Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Operadores Con Conjunto Neutrosóficos De Valor Único Oversets, Undersets Y Offset, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and Logic were defined for the first time in 1995 and published in 2007. During 1995-2016 was presented them to various national and international conferences and seminars. These new notions are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. We extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, to Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is < 0}, and to Neutrosophic Offset {when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise since our realworld has numerous examples and applications of over-/under-/off-neutrosophic components. Palabras clave. desbordado neutrosophic, underset neutrosophic, neutrosophic offset, neutrosophic sobre la lógica, neutrosophic bajo la lógica, neutrosophic off lógica, neutrosophic sobre la probabilidad, neutrosophic bajo probabilidad, neutrosophic de probabilidad, más de miembros (grado de pertenencia> 1), bajo de miembros (grado de pertenencia <0) , (grado de pertenencia fuera del intervalo [0, 1]) offmembership.

Neutrosophic Computing With Sympy (Computación Neutrosófica Mediante Sympy ), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this article the concept of neutrosophic number is presented. Jupyter through Google Colaboratory is introduced for calculations. The Sympy library is used to perform the process of neutrosophic computation. Systems of linear neutrosóficas equations are solved by means of the symbolic computation in python. A case study was developed for the determination of vehicular traffic with indeterminacy. As future works are the development of new applications in different areas of engineering and science.

N-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Logic And Its Applications To Physics (Lógica Neutrosófica Refinada N-Valuada Y Sus Aplicaciones A La Física), Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic, also from the Kleene’s and Lukasiewicz’ 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap’s 4-symbol valued logic to the most general nsymbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic. Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section. Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set, and respectively.

Neutrosophic Computing And Machine Learning, Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

La neutrosofía es una nueva rama de la filosofía la cual estudia el origen, naturaleza y alcance de las neutralidades, así como sus interacciones con diferentes espectros ideacionales: (A) es una idea, proposición, teoría, evento, concepto o entidad; anti (A) es el opuesto de (A); y (neut-A) significa ni (A) ni anti (A), es decir, la neutralidad entre los dos extremos. Etimológicamente neutron-sofía [Frances neutre < Latin neuter, neutral, y griego sophia, conocimiento] significa conocimiento de los pensamiento neutrales y comenzó en 1995. Su teoría fundamental afirma que toda idea < A > tiende a ser neutralizada, disminuida, balaceada por las ideas (no solo como Hegel planteó)- como un estado de equilibrio.

Assessing The Effects Of Chemical Mixtures Using A Bayesian Network-Relative Risk Model (Bn- Rrm) Integrating Adverse Outcome Pathways (Aops) In Four Watersheds, Valerie R. Chu

WWU Graduate School Collection

Chemical mixtures are difficult to assess at the individual scale and are more challenging at the population scale. I have conducted a regional-scale ecological risk assessment by evaluating the effects of chemical mixtures on populations with a Bayesian Network- Relative Risk Model (BN-RRM) in four Washington state watersheds (Skagit, Nooksack, Cedar and Yakima). Organophosphate pesticides (diazinon, malathion and chlorpyrifos) were chosen as the chemical stressors and the Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) were chosen as the population endpoint. Laboratory tests found that organophosphate pesticide mixtures act synergistically and impair acetylcholinesterase activity. Exposure-response equations for …

Generative Processes For Audification, Judith Jackson

Honors Papers

Using the JavaSerial library, I present a generative method for the digital signal processing technique of audification. By analyzing multiple test instances produced by this method, I demonstrate that a generative audification process can be precise and easily controlled. The parameters tested in this experiment cause explicit, one-to-one changes in the resulting audio of each test instance.

Comparing Two Thickened Cycles: A Generalization Of Spectral Inequalities, Hannah E. Pieper

Honors Papers

Motivated by an effort to simplify the Watts-Strogatz model for small-world networks, we generalize a theorem concerning interlacing inequalities for the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacians of two graphs differing by a single edge. Our generalization allows weighted edges and certain instances of self loops. These inequalities were first proved by Chen et. al in [2] but our argument generalizes the simplified argument given by Li in [8].

