Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Power Scaling Of Ice Floe Sizes In The Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean, Tristan J. Coffey

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The cumulative number versus floe area distribution of seasonal ice floes from four satellite images covering the Summer season (November - February) in the Weddell Sea Antarctica during the summer breakup and melting is fit by two scale-invariant power scaling regimes for the floe areas ranging from 7 to 20 x 108 m2. Scaling exponents, β, for larger floe areas range from -1.5 to -1.7 with an average of -1.6 for floe areas ranging from 6 x 106 to 55 x 107 m2. Scaling exponents, β, for smaller floe areas range from -0.8 to -0.9 with an average of -0.85 …

Sediment Nutrient Dynamics In Fondriest Agricultural Settling Pond, Marie Grace Bezold

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Excess loading of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is a serious global problem and has numerous negative impacts on water quality of aquatic ecosystems including eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and hypoxia. Anthropogenic activities (such as the Haber-Bosch process, burning of fossil fuels, sewage treatment, and manure reuse) have led to excess N loading to aquatic systems. Sediment N dynamics were examined from Oct 2019 – Oct 2020 in an agricultural settling pond connected to a constructed wetland adjacent to an agricultural field. Intact sediment cores were amended with 15N for continuous-flow incubations to measure denitrification and N fixation rates, as …

Goal Management In Multi-Agent Systems, Venkatsampath Raja Gogineni

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Autonomous agents in a multi-agent system coordinate to achieve their goals. However, in a partially observable world, current multi-agent systems are often less effective in achieving their goals. In much part, this limitation is due to an agent's lack of reasoning about other agents and their mental states. Another factor is the agent's inability to share required knowledge with other agents and the lack of explanations in justifying the reasons behind the goal. This research addresses these problems by presenting a general approach for agent goal management in unexpected situations. In this approach, an agent applies three main concepts: goal …

The Intersection Of Crude Palm Oil & Deforestation: A Sustainability Analysis, Amelia Olsen

Honors Projects in Science and Technology

In recent years, palm oil has gained international attention as an efficient, versatile, and inexpensive oil, and is now an ingredient in 50% of items in the grocery store. As a result, there has been an increase in complaints regarding the environmental impact stemming from the production of palm oil, including those of deforestation and harmful emissions. In response to these complaints, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) was created to certify palm oil that meets certain criteria, (including being produced without an element of deforestation) as sustainable. Now, the RSPO certifies over 3.09 million hectares of palm oil …

Leverage Psychological Factors Associated With Lapses In Cybersecurity In Organizational Management, Chad Holm

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

With computers being a standard part of life now with the evolution of the internet, many aspects of our lives have changed, and new ways of thinking must come. One of the biggest challenges in most cyber security problems is not related to the software or the hardware; it is the people that are using the computers to access the data and communicate with others, where the hackers could simply find a weak entry point that naturally exists and a weak link caused by human hands. The human factor as an “insider threat” will affect unauthorized access, credentials stealing, and …

The Complex Propagation Of Light Explained Visually: How To Make A Hologram, Bruno Ray Becher

Senior Projects Spring 2021

The complexity of light’s wave nature is shown in the paths that light takes. In this project I will show several useful ways to imagine and predict how light will travel from one place to another. Once light is produced it does not immediately fill a room, instead it undulates through free space as if the space itself was a fluid. Once we understand the way light flows and interacts with its environment not only can we predict and control its shape with a hologram, but also discover clues which give secrets about where the light has been. Telescopes and …

Untouchable Money And Impossible Clones: Applications Of Quantum Picturalism And Zx-Calculus, Shea A. Roccaforte

Senior Projects Spring 2021

Quantum Picturalism allows a new technique for researchers and students alike in the areas of quantum computation and quantum information. This picturalistic method represents fundamental math concepts and quantum theory in a diagrammatic manner. This method is a high-level language that allows for the exploitation of quantum weirdness. Using these techniques, quantum processes and the composition of those processes are highlighted as a structure referred to as process theory. Viewing these processes in a purely diagrammatic language allows for an unambiguous universal language for qubits, and the manipulation of these diagrams is referred to as ZX-calculus. These concepts allow for …

