’s rule and the PCR5 rule for Bayesian and non-Bayesian cases.

New Operations Over Interval Valued Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy Set, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Hesitancy is the most common problem in decision making, for which hesitant fuzzy set can be considered as a useful tool allowing several possible degrees of membership of an element to a set. Recently, another suitable means were defined by Zhiming Zhang [1], called interval valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets, dealing with uncertainty and vagueness, and which is more powerful than the hesitant fuzzy sets. In this paper, four new operations are introduced on interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets and several important properties are also studied.

A Generalized Family Of Estimators For Estimating Population Mean Using Two Auxiliary Attributes, Sachin Malik, Rajesh Singh, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the finite population mean when some information on two auxiliary attributes are available. A class of estimators is defined which includes the estimators recently proposed by Malik and Singh (2012), Naik and Gupta (1996) and Singh et al. (2007) as particular cases. It is shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual mean estimator and other existing estimators. The study is also extended to two-phase sampling. The results have been illustrated numerically by taking empirical population considered in the literature.

On Crittenden And Vanden Eynden's Conjecture, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

It is possible to cover all (positive) integers with n geometrical progressions of integers? Find a necessary and sufficient condition for a general class of positive integer sequences such that, for a fixed n , there are n (distinct) sequences of this class which cover all integers.

The Fifth Function Of University: “Neutrosophic E-Function” Of Communication-Collaboration-Integration Of University In The Information Age, Florentin Smarandache, Stefan Vladutescu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The study is based on the following hypothesis with practical foundation: - Premise 1 - if two members of university on two continents meet on the Internet and initiate interdisciplinary scientific communication; - Premise 2 - subsequently, if within the curricular interests they develop an academic scientific collaboration; - Premise 3 - if the so-called collaboration integrates the interests of other members of the university; - Premise 4 - finally, if the university allows, accepts, validates and promotes such an approach; - Conclusion: then it means the university as a system (the global academic system) has, and it is, exerting …

Further Generalization Of N-D Distance And N-D Dependent Function In Extenics, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Prof. Cai Wen [1] defined the 1-D Distance and 1-D Dependent Function in 1983. F. Smarandache [6] generalized them to n-D Distance and n-D Dependent Function respectively in 2012 during his postdoc research at Guangdong University of Technology in Guangzhou. O. I. Şandru [7] extended the last results in 2013. Now [2015], as a further generalization, we unify all these results into a single formula for the n-D Distance and respectively for the n-D Dependent Function.