Testing The Production Of Scintillation Arcs With The Pulsar B1133+16, Stella Koch Ocker

Honors Papers

Pulsars are extremely dense, highly magnetized stars that emit pulses of radio emission every millisecond or so. The arrival times of their radio signals at Earth observatories can be used as a clock precise enough to detect gravitational waves. Performing such a detection requires the mitigation of interference effects from the interstellar medium: the slightly ionized, mostly hydrogen gas that the radio waves traverse as they travel from the pulsar to Earth. We investigate radio wave delays using a powerful tool: scintillation arcs, fluctuations in frequency and time of the pulsar signal intensity that are manifested as parabolic arcs in …

Hydrogen Isotope Separation In Metal-Organic Frameworks, Naiyuan Zhang

Honors Papers

In this thesis we present our research on hydrogen isotope separation using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Deuterium is one of the two stable isotopes of hydrogen. Despite its wide range of application, currently there is no ideal industrial method that can separate deuterium in a fast and efficient fashion. MOFs are a class of porous materials consisting of metal ions or clusters connected by organic ligands. They have shown great potential in separating hydrogen isotopes via quantum sieving effect. In this thesis, we first provide background on two state-of-art MOFs, Co-MOF-74 and Cu(I)-MFU-4l. Then we elaborate on the statistical theory of …

การพัฒนากระบวนการขัดตกแต่งเพื่อการปรับปรุงความเป็นระนาบของผิวผ้าเบรก, ศวิตา ฉายสกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ศึกษาผลกระทบของปัจจัยในกระบวนการขัดตกแต่ง ได้แก่ ความลึกการตัด พื้นที่ผิวผ้าเบรก และความเร็วในการป้อนชิ้นงาน ต่อความลาดเอียงของผ้าเบรกไร้ใยหินหลังจากทำการขัดตกแต่งด้วยเครื่องขัดตกแต่งแบบแมนวลด้วยเงื่อนไขการขัดตกแต่งที่แตกต่างกันโดยใช้ การออกแบบการทดลองแบบแฟคทอเรียลเต็มรูปแบบ 3 ตัวแปร ตัวแปรละ 3 ระดับ ได้แก่ พื้นที่หน้าตัดชิ้นงานที่ 2602 5948 และ 7568 ตารางมิลลิเมตร ความลึกในการตัดที่ 0.5 1 และ 1.5 มิลลิเมตร และความเร็วในการป้อนชิ้นงานที่ 9.5 11.5 และ 15.5 รอบต่อนาที ความลาดเอียงของผ้าเบรกถูกวัดค่าออกมาด้วยเครื่องไดอัลเกจและนำมาวิเคราะห์ผลการทดลองทางสถิติ และวิเคราะห์การส่งผลกระทบด้วยกราฟผลกระทบหลักและผลกระทบร่วม พบว่าทุกปัจจัยยกเว้นผลกระทบร่วมของความลึกในการตัดกับความเร็วในการป้อนล้วนส่งผลกระทบต่อความลาดเอียง โดยการเปลี่ยนแปลงขนาดพื้นที่หน้าตัดเป็นปัจจัยที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อความลาดเอียงมากที่สุด นอกจากนี้ยังได้มีการศึกษาผลกระทบของความแข็งวัสดุเคมีที่แตกต่างกันต่อความลาดเอียง พบว่า ในชิ้นงานที่มีความแข็ง 60 90 และ 100 HRR ค่าความลาดเอียงไม่ได้มีความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับความเชื่อมั่นร้อยละ 95 ทั้งนี้ นอกเหนือจากการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางสถิติ ยังได้มีการวิเคราะห์ความลาดเอียงด้วยวิธีทางกราฟิกผ่านการสร้างรูปจำลองด้วยโปรแกรม MATLAB พบว่าผลความลาดเอียงจากการสร้างรูปจำลองสอดคล้องกับผลการทดลองทางสถิติ

Physical Chemistry Of Gas-Liquid Interfaces: Foreword, Jennifer Faust

All Faculty Articles

Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces, the first volume in the Developments in Physical & Theoretical Chemistry series, addresses the physical chemistry of gas transport and reactions across liquid surfaces. Gas-liquid interfaces are all around us, especially within atmospheric systems such as sea spray aerosols, cloud droplets, and the surface of the ocean. Because the reaction environment at liquid surfaces is completely unlike bulk gas or bulk liquid, chemists must readjust their conceptual framework when entering this field. This book provides the necessary background in thermodynamics and computational and experimental techniques for scientists to obtain a thorough understanding of the …

Fabrication And Mechanical Properties Of Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle Arrays For Transdermal Drug Delivery, Teeranut Rutwaree

