Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Western Apache Subsistence Economy, Winfred Buskirk

Anthropology ETDs

The central problem of this thesis is an examination of the factors which influence and, in the past, have shaped the subsistence economy of the Western Apache. Anthropology has always been interested in questions of cultural relationships and contrasts and the process by which the relationships and contrasts are established. This tribe is peculiarly strategic for such a study because of its mixed subsistence pattern, based upon agriculture as well as upon hunting and the gathering of wild food plants. Some groups of Western Apache rely primarily upon agriculture, while others depend more heavily upon hunting and gathering for their …

Letter From Rose Labrasca To Alfred L. Shoemaker, May 23, 1949, Rose Labrasca

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Rose Labrasca addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated May 23, 1949. Within, Labrasca inquires if Shoemaker knows anyone who is well-versed in lifting spells or jinxes.

Letter From Viola Kohl Mohn To Alfred L. Shoemaker, May 23, 1949, Viola K. Mohn

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed letter from Viola K. Mohn addressed to Alfred L Shoemaker, dated May 23, 1949. Within, Mohn details a few superstitions surrounding cows and whooping cough, explaining variations on the theme of buttered bread as a folk remedy.

Letter From Arthur K. Klingaman To Alfred L. Shoemaker, May 19, 1949, Arthur K. Klingaman

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Arthur K. Klingaman addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated May 19, 1949. Within, Klingaman details some information he obtained from his father surrounding the placement of bedrooms and the practice of "bundling" within the Pennsylvania Dutch community.

Bulletin Of The Massachusetts Archaeological Society, Vol. 10, No. 3, Massachusetts Archaeological Society

Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society

• A Message from the President (Benjamin L. Smith)
• A Brief Review of the Progress of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society (Maurice Robbins)
• Warren King Moorehead Chapter (Florence M. Tufts)
• The Nipmuc Chapter (W. Elmer Ekblaw)
• The Charles C. Willoughby Chapter (Benjamin L. Smith)
• The Connecticut Valley Chapter (William S. Fowler)
• The Northeastern Chapter (Albert H. Woodward)
• The Massasoit Chapter (Charles F. Sherman)
• Three Contact Burials from eastern Massachusetts (Wendell S. Hadlock)
• The Oval Scraper Complex (William S. Fowler)
• Membership List

Letter From Daisie Wagner To Alfred L. Shoemaker, March 11, 1949, Daisie Wagner

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Daisie Wagner addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated March 11, 1949. Within, Wagner discusses her family's almanac and the figure of a man surrounded by the Zodiac signs that perplexed her as a child, along with providing an almanac rhyme in Pennsylvania-Dutch.

Letter From Elsie M. Smith To Alfred L. Shoemaker, February 24, 1949, Elsie M. Smith

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Elsie M. Smith addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated February 24, 1949. Within, Smith provides a list of beliefs, superstitions and old sayings that her grandmother used to talk about, including many related to weather, luck, animals, sewing and witchcraft.

Letter From H. Wayne Gruber To Alfred L. Shoemaker, February 4, 1949, H. Wayne Gruber

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed letter from H. Wayne Gruber addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated February 4, 1949. Within, Gruber inquires about a potential interest in some Pennsylvania Dutch verses he composed regarding his childhood.

Letter From H. Wayne Gruber To Alfred L. Shoemaker, February 4, 1949, H. Wayne Gruber

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

In a typed letter to Alfred L. Shoemaker, H. Wayne Gruber lists two humorous stories: one about a preacher's best sermon and the other about a lying farm boy. Following Gruber lists four pieces of advice, which he titles: "Alte Weiver Clawwe."

Letter From Colsin R. Shelly To Alfred L. Shoemaker, February 3, 1949, Colsin R. Shelly

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Colsin R. Shelly, Principal of Lafayette School, to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated February 3, 1949. In the letter Shelly details stories of barring out the schoolmaster on Shrove Tuesday and traditions associated with Ash Wednesday.

Letter From Mr. And Mrs. Harvey Rothenberger To Alfred L. Shoemaker, February 1, 1949, Harvey Rothenberger

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Rothenberger addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated February 1, 1949. Within, the Rothenbergers detail a number of old sayings and rhymes associated with different herbs and teas, along with some of their uses in folk remedies.

Letter From H. Wayne Gruber To Alfred L. Shoemaker, January 11, 1949, H. Wayne Gruber

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed letter from H. Wayne Gruber addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated January 11, 1949. Within, Gruber provides information on the variety of garden vegetables he remembers being grown in his mother's garden.

Bulletin Of The Massachusetts Archaeological Society, Vol. 10, No. 2, Massachusetts Archaeological Society

Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society

• Dogs of the Northeastern Woodland Indians (Eva M. Butler and Wendell-S. Hadlock)
• Preliminary Report on the Ragged Mountain Site (William S. Fowler)
• Archaeology of the Lower North River Valley (Henry F. Howe)
• A Pot from Nook Farm Camp Site, Plymouth, Mass. (William W. Whiting)
• A Cache from Ipswich: II. Two Letters (Howard A. Jones)
• An Ancient Blade (Adrian P. Whiting)

Sports And Pastimes Of The Amish, Frank Diaco, William Di George

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed term paper completed at Franklin and Marshall College by Frank Diaco and William Di George, dating from circa 1949. Within, Diaco and Di George write on the pastimes, games and sports practiced within the Amish community as learned from Aaron Glicks of West Lampeter Township, Pennsylvania.

