Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Effects Of An Ultrafast Pulsed Laser On Ybco Thin Film Circuit Transients, Matthew L. Rustad

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Terahertz (THz) frequency light has shown promise for a wide variety of applications due to its material characterization and imaging capabilities. Its nondestructive nature coupled with its submillimeter spatial resolution provides the most value for terahertz light as an imaging tool. The application of terahertz technology has been limited by a lack of novel and powerful sources. It has been shown that that Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO), a type II superconductor, has certain properties that would allow YBCO to be an effective source for THz light. Recent microwave work has shown that when a persistent supercurrent is placed on …

Novel Natural Language Processing Models For Medical Terms And Symptoms Detection In Twitter, Farahnaz Golrooy Motlagh

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This dissertation focuses on disambiguation of language use on Twitter about drug use, consumption types of drugs, drug legalization, ontology-enhanced approaches, and prediction analysis of data-driven by developing novel NLP models. Three technical aims comprise this work: (a) leveraging pattern recognition techniques to improve the quality and quantity of crawled Twitter posts related to drug abuse; (b) using an expert-curated, domain-specific DsOn ontology model that improve knowledge extraction in the form of drug-to-symptom and drug-to-side effect relations; and (c) modeling the prediction of public perception of the drug’s legalization and the sentiment analysis of drug consumption on Twitter. We collected …

A Solder-Defined Computer Architecture For Backdoor And Malware Resistance, Marc W. Abel

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This research is about securing control of those devices we most depend on for integrity and confidentiality. An emerging concern is that complex integrated circuits may be subject to exploitable defects or backdoors, and measures for inspection and audit of these chips are neither supported nor scalable. One approach for providing a “supply chain firewall” may be to forgo such components, and instead to build central processing units (CPUs) and other complex logic from simple, generic parts. This work investigates the capability and speed ceiling when open-source hardware methodologies are fused with maker-scale assembly tools and visible-scale final inspection.

The …

Deep Understanding Of Technical Documents : Automated Generation Of Pseudocode From Digital Diagrams & Analysis/Synthesis Of Mathematical Formulas, Nikolaos Gkorgkolis

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The technical document is an entity that consists of several essential and interconnected parts, often referred to as modalities. Despite the extensive attention that certain parts have already received, per say the textual information, there are several aspects that severely under researched. Two such modalities are the utility of diagram images and the deep automated understanding of mathematical formulas. Inspired by existing holistic approaches to the deep understanding of technical documents, we develop a novel formal scheme for the modelling of digital diagram images. This extends to a generative framework that allows for the creation of artificial images and their …

Evaluation Of The Potential Of Nanofluids Containing Different Ag Nanoparticle Size Distributions For Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion In Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (Pvt) Applications, James Walshe, John Doran, George Amarandei

Articles

Hybridising photovoltaic and photothermal technologies into a single system that can simultaneously deliver heat and power represents one of the leading strategies for generating clean energy at more affordable prices. In a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system, the capability to modulate the thermal and electrical power output is significantly influenced by the spectral properties of the heat transfer fluid utilised. In this study, we report on one of the first experimental evaluations of the capability of a multimodal silver nanofluid containing various particle shapes and particle sizes to selectively modulate the solar energy for PVT applications. The diverse set of particle …

The Challenges Of Growing Orchids From Seeds For Conservation: An Assessment Of Asymbiotic Techniques, Devani Jolman, Martín I. Batalla, Alexis Hungerford, Pryce Norwood, Noah Tait, Lisa E. Wallace

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Lewis Knudson first successfully germinated orchid seeds asymbiotically on artificial medium in 1922. While many orchid species have since been grown asymbiotically, the tremendous variation in how species respond to artificial medium and growth conditions ex situ has also become apparent in the past century. In this study, we reviewed published journal articles on asymbiotic orchid seed germination to provide a summary of techniques used and to evaluate if these differ between terrestrial and epiphytic species, to identify areas where additional research is needed, and to evaluate whether asymbiotic germination could be used more often in ex situ conservation. We …

Academic Performance In Mathematics Of High School Students With Virtual Instruction Vs. Face-To-Face Instruction, Ahmed Dakwar

Master of Science in Mathematics

The intent of this study was to explore the extent to which the academic performance in mathematics differs between high school students with virtual learning and students with traditional classroom face-to-face learning. The study focused on Tennessee public high schools, and this thesis was a quantitative study. The data were collected from credible Internet sources such as the Tennessee Department of Education website, where the data were made available for the public to use and analyze for research purposes.

