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2019

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Articles 631 - 660 of 15926

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Reaction Force Of Ship Bearing Including Multi Factors, Shengdong Zhang, Xiuying Yang Dec 2019

Reaction Force Of Ship Bearing Including Multi Factors, Shengdong Zhang, Xiuying Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Since the variety and complexity of the stern bearing's operational environment and working conditions, the stern bearing load has uncertainty characters. The mathematical model of uncertainty reaction force of bearing is established including multiple random factors by using the stochastic theory; the uncertainty calculation method is formulated; and the calculation example is put forward to verify the validity of the theoretical model. The influence law among multi factors such as hull deformation, propeller hydrodynamic vertical force and bearing wear is revealed for the uncertainty reaction force of ship stern bearing by taking a large container ship as example. …


Concurrent Conflict Control Method Of "Multi-Rights+Operation Queues" Based On Cpn Tools, Zhili Zhang, Yunrong Zhang, Shixin Ma Dec 2019

Concurrent Conflict Control Method Of "Multi-Rights+Operation Queues" Based On Cpn Tools, Zhili Zhang, Yunrong Zhang, Shixin Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: There are problems with concurrent control methods such as operation rights + timestamp, for example, the role of each maintenance worker cannot be played. The concurrent control method of multiple rights and operation queues can solve this problem. The working principles of the important function modules of this method are discussed, and the operation method of the process flow chart and colored Petri net is given. The data are simulated by the CPN Tools for the entire process. Simulation results show that this method can ensure the operation fairness of the low maintenance personnel, and make every maintenance staff …


Design And Implementation Of Parallel Central Securities Trading Simulation System, Guangbin Xu Dec 2019

Design And Implementation Of Parallel Central Securities Trading Simulation System, Guangbin Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Chinese securities market has become a worldly very important finance pricing center. As the core facilities of the markets, the central securities trading systems of stock exchanges have been upgraded continually. Both Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges currently adopt the third-generation central securities trading systems to support respective business requirements, which are both based on the advanced parallel processing paradigm. To support various securities trading simulation experiments of the Chinese markets, referring to NGTS, the central trading system currently-used by Shanghai Stock Exchange, a PC-based simulation system is designed and implemented, which can support full market data distribution and …


Low-Cost Hardware-In-The-Loop Flight Simulation System, Chuanyan Tian, Junzhao Hu, Jikui Liu, Qianlong Yang Dec 2019

Low-Cost Hardware-In-The-Loop Flight Simulation System, Chuanyan Tian, Junzhao Hu, Jikui Liu, Qianlong Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is an effective way and experimental method to evaluate and verify the performance of the aircraft system. To satisfy the requirements of real-time, scalability, high reliability simulation of a certain aircraft control system, a new design of low-cost hardware-in-the-loop real-time scene simulation system consisted of IPC, DSP, three-axis turntable, steering engine and visual simulation computer was put forward. Real-time simulation system software composed by flight control simulation module, aircraft movement simulation module and scene simulation module was implemented, and it resolved the difficulties in real-time, data synchronization, multiple node communication of simulation system. Comparison with …


Multi-Source Precipitation Data Fusion Method Based On Filtersim, Kunwei Li, You Xiong, Zhang Xin, Fen Tang Dec 2019

Multi-Source Precipitation Data Fusion Method Based On Filtersim, Kunwei Li, You Xiong, Zhang Xin, Fen Tang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Rainfall is an important factor affecting the vehicle off-road maneuver. High-precision rainfall data is a prerequisite for evaluating battlefield off-road traffic capacity quantitatively and developing a program of action reasonably. In view of the shortcomings of traditional interpolation methods, the flitersim multi-point statistical method is used to improve the fusion accuracy of multi-source precipitation data. The rainfall is decomposed into the sum of the local mean and the local residual, the local residuals of the satellite precipitation data are used as the "training data", the local residual data of the weather stations are used as the "hard data", and …


Review Of Simulation Model Validation Methods, Li Wei, Yuchen Zhou, Shenglin Lin, Ma Ping, Yang Ming Dec 2019