Berks County Home Made Soap, H. Wayne Gruber

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed document entitled, "Berks County Home Made Soap", by H. Wayne Gruber, dated 1949. Within, Gruber details the way his mother made soap on the farm and its various uses.

Dialect Poem: Da Gruuver Un Di Bulfragge, January, 1949, H. Wayne Gruber

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed document entitled, "Da Gruuver un di bulfragge", composed by H. Wayne Gruber, dated January, 1949. Within, Gruber details a bull frog hunting trip in the form of a Pennsylvania Dutch dialect poem.

Term Report On Folklore, Darrell M. Nixdorf

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten, untitled term paper completed at Franklin and Marshall College by Darrell M. Nixdorf, dating from circa 1949. Within, Nixdorf details a number of subjects relayed to him by locals from Lancaster County ranging from humorous jests to local folk beliefs and stories of witchcraft, "Negro" folktales, and Chinese folktales.

Notes From The Acorn And Germ, Alfred L. Shoemaker

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

Handwritten notes by Alfred L. Shoemaker regarding the newspaper, "The Acorn and Germ", dating from circa 1949. The notes detail items from various issues of the newspaper, including German, English, and Pennsylvania Dutch words for various tree types as well as Bible verses and dialect columns.

Letter From Mr. And Mrs. Harvey Rothenberger To Alfred L. Shoemaker, Harvey Rothenberger

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter to Alfred L. Shoemaker consisting of a list of old sayings and superstitions from Berks County, Pennsylvania, compiled by Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Rothenberger, dating from circa 1949. Within, the Rothenbergers detail a number of beliefs on various subjects including rain, days of the week, falling objects, spilled salt, sewing, ironing, animal behavior and children.

Letter From H. Wayne Gruber To Alfred L. Shoemaker, 1949, H. Wayne Gruber

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed letter from H. Wayne Gruber addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated 1949. Within, Gruber writes on a variety of topics including a cure for horse colic, uses for leftover pie dough, and quarreling between town folk and country folk.

Letter From Earl L. Ruppert To Alfred L. Shoemaker, January 1, 1949, Earl L. Ruppert

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Earl L. Ruppert to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated January 1st, 1949. It describes the Native American origins of the name "Neversink." Ruppert also discusses lore surrounding bake ovens and marriage.

Sibyl 1949, Otterbein University

Otterbein University Yearbooks

No abstract provided.

Letter From Herbert Hummel To Alfred L. Shoemaker, December 29, 1948, Herbert Hummel

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Herbert Hummel addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated December 29, 1948. Within, Hummel writes to provide Shoemaker with a few old folk beliefs he learned from his grandfather in Bernville, Pennsylvania. Topics range from witches and sewing to beliefs surrounding Christmas and whistling on Sundays.

Letter From H. Wayne Gruber To Alfred L. Shoemaker, December 18, 1948, H. Wayne Gruber

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed letter from H. Wayne Gruber addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated December 18, 1948. Within, Gruber lists various beliefs and superstitions that can be found within Berks County, Pennsylvania, ranging from signs of good luck to omens of death and misfortune. Gruber also inquires about a verse called "Die Schnitzel Bunk" and hopes that Shoemaker will be able to visit and view his diary and scrapbooks.

Letter From Anna W. Frey To Alfred L. Shoemaker, December 16, 1948, Anna W. Frey

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Anna W. Frey addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated December 16, 1948. Within, Frey writes about her Pennsylvania Dutch upbringing, detailing various aspects she remembers including a custom surrounding Ascension Day where you cannot work.

Letter From A. Miriam Herr To Alfred L. Shoemaker, November 20, 1948, A. Miriam Herr

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Mrs. Leslie H. Shannon (A. Miriam Herr) addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated November 20, 1948. Within, Herr writes to respond to Shoemaker's question on a favorite "all" story. Herr details her encounter with an Amish man while buying blackberries at a market stall in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Letter From Helen D. Witmer To Alfred L. Shoemaker, November 17, 1948, Helen D. Witmer

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed letter from Helen D. Witmer addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated November 17, 1948. Within, Witmer details her favorite "all" story about asking for directions in Columbia, Pennsylvania. She also details her family's experiences growing up with Pennsylvania Dutch expressions and suggests Shoemaker look into the use of the word "wonderful" by people in Lancaster County.

Lancaster County "Sayings", Unknown Author

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed set of Lancaster County sayings and folk beliefs by an unknown author, dated November 16, 1948. Within, beliefs pertaining to luck and folk cures for various ailments are detailed.

Letter From Charles Ezra Bowman To Alfred L. Shoemaker, November 12, 1948, Charles E. Bowman

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A handwritten letter from Charles Ezra Bowman addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated November 12, 1948. Within, Bowman provides his contribution to Shoemaker's request about favorite Pennsylvania Dutch "all" stories.

Letter From Mrs. E. H. Mull To Alfred L. Shoemaker, November 11, 1948, Mrs. E. H. Mull

Alfred L. Shoemaker Folk Cultural Documents

A typed letter from Mrs. E. H. Mull addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated November 11, 1948. Within, Mull recalls her favorite Pennsylvania Dutch "all" story, detailing the exasperated words from a neighbor towards her sons at meal time.