Gibbs Phenomenon For Jacobi Approximations, Riti Bahl

Senior Projects Spring 2021

The classical Gibbs phenomenon is a peculiarity that arises when approximating functions near a jump discontinuity with the Fourier series. Namely, the Fourier series "overshoots" (and "undershoots") the discontinuity by approximately 9% of the total jump. This same phenomenon, with the same value of the overshoot, has been shown to occur when approximating jump-discontinuous functions using specific families of orthogonal polynomials. In this paper, we extend these results and prove that the Gibbs phenomenon exists for approximations of functions with interior jump discontinuities with the two-parameter family of Jacobi polynomials P_n^(a,b)(x). In particular, we show that for …

Solar Energy And Cities: A Solution To Environmental Degradation - A Case Study Of The Emergence Of Solar Energy In San Jose, California; San Antonio, Texas; And Honolulu, Hawaii, Jack Kaplan

Senior Projects Spring 2021

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College.

Electronic Properties Of Flat And Curved Graphene Sheets, Deng Yanpei

Senior Projects Spring 2021

This paper explored the electronic properties of the graphene sheet and also developed basis for understanding the electronic properties of the curved graphene sheet. This paper began with setting up basic knowledge about solid-state physics including introducing band structure, band gap, crystal structure, and reviews for quantum mechanical operators. Then this paper described two potential models that are suitable for considering periodic potential: the weak potential and the tight-binding model. We discovered the tight-binding model is better for our graphene case and by applying this model we find the energies of the graphene sheet. Next, we constructed the 1D and …

Quantum Optics, Entanglement, And Bell's Theorem, Andrew D. Poverman

Senior Projects Spring 2021

The field of quantum optics provides a wonderful setting in which to study fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics such as entanglement, Bell's theorem, and non-locality. This thesis presents theoretical discussions of qubits, entanglement, and Bell's theorem in addition to experimental discussions on the nature of photons, creating entangled states using Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC), and a Bell Test with polarization entangled photons. The experimental sections are written to be useful as instructions for one to conduct these experiments on their own. By doing these experiments, one will gain familiarity with quantum optics experiments as well as a firmer grasp on …

Brightening Of The Bridge: Reflections Of A Past Sgr A* Outburst In Galactic Center Molecular Clouds, Nathalie Kanoelani Takiko Jones

Senior Projects Spring 2021

The center of our Milky Way galaxy is located more than 200,000 trillion km from Earth in the constellation Sagittarius. At the very center of our galaxy is a super-massive black hole called Sagittarius A$^{*}$. The black hole is surrounded by many interesting objects, including molecular clouds. Molecular clouds are large, cold clouds of gas in which stars are formed. Telescopes like NuSTAR have observed X-rays (radiation 10,000 times higher in energy than visible light) coming from these molecular clouds. Since cold gas cannot create such high energy emission by itself, there must be some external source of radiation interacting …

Lagrangian Cobordisms Of Legendrian Pretzel Knots With Maximal Thurston-Bennequin Number, Raphael Barish Walker

Senior Projects Spring 2021

In the study of Legendrian knots, which are smoothly embedded circles constrained by a differential geometric condition, an actively-studied problem is to find conditions for the existence of Lagrangian cobordisms, which are Lagrangian surfaces whose slices specific Legendrian knots at either end. Any topological knot has infinitely many distinct Legendrian representatives, which are partially distinguished by the Thurston-Bennequin number tb, an integer invariant of Legendrian isotopy which is bounded above. We demonstrate a family of knots where each has a maximal-tb representative K admitting a Lagrangian cobordism from a stabilized Legendrian unknot, a property which guarantees the existence of a …