Review Of Simulation Model Validation Methods, Li Wei, Yuchen Zhou, Shenglin Lin, Ma Ping, Yang Ming

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Modeling and simulation has become an important way to cognize and research objective world, and the credibility of simulation models is the premise and basics for carrying out simulation activities. The ever-increasing complexity of the simulation objects and demands of simulation applications for users lead to a great challenge in validation of complex simulation model, which characterize a variety of complex features. This paper aims to summarize the concepts and development of simulation model validation, classify existing validation methods, analysis the applicable conditions of these methods and provide a brief review of some new validation methods. Furthermore, some emerging …


Credible Optimum Selection Of Guidance System Simulation Based On Entropy Weight Vikor Method, Wenguang Yang, Yunjie Wu Dec 2019

Credible Optimum Selection Of Guidance System Simulation Based On Entropy Weight Vikor Method, Wenguang Yang, Yunjie Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: As the core component of the missile system, the guidance system plays an increasingly important role in the design of missile system. In order to improve the accuracy of the guidance system, this paper obtains the experimental data under a number of parameter design schemes by means of simulation experiments. The problem of simulation credibility verification of guidance system is transformed into multi-attribute decision-making optimization problem, and a parameter optimization method of guidance system based on improved VIKOR method is designed. The improved VIKOR method overcomes the phenomenon of rank reversal and ensures that the optimal final compromise solution …


Simulation Of Helicopter Anti-Submarine Route Planning, Zhu Zhi, Yonglin Lei, Yifan Zhu Dec 2019

Simulation Of Helicopter Anti-Submarine Route Planning, Zhu Zhi, Yonglin Lei, Yifan Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Simulation of helicopter anti-submarine tactics not only requires pure theory analysis, but also needs an efficient simulation system support. Current anti-submarine tactics in the search phase include the use of dipping sonar and sonobuoys. A simulation case is designed based on equipment on service; the evaluation of above tactics on helix square, parallel round, and line spread using dipping sonar is presented. The tactics on the circle, square, and triangle using sonobuoys are evaluated as well. It shows that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of simulation application development, so as to meet the requirements of simulation-based military …


Multi-Agent Simulation Model Of Urban Safety Livability Change, Lihu Pan, Xiaowen Li, Shipeng Qin, Yingjun Zhang, Huimin Yan Dec 2019

Multi-Agent Simulation Model Of Urban Safety Livability Change, Lihu Pan, Xiaowen Li, Shipeng Qin, Yingjun Zhang, Huimin Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Urban livability is an important factor for the decision of modern urban construction. Based on the multi-agent modeling theory, a model for the change of urban livability is proposed, so as to analyze the present situation and changing trend of urban livability in complex urban system. Taking safety as an example, five environmental indicators of public security, fire protection, traffic, emergency response and residence are given. The interactive dynamic feedback mechanism between residents' decision-making behavior and urban safety livability under the influence of the five indicators and policies is provided, and the residents' decision-making simulation of urban safety livability …


Single-Phase Grounding Fault Location In Wind Farm Based On Zero-Sequence Current, Yanyan Zheng, Yongli Zhu, Tongtong Liu, Shanshan Su Dec 2019

Single-Phase Grounding Fault Location In Wind Farm Based On Zero-Sequence Current, Yanyan Zheng, Yongli Zhu, Tongtong Liu, Shanshan Su

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The wind power system is different from the conventional transmission system, and its collecting line contains multi sections of cable. The collecting line of wind farm adopts overhead line-power cable hybrid transmission form, and its distance is about 3~20km. Wind farm 35kV neutral point grounding method is different from the conventional distribution network, and its neutral point adopts the winding grounding transformer. In hybrid transmission lines, due to the different velocities of traveling wave in power cable and overhead line, the traditional location algorithm for uniform transmission line is not suitable. A new method of single-phase to grounding fault …