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Dissolvable microneedles have been widely investigated as an alternative of hypodermic injection or other drug delivery methods. Various polymers have been used to fabricate microneedles. Type of polymers affects mechanical properties and dissolution rate of microneedles. In this study, five formulations of hyaluronic acid (HA)/ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite microneedle patches (HA/PVP at 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/50, 0/100) were fabricated. The crosslinked HA microneedles were also fabricated. Mechanical properties of the obtained microneedles were determined by universal testing machine and durometer. The skin-penetration ability and dissolution rate of HA/PVP microneedles were also investigated using porcine skin. The results show that microneedle …

An Approach For Formal Analysis Of The Security Of A Water Treatment Testbed, Sai Sidharth Patlolla

Masters Theses

"This thesis focuses on securing critical infrastructures such as chemical plants, manufacturing units, and power generating plants against attacks that disrupt the information flow from one component to another. Such systems are controlled by an Industrial Control System (ICS) that includes controllers communicating with each other, and with physical sensors and actuators, using a communications network.

Traditional security models partition the security universe into two worlds, secure and insecure, but in the real world the partitions often overlap and information is leaked even through the physical observation which makes it much harder to analyze a Cyber physical system (CPS). To …

A Network Tomography Approach For Traffic Monitoring In Smart Cities, Ruoxi Zhang

Masters Theses

"Various urban planning and managing activities required by a Smart City are feasible because of traffic monitoring. As such, the thesis proposes a network tomography-based approach that can be applied to road networks to achieve a cost-efficient, flexible, and scalable monitor deployment. Due to the algebraic approach of network tomography, the selection of monitoring intersections can be solved through the use of matrices, with its rows representing paths between two intersections, and its columns representing links in the road network. Because the goal of the algorithm is to provide a cost-efficient, minimum error, and high coverage monitor set, this problem …

Evaluating Microgrid Effectiveness In Transitioning Energy Portfolios, Jacob Marshal Hale

Masters Theses

"Microgrid energy systems have emerged as a potential solution to rising greenhouse gas emissions from dependence on fossil fuels. This research provides a framework for evaluating the utility of microgrids. Three key findings are presented: use of a state-of-the-art matrix (SAM) analysis to identify gaps in key research areas that inhibit wide-spread microgrid adoption, development of a system dynamics (SD) model, and a cost benefit analysis case study to evaluate microgrid feasibility in partially meeting the energy demand of a building. Governments play a central role in developing clean energy strategies. A SAM was developed to determine if key microgrid …

Reprocessing Of 3c-2d Seismic Reflection Data From The Spring Coulee Field, Alberta, Yasin Demir

Masters Theses

"The 3C-2D seismic datasets were acquired in 2008 in the Spring Coulee Field, Alberta, which is located in Township 4, Range 23, and west of the 4th Meridian in the Alberta Basin. Line 2008-SC-01 was reprocessed to obtain better image of the formation targeted at between 1300 ms and 1400 ms. The depositional settings of the Madison Formation consist of shallow and carbonate shelf deposits. The processing workflow was designed by testing several methods, algorithms, and parameters, and finding the optimal processing solution. The processing steps included elevation statics, noise suppression, deconvolution operator, and 2D Kirchhoff poststack time migration. In …

Analyzing Sensor Based Human Activity Data Using Time Series Segmentation To Determine Sleep Duration, Yogesh Deepak Lad

Masters Theses

"Sleep is the most important thing to rest our brain and body. A lack of sleep has adverse effects on overall personal health and may lead to a variety of health disorders. According to Data from the Center for disease control and prevention in the United States of America, there is a formidable increase in the number of people suffering from sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, hypersomnia and many more. Sleep disorders can be avoided by assessing an individual's activity over a period of time to determine the sleep pattern and duration. The sleep pattern and duration can be …

Customized Multi-Group Cross Section Generation With Njoy For Discrete Ordinates Computed Tomography And Radiography Simulation, Steven Michael Wagstaff

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this work was to explore the creation of photoatomic multi-group cross section libraries to be used with a software package DOCTORS (Discrete Ordinates Computed TOmography and Radiography Simulator). This software solves the linear Boltzmann equation using the discrete ordinates method [1]. To create these libraries, NJOY2016 was used, creating both fine and broad energy multi-group cross section files. The cross section's accuracy was tested against an equivalent Monte Carlo simulation using MCNP6.