Toi-519 B: A Short-Period Substellar Object Around An M Dwarf Validated Using Multicolour Photometry And Phase Curve Analysis, H. Parviainen, E. Palle, M. R. Zapatero-Osorio, G. Nowak, A. Fukui, F. Murgas, N. Narita, K. G. Stassun, J. H. Livingston, K. A. Collins, D. Hidalgo Soto, V. J. S. Béjar, J. Korth, M. Monelli, P. Montanes Rodriguez, N. Casasayas-Barris, G. Chen, N. Crouzet, J. P. De Leon, A. Hernandez, K. Kawauchi, P. Klagyivik, N. Kusakabe, R. Luque, M. Mori, T. Nishiumi, J. Prieto-Arranz, M. Tamura, N. Watanabe, T. Gan, K. I. Collins, Eric L.N. Jensen, T. Barclay, J. P. Doty, J. M. Jenkins, D. W. Latham, M. Paegert, G. Ricker, D. R. Rodriguez, S. Seager, A. Shporer, R. Vanderspek, J. Villaseñor, J. N. Winn, B. Wohler, I. Wong

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Context. We report the discovery of TOI-519 b (TIC 218795833), a transiting substellar object (R = 1.07 RJup) orbiting a faint M dwarf (V = 17.35) on a 1.26 d orbit. Brown dwarfs and massive planets orbiting M dwarfs on short-period orbits are rare, but more have already been discovered than expected from planet formation models. TOI-519 is a valuable addition to this group of unlikely systems, and it adds towards our understanding of the boundaries of planet formation. Aims. We set out to determine the nature of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) object of interest TOI-519 b. Methods. …

Toi 122b And Toi 237b: Two Small Warm Planets Orbiting Inactive M Dwarfs Found By Tess, W. C. Waalkes, Z. K. Berta-Thompson, K. A. Collins, A. D. Feinstein, B. M. Tofflemire, B. Rojas-Ayala, M. L. Silverstein, E. Newton, G. R. Ricker, R. Vanderspek, D. W. Latham, S. Seager, J. N. Winn, J. M. Jenkins, J. Christiansen, R. F. Goeke, A. M. Levine, H. P. Osborn, S. A. Rinehart, M. E. Rose, E. B. Ting, J. D. Twicken, K. Barkaoui, J. L. Bean, C. Briceño, D. R. Ciardi, K. I. Collins, D. Conti, T. Gan, M. Gillon, G. Isopi, E. Jehin, Eric L.N. Jensen, J. F. Kielkopf, N. Law, F. Mallia, A. W. Mann, B. T. Montet, F. J. Pozuelos, H. Relles, J. E. Libby-Roberts, C. Ziegler

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We report the discovery and validation of TOI 122b and TOI 237b, two warm planets transiting inactive M dwarfs observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Our analysis shows that TOI 122b has a radius of 2.72 ± 0.18 R⊕ and receives 8.8 ± 1.0 times Earth's bolometric insolation, and TOI 237b has a radius of 1.44±0.12 R⊕ and receives 3.7 ± 0.5 times Earth's insolation, straddling the 6.7 × Earth insolation that Mercury receives from the Sun. This makes these two of the cooler planets yet discovered by TESS, even on their 5.08 and 5.43 day orbits. Together, …

Vetting Of 384 Tess Objects Of Interest With Triceratops And Statistical Validation Of 12 Planet Candidates, S. Giacalone, C. D. Dressing, Eric L.N. Jensen, K. A. Collins, G. R. Ricker, R. Vanderspek, S. Seager, J. N. Winn, J. M. Jenkins, T. Barclay, K. Barkaoui, C. Cadieux, D. Charbonneau, K. I. Collins, D. M. Conti, R. Doyon, P. Evans, M. Ghachoui, M. Gillon, N. M. Guerrero, R. Hart, E. Jehin, J. F. Kielkopf, B. Mclean, F. Murgas, E. Palle, H. Parviainen, F. J. Pozuelos, H. M. Relles, A. Shporer, Q. Socia, C. Stockdale, T.-G. Tan, G. Torres, J. D. Twicken, W. C. Waalkes, I. A. Waite