A total of 143 high schools located in 58 counties participated in the study. The selection of the sample was done …

Reading Ability And Success In Algebra 1: Using Reading Scores And Regression To Predict Success On The Ohio Algebra 1 Eoc, Joshua Klein, Renee Lambert

Master of Science in Mathematics

The state of Ohio requires high school students to meet course credit and testing requirements in order to graduate. The purpose of standardized testing is to ensure all students are being taught and learning the same standards at the same proficient level. An algebra teacher who is already teaching the Ohio algebra standards would assume that students would be successful on the algebra 1 EOC exam. When students are not successful, it becomes necessary to determine where instruction has failed, or what interventions must be used to supplement learning to achieve success. Because these are high-stakes tests, being able to …

Students With Disabilities And Participation In Extracurricular Activities, Stephanie M. Miller

Master of Science in Mathematics

The role of secondary educators is to produce successful students, not only academically but developmentally. Educators must equip students with the skills and habits they need to transition into adulthood smoothly. Instructors are constantly looking at ways to produce student achievement, but unfortunately, not all students graduate on time, and, even worse, some students drop out of high school. One group of students who fall into this at-risk category is those with disabilities. Students with disabilities tend to have lower academic achievement, more chronic absences, and more behavior misconduct than students without disabilities.

This study examined the effect participation in …

Assessing The Impact Of Covid-19 On Students Mathematical State Test Scores At A Southern Ohio School, Sierra Grooms

Master of Science in Mathematics

COVID-19 caught the world by surprise in the fall of 2019. By spring of 2020, most (if not all) schools were in a virtual setting. It was a major and quick (almost overnight) change with little to no plan of action. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the COIVD-19 virus on students' performance of their mathematics state test. Students’ pre-COVID (spring of 2019) mathematics state test scores were compared to their post-COVID (spring of 2021) mathematics state test scores. When analyzing potential predictors, gender wasn’t found to play a significant role in students’ test scores, but socioeconomic status …

Extracurricular Activities And Their Effects On Edgerton High School Students’ Geometry State Test Scores, Nicholas C. Archer

Master of Science in Mathematics

Extracurricular activities play a big role in developing some students into well-rounded adults, while other students choose to not participate in any. This study was performed to show a specific relationship between participating in extracurricular activities and higher test scores on the geometry state test in Ohio. This study was conducted at a rural high school in northwest Ohio, with a sample of 145 students who took both the geometry state test and the eighth-grade standardized test. With this data and the data of which of these students participated in which extracurricular activity, if any, this study could then answer …

Self-Esteem, Attitudes Toward Mathematics, And Mathematics Achievement In A Rural Appalachia High School, Jennifer Akers

Master of Science in Mathematics

The study was conducted at a rural Appalachia high school that is in the northern part of Appalachia. Research on students from Appalachia is difficult to find. The research wanted to see if any relationships occurred between students’ self-esteem, attitudes toward mathematics and mathematics achievement. Social and Emotional Standards are becoming an important part of students’ educational experience. Students’ poor mathematics achievement at Huntington High School has been topic of interest since 2005 and before. If self-esteem and attitudes towards mathematics have a relationship to math achievement, then Huntington High School could use the way they implement Social and Emotional …

The Examination And Prediction Of Success In An Urban Honors Algebra 2 Class, Sonja Spencer-Jackson

Master of Science in Mathematics

Students are missing out on the benefits of taking higher-level math courses or accessing courses like Precalculus and Calculus. There is significant research that shows that algebra is a major factor and predictor of success in mathematics, college enrollment, and entering science, engineering, technology, and mathematics fields. Since Black students and Hispanics are more likely to be placed in lower-level tracks, they are excluded from high quality instruction that would prepare them for post secondary attendance. The goal should be to increase the participation of students in these courses. This study examined a small honors Algebra 2 class in an …

The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On English Standardized State Test Scores In Ohio, Shelby Dalton

Master of Science in Mathematics

As online learning becomes more popular, it is important to understand how it affects academic achievement. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted how schools operate tremendously, including an abrupt transition to online learning. The current study seeks to improve the understanding of how much this transition has affected students and their academic achievement. This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected ELA-II tenth grade test scores using socioeconomic status (SES), disability category, the type of instructional delivery in the 2020-2021 academic year, and ELA-I eighth grade test scores as predictor variables. The data was obtained from Rock Hill Local Schools, …

Predicting Academic Achievement In Undergraduate Statistics Courses Using The Grit Gauge, Brittany Barbush

Master of Science in Mathematics

Higher education institutions strive to make accurate predictions regarding student achievement. These predictions can lead to productive admissions policies, better initial course placements, greater retention rates, and ultimately higher graduation rates. Current research suggests that cognitive and non-cognitive factors can predict academic success. Using a multiple measures system can provide the most encompassing assessment method for potential student success. Grit is a non-cognitive factor that has recently gained the attention of researchers in its ability to predict success. Grit can be described as a dispositional personality trait that enables an individual to achieve long-term goals despite difficulties that may arise. …

Cognitive And Non-Cognitive Predictors Of Academic Success In Undergraduate Mathematics Courses, Amy Lamb