Two simulation geometries were used. The first, a cylindrical water phantom with a single source projection placed in front, simulating an X-ray radiography. The second …

Conical Folds -- An Artifact Of Using Simple Geometric Shapes To Describe A Complex Geologic Structure, Avery Joseph Welker

Masters Theses

"Accurate representation of the 3D shapes of natural folds is essential to characterization of the dynamic models for fold formation. Geometrical analysis of folds commonly relies upon analyzing patterns defined by the variation in the orientation of poles to planar surfaces deformed by a shortening event when plotted using graphical calculators (e.g., stereogram, polar tangent diagrams) to interpret the shape of folds. Stereograms for which orientation data define small circles are classified as non-cylindrical regular folds and are interpreted as "conical folds," where the shape of the fold is represented by a cone that terminates at a point. Utilizing similar …

Mixed-Criticality Real-Time Task Scheduling With Graceful Degradation, Samsil Arefin

Masters Theses

”The mixed-criticality real-time systems implement functionalities of different degrees of importance (or criticalities) upon a shared platform. In traditional mixed-criticality systems, under a hi mode switch, no guaranteed service is provided to lo-criticality tasks. After a mode switch, only hi-criticality tasks are considered for execution while no guarantee is made to the lo-criticality tasks. However, with careful optimistic design, a certain degree of service guarantee can be provided to lo-criticality tasks upon a mode switch. This concept is broadly known as graceful degradation. Guaranteed graceful degradation provides a better quality of service as well as it utilizes the system resource …

The Green Bank Northern Celestial Cap Pulsar Survey. Ii. The Discovery And Timing Of 10 Pulsars, A. M. Kawash, M. A. Mclaughlin, D. L. Kaplan, M. E. Decesar, L. Levin, D. R. Lorimer, R. S. Lynch, K. Stovall, J. K. Swiggum, E. Fonseca, A. M. Archibald, S. Banaszak, C. M. Biwer, J. Boyles, B. Cui, L. P. Dartez, D. Day, S. Ernst, A. J. Ford, J. Flanigan, S. A. Heatherly, J. W.T. Hessels, J. Hinojosa, F. A. Jenet, C. Karako-Argaman, V. M. Kaspi, V. I. Kondratiev, S. Leake, G. Lunsford, J. G. Martinez

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present timing solutions for 10 pulsars discovered in 350 MHz searches with the Green Bank Telescope. Nine of these were discovered in the Green Bank Northern Celestial Cap survey and one was discovered by students in the Pulsar Search Collaboratory program during an analysis of drift-scan data. Following the discovery and confirmation with the Green Bank Telescope, timing has yielded phase-connected solutions with high-precision measurements of rotational and astrometric parameters. Eight of the pulsars are slow and isolated, including PSR J0930-2301, a pulsar with a nulling fraction lower limit of ∼30% and a nulling timescale of seconds to minutes. …

The Origin Of The First Neutron Star - Neutron Star Merger, K. Belczynski, A. Askar, M. Arca-Sedda, M. Chruslinska, M. Donnari, M. Giersz, M. Benacquista, R. Spurzem, D. Jin, G. Wiktorowicz, D. Belloni

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The first neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS) merger was discovered on August 17, 2017 through gravitational waves (GW170817) and followed with electromagnetic observations. This merger was detected in an old elliptical galaxy with no recent star formation. We perform a suite of numerical calculations to understand the formation mechanism of this merger. We probe three leading formation mechanisms of double compact objects: classical isolated binary star evolution, dynamical evolution in globular clusters, and nuclear cluster formation to test whether they are likely to produce NS-NS mergers in old host galaxies. Our simulations with optimistic assumptions show current NS-NS merger rates at …

Fundamentals Of Neutrosophic Logic And Sets And Their Role In Artificial Intelligence (Fundamentos De La Lógica Y Los Conjuntos Neutrosóficos Y Su Papel En La Inteligencia Artificial ), Florentin Smarandache, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy which studies the origin, nature and scope of neutralities. This has formed the basis for a series of mathematical theories that generalize the classical and fuzzy theories such as the neutrosophic sets and the neutrosophic logic. In the paper, the fundamental concepts related to neutrosophy and its antecedents are presented. Additionally, fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence will be defined and how neutrosophy has come to strengthen this discipline.