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We present TRICERATOPS, a new Bayesian tool that can be used to vet and validate TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We test the tool on 68 TOIs that have been previously confirmed as planets or rejected as astrophysical false positives. By looking in the false-positive probability (FPP)−nearby false-positive probability (NFPP) plane, we define criteria that TOIs must meet to be classified as validated planets (FPP < 0.015 and NFPP < 10−3), likely planets (FPP < 0.5 and NFPP < 10−3), and likely nearby false positives (NFPP > 10−1). We apply this procedure on 384 unclassified TOIs and statistically validate 12, classify 125 as likely planets, and classify 52 as likely nearby false positives. Of the 12 statistically validated planets, 9 are newly …

Soil Carbon Stocks Vary Across Geomorphic Settings In Australian Temperate Tidal Marsh Ecosystems, Connor Gorham, Paul Lavery, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Cristian Salinas, Oscar Serrano

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Tidal marshes rank among the ecosystems with the highest capacity to sequester and store organic carbon (C_org) on earth. To inform conservation of coastal vegetated ecosystems for climate change mitigation, this study investigated the factors driving variability in carbon storage. We estimated soil C_org stocks in tidal marshes across temperate Western Australia and assessed differences among geomorphic settings (marine and fluvial deltas, and mid-estuary) and vegetation type (Sarcocornia quinqueflora and Juncus kraussii) linked to soil biogeochemistry. Soil C_org stocks within fluvial and mid-estuary settings were significantly higher (209 ± 14 and 211 ± 20 …

Genetic And Ecological Consequences Of Recent Habitat Fragmentation In A Narrow Endemic Plant Species Within An Urban Context, Nicola Delnevo, Andrea Piotti, Michele Carbognani, Eddie J. Van Etten, William D. Stock, David L. Field, Margaret Byrne

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Understanding the timescales that shape spatial genetic structure is pivotal to ascertain the impact of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and reproductive viability of long-lived plant populations. Combining genetic and ecological information with current and past fragmentation conditions allows the identification of the main drivers important in shaping population structure and declines in reproduction, which is crucial for informing conservation strategies. Using historic aerial photographs, we defined the past fragmentation conditions for the shrub Conospermum undulatum, a species now completely embedded in an urban area. We explored the impact of current and past conditions on its genetic layout …

A Review Of Security Standards And Frameworks For Iot-Based Smart Environments, Nickson M. Karie, Nor Masri Sahri, Wencheng Yang, Craig Valli, Victor R. Kebande

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Assessing the security of IoT-based smart environments such as smart homes and smart cities is becoming fundamentally essential to implementing the correct control measures and effectively reducing security threats and risks brought about by deploying IoT-based smart technologies. The problem, however, is in finding security standards and assessment frameworks that best meets the security requirements as well as comprehensively assesses and exposes the security posture of IoT-based smart environments. To explore this gap, this paper presents a review of existing security standards and assessment frameworks which also includes several NIST special publications on security techniques highlighting their primary areas of …

Federated Deep Learning For Cyber Security In The Internet Of Things: Concepts, Applications, And Experimental Analysis, Mohamed Amine Ferrag, Othmane Friha, Leandros Maglaras, Helge Janicke, Lei Shu

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In this article, we present a comprehensive study with an experimental analysis of federated deep learning approaches for cyber security in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Specifically, we first provide a review of the federated learning-based security and privacy systems for several types of IoT applications, including, Industrial IoT, Edge Computing, Internet of Drones, Internet of Healthcare Things, Internet of Vehicles, etc. Second, the use of federated learning with blockchain and malware/intrusion detection systems for IoT applications is discussed. Then, we review the vulnerabilities in federated learning-based security and privacy systems. Finally, we provide an experimental analysis of federated …