Master of Science in Mathematics

The changes in student demographics and course modality led the researcher to examine cognitive and non-cognitive predictors of academic success in undergraduate mathematics courses. Linear regression analyses were used to determine if ACT and mathematics subscore, high school grade point average, GRIT Gauge® score, age and socioeconomic status were significant predictors of academic success in undergraduate mathematics courses. The results indicated that only high school grade point average was a significant predictor of academic success. In addition, independent samples t-tests were used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in the mean GRIT® score between STEM and non-STEM …

Estimating Groundnut Yield In Smallholder Agriculture Systems Using Planetscope Data, Daniel Kpienbaareh, Kamaldeen Mohammed, Isaac Luginaah, Jinfei Wang, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Esther Lupafya, Laifolo Dakishoni

Faculty Publications-- Geography, Geology, and the Environment

Crop yield is related to household food security and community resilience, especially in smallholder agricultural systems. As such, it is crucial to accurately estimate within-season yield in order to provide critical information for farm management and decision making. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to assess the most appropriate method, indices, and growth stage for predicting the groundnut yield in smallholder agricultural systems in northern Malawi. We have estimated the yield of groundnut in two smallholder farms using the observed yield and vegetation indices (VIs), which were derived from multitemporal PlanetScope satellite data. Simple linear, multiple linear (MLR), …

Improvement Of The Fine Tuning Algorithm, Joseph Mietkiewicz, Anders Madsen

Articles

Khalil El Hindi has developed a fine-tuning algorithm to
improve the classification accuracy of the Naive Bayes. His algorithm optimizes the conditional probability tables of the Naive Bayes after the
training phase. The values of the probabilities of a variable are modified if it causes misclassification of a training instance. The algorithm out-performs in many cases the Naive Bayes. We analyze the performance
of the algorithm, discussed its issues, and compare it to a modified algorithm. The new algorithm simplifies the formula used in the fine-tuning algorithm and uses a more efficient scoring metric, the Brier score, to
fine-tune the …

Detecting The Presence Of Electronic Devices In Smart Homes Using Harmonic Radar, Beatrice Perez, Gregory Mazzaro, Timothy J. Pierson, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

Data about users is collected constantly by phones, cameras, Internet websites, and others. The advent of so-called ‘Smart Things' now enable ever-more sensitive data to be collected inside that most private of spaces: the home. The first step in helping users regain control of their information (inside their home) is to alert them to the presence of potentially unwanted electronics. In this paper, we present a system that could help homeowners (or home dwellers) find electronic devices in their living space. Specifically, we demonstrate the use of harmonic radars (sometimes called nonlinear junction detectors), which have also been used in …

Religious Violence And Twitter: Networks Of Knowledge, Empathy And Fascination, Samah Senbel, Carly Seigel, Emily Bryan

School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications

Twitter analysis through data mining, text analysis, and visualization, coupled with the application of actor-network-theory, reveals a coalition of heterogenous religious affiliations around grief and fascination. While religious violence has always existed, the prevalence of social media has led to an increase in the magnitude of discussions around the topic. This paper examines the different reactions on Twitter to violence targeting three religious communities: the 2015 Charleston Church shooting, the 2018 Pittsburgh Synagogue shooting, and the 2019 Christchurch Mosque shootings. The attacks were all perpetrated by white nationalists with firearms. By analyzing large Twitter datasets in response to the attacks, …

Multivariate Statistical Modeling For Radio-Genomics Study, Tiantian Zeng

Theses and Dissertations--Statistics

Radiogenomics is a new direction in cancer research that focuses on the associations among radiomics, genomics and clinical outcome. Currently, the major challenge for Radiogenomics lies in the effective integration of genomics and imaging data for promising clinical outcome prediction. Herein, we propose a multivariate joint model that can integrate imaging and genomic data for better predicting the clinical outcome. Specifically, we jointly consider two multivariate group lasso models, one regresses imaging features on genomic features, and the other regresses patient’s clinical outcome on genomic features. An L1 penalty term is introduced for each variable, and weight in the penalty …

Geometric Properties Of Weighted Projective Space Simplices, Derek Hanely

Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics

A long-standing conjecture in geometric combinatorics entails the interplay between three properties of lattice polytopes: reflexivity, the integer decomposition property (IDP), and the unimodality of Ehrhart h*-vectors. Motivated by this conjecture, this dissertation explores geometric properties of weighted projective space simplices, a class of lattice simplices related to weighted projective spaces.