Interactive Effects Of Ocean Acidification And Ocean Warming On Pacific Herring (Clupea Pallasi) Early Life Stages, Cristina Villalobos

WWU Graduate School Collection

The synergy of ocean acidification and ocean warming may lead to negative effects in marine organism responses that would be absent under single stressors. While adult fish are effective acid-base regulators, early life stages may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. Pacific herring are ecologically and economically important forage fish native to the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW), and several herring populations in the PNW have experienced reductions in stock abundance. Studies to date have focused on Atlantic herring, and little is known about the response of Pacific herring to ocean acidification and warming. Therefore, this study focused on the combined …

Catalytic Enantioselective Birch–Heck Sequence For The Synthesis Of Tricyclic Structures With All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters, Andrew T. Krasley, William Paul Malachowski, Hannah M. Terz, Sabrina Tran Tien

Chemistry Faculty Research and Scholarship

A new enantioselective desymmetrizing Mizoroki–Heck reaction is reported. The process affords high yields and enantioselectivities of tricyclic structures containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. The substrates for the reaction are efficiently synthesized from Birch reduction–alkylation of benzoic acid and benzoate esters.

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase And Its Therapeutic Inhibition In Cancer, George C. Prendergast, William Paul Malachowski, Arpita Mondal, Peggy Scherle, Alexander J. Muller

Chemistry Faculty Research and Scholarship

The tryptophan catabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) has attracted enormous attention in driving cancer immunosuppression, neovascularization, and metastasis. IDO1 suppresses local CD8 + T effector cells and natural killer cells and induces CD4 + T regulatory cells (iTreg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The structurally distinct enzyme tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO) also has been implicated recently in immune escape and metastatic progression. Lastly, emerging evidence suggests that the IDO1-related enzyme IDO2 may support IDO1-mediated iTreg and contribute to B-cell inflammed states in certain cancers. IDO1 and TDO are upregulated widely in neoplastic cells but also variably in stromal, endothelial, and innate …

Temporal And Geochemical Signatures In Granitoids Of Northwestern Nevada: Evidence For The Continuity Of The Mesozoic Magmatic Arc Through The Western Great Basin, Kenneth L. Brown, William K. Hart, Richard J. Stuck

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Granitoid magmatism in the Basin and Range Province of northwestern Nevada remains an important gap in our understanding of the along-strike variability of Mesozoic Cordilleran arc systems. We present a comprehensive investigation on a suite of intrusions within the Santa Rosa Range (SRR) and Bloody Run Hills (BRH) of northwestern Nevada. Petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb geochronology indicate two distinct magmatic systems in the SRR: an older, mafic, and metaluminous pulse (Santa Rosa/Andorno [SRA] group—ca. 102–100 Ma) and a younger, felsic, and peraluminous pulse (Granite Peak/Sawtooth [GPS] group—ca. 94–92 Ma). Within the BRH to the south, the Flynn (ca. …

Spatiotemporal Evolution Of Land Subsidence In The Beijing Plain 2003–2015 Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (Psi) With Multi-Source Sar Data, Chaodong Zhou, Huili Gong, Youquan Zhang, Timothy A. Warner, Cong Wang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Land subsidence is one of the most important geological hazards in Beijing, China, and its scope and magnitude have been growing rapidly over the past few decades, mainly due to long-term groundwater withdrawal. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used to monitor the deformation in Beijing, but there is a lack of analysis of the long-term spatiotemporal evolution of land subsidence. This study focused on detecting and characterizing spatiotemporal changes in subsidence in the Beijing Plain by using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and geographic spatial analysis. Land subsidence during 2003–2015 was monitored by using ENVISAT ASAR (2003–2010), RADARSAT-2 (2011–2015) …

An Adjunction Formula For The Emerton-Jacquet Functor, John Bergdall, Przemyslaw Chojecki

Mathematics Faculty Research and Scholarship

The Emerton–Jacquet functor is a tool for studying locally analytic representations of p-adic Lie groups. It provides a way to access the theory of p-adic automorphic forms. Here we give an adjunction formula for the Emerton–Jacquet functor, relating it directly to locally analytic inductions, under a strict hypothesis that we call non-critical. We also further study the relationship to socles of principal series in the non-critical setting.

Slopes Of Modular Forms And The Ghost Conjecture, Ii, John Bergdall, Robert Pollack

Mathematics Faculty Research and Scholarship

In a previous article we constructed an entire power series over -adic weight space (the ghost series) and conjectured, in the -regular case, that this series encodes the slopes of overconvergent modular forms of any -adic weight. In this paper, we construct abstract ghost series which can be associated to various natural subspaces of overconvergent modular forms. This abstraction allows us to generalize our conjecture to, for example, the case of slopes of overconvergent modular forms with a fixed residual representation that is locally reducible at . Ample numerical evidence is given for this new conjecture. Further, we prove …