Therapeutic Potential Of Mitophagy-Inducing Microflora Metabolite, Urolithin A For Alzheimer’S Disease, Dona Pamoda W. Jayatunga, Eugene Hone, Harjot Khaira, Taciana Lunelli, Harjinder Singh, Gilles J. Guillemin, Binosha Fernando, Manohar L. Garg, Giuseppe Verdile, Ralph N. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Mitochondrial dysfunction including deficits of mitophagy is seen in aging and neuro-degenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apart from traditionally targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), the main culprit in AD brains, other approaches include investigating impaired mitochondrial pathways for potential therapeutic benefits against AD. Thus, a future therapy for AD may focus on novel candidates that enhance optimal mitochondrial integrity and turnover. Bi-oactive food components, known as nutraceuticals, may serve as such agents to combat AD. Uro-lithin A is an intestinal microbe-derived metabolite of a class of polyphenols, ellagitannins (ETs). Urolithin A is known to exert many health benefits. Its antioxidant, …

Quantification Of Carbon Cycling In A Large Aquifer Using Reactive Transport Modelling, Konrad Miotliński, Luk J. M. Peeters

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Continental scale aquifers can store significant amounts of carbon as a result of immense water volumes, substantial concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its reactions with a matrix, thus contributing the global carbon storage and cycle. However, concentration of dissolved solutes may vary significantly over distances, which causes interpretative challenges and difficulties in process quantification. This occurs in the Guarani Aquifer System in South America, which is a subject of extensive research due to a significant strategic role in water supply. Dissolved CO2 is expected to dissociate and undergo reactions with aluminosilicate minerals, but it is unknown how much …

A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Nardl) Analysis Of The Ftse And S&P500 Indexes, David E. Allen, Michael Mcaleer

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The paper features an examination of the link between the behaviour of the FTSE 100 and S&P500 Indexes in both an autoregressive distributed lag ARDL, plus a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag NARDL framework. The attraction of NARDL is that it represents the simplest method available of modelling combined short-and long-run asymmetries. The bounds testing framework adopted means that it can be applied to stationary and non-stationary time series vectors, or combinations of both. The data comprise a daily FTSE adjusted price series, commencing in April 2009 and terminating in March 2021, and a corresponding daily S&P500 Index adjusted-price series obtained …

Titanium Nitride Thin Film Based Low‐Redox‐Interference Potentiometric Ph Sensing Electrodes, Shimrith Paul Shylendra, Wade Lonsdale, Magdalena Wajrak, Mohammad Nur‐E‐Alam, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

In this work, a solid‐state potentiometric pH sensor is designed by incorporating a thin film of Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtered (RFMS) Titanium Nitride (TiN) working electrode and a commercial Ag|AgCl|KCl double junction reference electrode. The sensor shows a linear pH slope of −59.1 mV/pH, R2 = 0.9997, a hysteresis as low as 1.2 mV, and drift below 3.9 mV/hr. In addition, the redox interference performance of TiN electrodes is compared with that of Iridium Oxide (IrO2) counterparts. Experimental results show −32mV potential shift (E0 value) in 1 mM ascorbic acid (reducing …

An Energy-Efficient And Secure Data Inference Framework For Internet Of Health Things: A Pilot Study, James Jin Kang, Mahdi Dibaei, Gang Luo, Wencheng Yang, Paul Haskell-Dowland, Xi Zheng

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Privacy protection in electronic healthcare applications is an important consideration, due to the sensitive nature of personal health data. Internet of Health Things (IoHT) networks that are used within a healthcare setting have unique challenges and security requirements (integrity, authentication, privacy, and availability) that must also be balanced with the need to maintain efficiency in order to conserve battery power, which can be a significant limitation in IoHT devices and networks. Data are usually transferred without undergoing filtering or optimization, and this traffic can overload sensors and cause rapid battery consumption …