In the first part of this dissertation, we are interested in which IDP reflexive lattice polytopes admit regular unimodular triangulations. Let Delta_(1,q)denote the simplex corresponding to the associated weighted projective space whose weights are given by the vector (1,q). Focusing on the case where Delta …

The V1-Periodic Region In Complex Motivic Ext And A Real Motivic V1-Selfmap, Ang Li

Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics

My thesis work consists of two main projects with some connections. In the first project we establish a v₁ periodicity theorem in Ext over the complex motivic Steenrod algebra. The element h₁ of Ext, which detects the homotopy class \eta in the motivic Adams spectral sequence, is non-nilpotent and therefore generates h₁-towers. Our result is that, apart from these h₁-towers, v₁ periodicity operators give isomorphisms in a range near the top of the Adams chart. This result generalizes well-known classical behavior.

In the second project we consider a nontrivial action of C_{2 …}

Elastic And Inelastic Compton Scattering From Deuterium At 61 Mev, Danula Godagama

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

A Compton scattering experiment using deuteron as target nuclei was carried out at the HIγS free electron laser facility at Durham, NC, with the goal of extracting the electromagnetic scalar polarizabilities of the neutron, α_n and β_n. A beam of 61~MeV gamma photons with a narrow energy spread was incident on a liquid deuterium target. The scattered gamma rays were detected at three scattering angles, 55^o, 115^o and 150^o. Backward-scattered gamma rays were detected using two large-volume NaI spectrometers with energy resolution (σ_E/E) better than 2%. The combined effect of …

Understanding The Physics Of Galaxy Clusters Out To Their Virial Radii And Beyond, Arnab Sarkar

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

In the hierarchical structure formation model, galaxy clusters grow and evolve via mergers and accretion from the surrounding cosmic web, leaving distinctive marks in the gas properties, metallicity, and dynamical state at the outskirts of clusters, which needs to be probed to better understand the growth of a cluster. I probed the gas properties of four nearby galaxy groups MKW4, Antlia, RXJ1159, and ESO3060170 out to their virial radii using deep Suzaku and mostly snapshot Chandra observations. I found the gas entropy profiles of MKW4 follow a power-law at its outskirts - as expected from purely gravitational structure formation model. …

Studies Of Time Variations Of The Magnetic Field In The Nedm@Sns Experiment, Mojtaba Behzadipour

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

It is thought that equal quantities of matter and antimatter were generated at the moment of the Big Bang. However, observations of the Universe show that there is a significant excess of matter over antimatter. The matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe (baryon to photon ratio) is observed to be of the order of 10^-10 [1]. Baryogenesis is a possible explanation for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. In 1967, Sakharov proposed three criteria necessary for Baryogenesis. The three conditions are: 1) baryon number violation, 2) C and CP violation and 3) departure from thermal equilibrium. However, the Standard Model's …

Predicting Outcomes Of El Clásico Using Random Forests And Extreme Gradient Boosting, Emanuel Jarquin

CMC Senior Theses

In the modern era, sports betting is becoming increasingly popular. This is especially true in the realm of soccer (or ‘football’ as it is known outside the United States). As a result, the concept of attempting to predict the outcomes of soccer matches using machine learning has garnered much attention in recent years. In this thesis, I utilize well-known machine learning techniques to predict the outcomes of El Clásico matchups and compare the predictive performance of these techniques. The predictive methods employed for this thesis are random forests using the party package in R and extreme gradient boosting using the …

An Integration Of Art And Mathematics, Henry Jaakola

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Mathematics and art are seemingly unrelated fields, requiring different skills and mindsets. Indeed, these disciplines may be difficult to understand for those not immersed in the field. Through art, math can be more relatable and understandable, and with math, art can be imbued with a different kind of order and structure. This project explores the intersection and integration of math and art, and culminates in a physical interdisciplinary product. Using the Padovan Sequence of numbers as a theoretical basis, two artworks are created with different media and designs, yielding unique results. Through these pieces, the order and beauty of number …

Developing And Validating A Standard Operating Procedure For Quantitative Analysis Using Central Washington University's X-Ray Diffractometer, Katherine Lucas

Undergraduate Honors Theses

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is widely applied in a variety of disciplines to identify crystalline solids in a powdered sample. Recent software advances have made quantitative analysis of samples easier and more accessible, but the quality of the result depends on the sample preparation and data collection procedure. This project focuses on testing methods of sample preparation and XRD data collection and analysis to lay the groundwork for refinement of the existing standard operating procedures at CWU. First, I determined the ball mill grinding time necessary to powder different mineral samples. The addition of hand grinding to ball mill-ground samples produced …

Sensitivity Analysis Of Basins Of Attraction For Nelder-Mead, Sonia K. Shah

Honors Projects

The Nelder-Mead optimization method is a numerical method used to find the minimum of an objective function in a multidimensional space. In this paper, we use this method to study functions - specifically functions with three-dimensional graphs - and create images of the basin of attraction of the function. Three different methods are used to create these images named the systematic point method, randomized centroid method, and systemized centroid method. This paper applies these methods to different functions. The first function has two minima with an equivalent function value. The second function has one global minimum and one local minimum. …