Cooperative Control Technology Of Networked Autonomous Driving Vehicle Based On Delay Compensation, Zhengze Zhu, Haiying Zhou, Yongzhi Fu, Zhou Kui, Sishan Wang, Jiayuan Gong, Sihao Deng, Kunming Hou Dec 2019

Cooperative Control Technology Of Networked Autonomous Driving Vehicle Based On Delay Compensation, Zhengze Zhu, Haiying Zhou, Yongzhi Fu, Zhou Kui, Sishan Wang, Jiayuan Gong, Sihao Deng, Kunming Hou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In view of the disordered and lost packets problems in intelligent transportation system, this paper studies the cooperative control technology of autonomous driving vehicle and proposes an autonomous platoon-driving model based on Zero Order Hold (ZOH) information processing mechanism. A dedicated nonlinear state estimation algorithm is used to compensate for the delay so the platoon-driving model remains valid under the complex vehicle driving environments. A real autonomous driving platoon is tested in a vehicle proving ground for cooperative driving. The analysis of the experimental data and simulation results based on the real networked autonomous driving system verified the stability, …


Numerical Simulation Of Steady Flow Performance Of Venturi Tube Based On Fluent, Fuyu Liu, Xiaodong Hu, Zhixi Liang, Qinglei Liu Dec 2019

Numerical Simulation Of Steady Flow Performance Of Venturi Tube Based On Fluent, Fuyu Liu, Xiaodong Hu, Zhixi Liang, Qinglei Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The cavitation flow performances of a given Venturi tube were studied to get the steady flow curve and predict the cavitation region based on the realizable k-ε turbulence model and Zwart (Zwart-Gerber-Belamri) cavitation model under the designed conditions with FLUENT software. The throat diameters D of the Venturi tube were chosen as 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 9mm respectively; and the distances L between the throat and the entrance were 60mm,40mm and 20mm respectively. It can be concluded that: (1) The phenomenon of hydraulic cavitation is the main reason for the steady flow of Venturi tubes; (2) Throat diameter affects …


Research On Real-Time Simulation Platform Architecture Based On Multi-Core Scheduling, Jiahui Tong, Liu Jin, Jinyuan Zhang, Yongxiang Zhang Dec 2019

Research On Real-Time Simulation Platform Architecture Based On Multi-Core Scheduling, Jiahui Tong, Liu Jin, Jinyuan Zhang, Yongxiang Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the development of weapon equipment and support training system, new requirements are added to architecture of simulation platform. Considering the overall architecture, hardware architecture and software system, combining the requirement of experiment and training, a real-time simulation platform architecture with network and distributed system characteristics is proposed. The platform provides embedded computing nodes. The computing nodes and network are strong real-time.


Ads-B In Based Conflict Prediction And Conflict-Free Trajectory Planning For Multi-Aircraft, Siyuan Zhang, Xianying Li, Xiaoyun Shen Dec 2019

Ads-B In Based Conflict Prediction And Conflict-Free Trajectory Planning For Multi-Aircraft, Siyuan Zhang, Xianying Li, Xiaoyun Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For free flight of future, it is necessary to continuously detect conflicts and plan safe flight paths. Through in-depth analysis of detection principle of TCAS, combined with the characteristics of ADS-B data, the target within the scope of ADS-B IN surveillance is classified and given a risk factor, and the TCAS function is implemented in the ADS-B IN simulation software. For complex conflict scenarios with multi-aircraft, by meshing the conflict region and discretizing the flight procedure, the genetic algorithm is then used to calculate the optimal conflict-free trajectory based on risk factors. Two common multi-aircraft conflict scenarios are …


Research On Sins/Gps Integrated Navigation System Based On Grid Reference Frame For Transpolar Aircraft, Lijun Song, Zhe Li, Qiangwen Fu, He Bo Dec 2019