Accessing The Effect Of Renewables On The Wholesale Power Market, Mohammad Nure Alam

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2021, Econjournals. All rights reserved. The purpose of this paper is to examine how rising wind energy generation (in MWh) impact the wholesale power market’s volatility (in SEK) across four bidding regions in Sweden. Prior investigations show that though the increase in electricity production from wind energy lowers the average day-ahead electricity wholesale prices, however, uncertainty and volatility of market price could rise due to wind energy’s intermittent nature. This study results show that Swedish power market experiences higher price volatility in long-run frequency when the generation of wind electricity increases. The reason for this high and volatile electricity …

Detecting Sex-Related Changes To The Metabolome Of A Critically Endangered Freshwater Crayfish During The Mating Season, Emily Lette, Quinton Burnham, Nathan Lawler, Pierre Horwitz, Mary C. Boyce, David I. Broadhurst, Rodney Duffy, Annette Koenders

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Captive breeding is a vital tool in the conservation of highly endangered species, as it is for the Margaret River hairy marron, Cherax tenuimanus, from the south west of Australia. A close relative, Cherax cainii, has almost completely displaced C. tenuimanus in the wild and is a successful aquaculture species, whereas C. tenuimanus has performed poorly in captivity. We used untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain metabolomic profiles of female and male C. tenuimanus held in controlled aquarium conditions during their reproductive period. Using repeated haemolymph sampling we tracked the metabolomic profiles of animals just prior to and …

Përdorimi I Koncepteve Algjebrike Në Korigjimin E Gabimeve Te Kodet Lineare, Venera Musliu

Theses and Dissertations

Ne si shoqëri, në kohën që jetojmë do të ishte e pamundur funksionimi i kësaj shoqërie nëse nuk do ekzistonin metoda të besueshme të cilat sigurojnë integritetin dhe konfidencialitetin e informacionit. Mbrojtja ndaj këtyre gabimeve të cilat ndodhin në mënyrë të pashmangshme në procesin e transmetimit dhe ruajtjes së të dhënave është objekt i teorisë së kodeve të korrigjimit të gabimit. Disa kode korrigjimi të gabimeve, shumë të rëndësishme dhe të dobishme, janë hartuar duke përdorur koncepte algjebrike si: fusha të fundme, polinomiale, klasat e ekuivalencës, hapësirat vektoriale etj. Algjebra abstrakte është njëra nga degët më aktive të matematikës, e …

Siguria Kibernetike Gjatë Punës Nga Distanca, Agon Daci

Theses and Dissertations

Në çdo pjesë të përditshmërisë dhe jetës tonë kemi vendosur përdorimin e teknologjisë së informacionit dhe sistemet e informacionit në përgjithësi. Jeta e jonë është e plotësuar me Internetin e gjërave (IoT), ku shtëpitë tona tani janë shtëpi të mençura.

Mundësitë për të thjeshtësuar dhe lehtësuar punën tonë janë shumë të mëdha dhe tani në këtë realitet që jetojmë, kemi mundësi të përfundojmë detyrat tona edhe pa prezencën fizike, nga distanca.

Puna nga distanca ka shumë përparësi sa i përket anës ekonomike sikurse të punonjësit ashtu edhe të punëdhënësit që mund të kursejmë në hapësirë (qira, objekt, udhëtim), më tepër …

5g Sa And Nsa Solutions, Drilon Berisha

Theses and Dissertations

This paper explains in detail the 5G packet core gateway solution. It also gives an overview of the 5G Architecture, the platform and the hardware details of this solution. 5G is the next generation of Third-Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) technology, after 4G/LTE, being defined for wireless mobile data communication. Starting with 3GPP Release 15 onward, this technology defines standards for 5G. As part of 3GPP Release 15, new 5G Radio and Packet Core evolution is being defined to cater to the needs of 5G networks. The two solutions that will be talked about in this paper are 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) …