Research On Sins/Gps Integrated Navigation System Based On Grid Reference Frame For Transpolar Aircraft, Lijun Song, Zhe Li, Qiangwen Fu, He Bo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The mechanics equations of grid navigation system are improved and analyzed in the paper. It is simulated that the SINS/GPS Integrated Navigation System works in the low latitude region and the polar regions. The theoretic is supported by the research of the SINS/GPS Integrated Navigation System working in the polar regions. The result of simulation shows that the performance of SINS/GPS Integrated Navigation System is improved and the shortcomings of SINS and GPS are avoided. By comparing the simulation results of the SINS/GPS Integrated Navigation System, the navigation precision is consistent when the SINS/GPS Integrated Navigation System works …


Simulation Analysis Of Viral-Style Information Diffusion In Small World Networks, Li Feng, Wei Ying Dec 2019

Simulation Analysis Of Viral-Style Information Diffusion In Small World Networks, Li Feng, Wei Ying

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Since the small world network is one of the most common complex networks in the real world, this paper focuses on information diffusion on the small world network platform. In order to explore the relationship between structural features of the small world network with a well-accepted feature for information diffusion, network coverage ratio named, the methodology of multi-agent based modeling and simulation is introduced, instead of mathematical modeling. Through simulation, the impact of only two parameters in the small world network generation algorithm, that is Watts-Strogatz algorithm, is analyzed, where the process of information diffusion acts as the …


Simulation And Analysis Of Supplying Station Line Selection And Impact With Real Information, Qiguang Lü, Maozeng Xu, Zhou Xiang Dec 2019

Simulation And Analysis Of Supplying Station Line Selection And Impact With Real Information, Qiguang Lü, Maozeng Xu, Zhou Xiang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The choice of routes and target stations of energy supply vehicles may lead to the demand cluster at the station and then induce traffic congestion, so it's necessary to analyze the effect of different choices of route and station. Based on the traffic real information, a multi-objective integer programming model is proposed in this paper, in which energy consumption and travel time of energy constrained vehicle is the optimization objective, and a two-stage genetic algorithm which aims to find optimal the route and station is designed. The simulation results based on the emPlant show that the optimal route …


Research On Gear Transmission Error Based On Chaotic Ant Swarm Optimization, Xinrong Liu, Zhonghou Wang, Kubo Aizoh Dec 2019

Research On Gear Transmission Error Based On Chaotic Ant Swarm Optimization, Xinrong Liu, Zhonghou Wang, Kubo Aizoh

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In this paper, the dynamic model of bending- torsion -axis- heat of cylindrical helical gear system is established by considering the time-varying meshing stiffness and meshing impulse excitation. The NURBS method is used to reconstruct the trimming surface through superimposing the theoretical tooth surface and trimming tooth surface, then the influence of different trimming on the gear transmission error is analyzed. The optimal trimming surface is obtained by Chaos Ant Colony Algorithm. The finite element method is used to analyze the transmission error of the modified gear and the unshaped gear. The numerical simulation analysis shows that the amplitude …


Modeling And Simulation Of Coordination Relationship Between Rail And Bus Lines, Wang Jian, Danqing Shen, Ziyang Wang Dec 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Coordination Relationship Between Rail And Bus Lines, Wang Jian, Danqing Shen, Ziyang Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: By analyzing the coordination relationship of the collinear edges between the rail lines and the bus lines, the coordination relationship considering the complementation and the competition is defined as the goal of maximizing the utilization rate of resources and capacity matching. After the analysis of the coordination and the competition, the calculation of the coordinated coefficient are presented. Considering the influence of the disruptions on the coordination, an adjustment method of the bus lines is proposed. Taking part of Wuhan City transit network as an example, the results show that the adjusted transit system has a higher degree of …


Low-Complexity Signal Detection Algorithm Based On Pgqsm, Fatang Chen, Yang Kang, Yongli Fu, Mengjie Li Dec 2019

Low-Complexity Signal Detection Algorithm Based On Pgqsm, Fatang Chen, Yang Kang, Yongli Fu, Mengjie Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Pre-coding aided Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation (PGQSM) uses the known channel state information to perform pre-coding processing on the in-phase and quadrature signals of the quadrature spatial modulation (QSM), so as to reduce the complexity of the receiver for signal detection. At the same time, an improved Pre-coding aided Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation low complexity detection algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of the proposed algorithm’s high complexity at the receiver. The results of analysis and simulation show that the proposed algorithm can achieve almost the same BER performance as the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm with more than …


Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui Dec 2019

Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Linear active disturbance rejection control has many parameters and it is difficult to obtain appropriate parameters. Therefore, a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on cosine decreasing function is proposed in this article for searching optimal LADRC parameters. In this algorithm, cosine decreasing function and updated equation of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined. By using the variable characteristic of cosine decreasing function with the increase of iteration times, the original global optimization ability of quantum particle swarm optimization is retained and its poor local optimization ability is overcome. And the simulation results show that the LADRC optimized …


Data Model Of Battlefield Geographic Environment Simulation Object Based On Cognition, Zhu Jie, You Xiong, Xia Qing Dec 2019

Data Model Of Battlefield Geographic Environment Simulation Object Based On Cognition, Zhu Jie, You Xiong, Xia Qing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the urgent demands on present battlefield environment cognition active service, its requirements are hard to be satisfied by the traditional battlefield environment data model, thus a kind of battlefield environment simulation data model needs to be constructed. The characteristics of task-orientated battlefield geographic space cognition progress are analyzed, and the cognitive process concept model is constructed. The characteristics of battlefield environment object recognition structure are analyzed; the hierarchical structure division is implemented on battlefield geographic environment simulation object with object-orientated method; and object data models are described uniformly with SEDRIS. Based on cognitive-driven mechanism of workflow, the …


Multi Objective Flexible Load Scheduling In Smart Home Based On Grey Wolf Algorithm, Bao Yi, Dai Bo, Zhihua Wang, Wanliang Wang Dec 2019

Multi Objective Flexible Load Scheduling In Smart Home Based On Grey Wolf Algorithm, Bao Yi, Dai Bo, Zhihua Wang, Wanliang Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A three level electricity price model is designed based on the electricity consumption. A comfort model of multi parameters is designed for optimizing the grid load control of temperature and the humidity, light intensity and human activity. Grey wolf algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective problem. The grey wolf algorithm has its superiority in solving high dimensional and multi peak of complex function problems. Theoretical and experimental analysis shows that the grey wolf algorithm in accuracy and stability is better than particle swarm optimization algorithm and differential evolution algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can …


Some Problems And Countermeasures In Simulation Credibility Evaluation, Jiao Peng, Zhang Qi, Xiangyu Wei, Yabing Zha Dec 2019

Some Problems And Countermeasures In Simulation Credibility Evaluation, Jiao Peng, Zhang Qi, Xiangyu Wei, Yabing Zha

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the increasing application of simulation technology in various fields, users have put forward higher requirements for the credibility of the simulation system. This paper focuses on some key issues of the credibility evaluation of the simulation system, such as the unclear expected application, the incomplete evaluation, the unclear evaluation criteria, and the open loop of evaluation conclusions. From the perspectives of comprehensive implementation of credibility assessment, strengthening the design of acceptability standards, and focusing on the evaluation of closed-loop implementation, how to solve the real problem has been studied and discussed. The research results of this paper …


Chaotic Time Series Prediction Based On Gaussian Processes Mixture, Zhenjie Feng, Fan Yu Dec 2019

Chaotic Time Series Prediction Based On Gaussian Processes Mixture, Zhenjie Feng, Fan Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the existing learning algorithms of Gaussian processes mixture (GPM) model, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), variation or leave one out, have high computational complexity, a hidden variables posterior hard-cut iterative training algorithm is proposed, which simplifies the training process of the model. The GPM model based on the proposed algorithm is applied to chaotic time series prediction. The effects of embedding dimension, time delay, learning sample number, and testing sample numbers on predictive ability are discussed. It is demonstrated by the experimental results that the prediction of the GPM model is more …


Research And Implementation Of Driving Concern Area Detection Based On Deep Learning, Jihua Ye, Shuxia Shi, Hanxi Li, Shimin Wang, Siyu Yang Dec 2019

Research And Implementation Of Driving Concern Area Detection Based On Deep Learning, Jihua Ye, Shuxia Shi, Hanxi Li, Shimin Wang, Siyu Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: As a key technology of intelligent driving, driving concern area detection method has an important impact on the performance of intelligent driving or intelligent early warning system. In view of the shortcomings of the existing methods, this paper proposes an effective method for driving concern area detection based on the deep learning. We obtain the camera internal and external parameters by using camera self-calibration method based on camera model, use the Canny edge detection and Bisecting K-means clustering to realize the vanishing point estimation, and establish the road detection model based on the obtained estimates. We obtain the depth …


Study On Model And Accumulation Rule For Departure Check-In Queues, Zhiwei Xing, Junxian Jiang, Luo Xiao, Luo Qian, Yang Yang Dec 2019

Study On Model And Accumulation Rule For Departure Check-In Queues, Zhiwei Xing, Junxian Jiang, Luo Xiao, Luo Qian, Yang Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The aggregation rule of departure passengers in the terminal building is studied in combination with human behavior dynamics. Based on this, the change rule of queuing length of departing passengers on non-full-open check-in island is studied. The queuing process is discretized by introducing the concept of time series, and the queue length Markov Chain is obtained in the serpentine queuing form. Then, the aggregation rate of each time series is predicted by the single-flight departure passenger aggregation model. By selecting the appropriate value of the check-in counter service rate, the check-in queuing length model of multiple adjacent flights is …


A Just-In-Time Learning Soft Sensing Modeling Method Based On Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model, Qi Cheng, Weili Xiong Dec 2019

A Just-In-Time Learning Soft Sensing Modeling Method Based On Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model, Qi Cheng, Weili Xiong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For some time-varying industrial processes with non-Gaussian properties, the model established by the general soft-sensing method is difficult to meet the accuracy requirement. To solve the above problems effectively, a JITL soft sensor modeling method (BGMM) is proposed based on Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model. For the given training sample set, the number of components of the Gaussian mixture model is optimized by Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC); For new test samples, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model is established by using the BGMM similarity criterion for the training samples to find out the most similar set;The model is used to predict …


Design And Analysis Of Sustained-G Flight Simulator Control Algorithm, Xiaoguang Zhou, Yihong Fang, Huaiying Tian, Mingzhi Yao Dec 2019

Design And Analysis Of Sustained-G Flight Simulator Control Algorithm, Xiaoguang Zhou, Yihong Fang, Huaiying Tian, Mingzhi Yao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of mismatch exist between angular motions by Sustained-G Flight Simulator pilot through his proprioceptive receptors and visual receptors, the control algorithm of Sustained-G Flight Simulator is designed. The formulas relative to control input is derived; the mathematical model of human proprioceptive system is researched, the relationship between pilot's perceptual angular and rotating linear acceleration vectors and angular accelerations is given, based on that, the control algorithm of Sustained-G Flight Simulator is proposed, which can make a match existence between the angular motion perceived by Sustained-G Flight Simulator pilot and aircraft pilot. The simulation …


Control Optimization Of Hybrid System With Hybrid Power Based On Dp Algorithm, Deng Tao, Haoyuan Yu, Bin Xu Dec 2019

Control Optimization Of Hybrid System With Hybrid Power Based On Dp Algorithm, Deng Tao, Haoyuan Yu, Bin Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the complexity and diversity of energy management for HEV(hybrid electric vehicle) with hybrid power, taking the State of Charge of power battery and ultracapacitor as state variable, the torque distribution ratio between engine and motor, and the power distribution ratio between power battery and ultracapacitor as control variables, the fuel economy and emission performance as objective function, the Dynamic Programming (DP) control strategy for HEV with hybrid power is proposed. The working rules of the engine, motor, battery and ultracapacitor, are extracted from the results, and the rules of engine and motor and the fuzzy control …