Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Motivational Factors Related To Female Participation In Collegiate Sports, Francisco Soto Mas

Francisco Soto Mas

Despite the many health benefits, physical activity trends in females have been consistently reported to be lower than that of males. Other demographic variables may also be related to sport participation. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that motivate college females to participate in sports. This was a cross sectional, causal-comparative survey study. Eight motivational factors were explored: fitness, skill/mastery, enjoyment, affiliation/recognition, team factors, ego/competition, parental support, and external rewards. Female college athletes (N=82) from two post-secondary institutions were surveyed using the 35-item Modified Sports Motivation Survey. Results indicated that all factors were important to participants …

Psychology: Personality Theories, Mary Wilson

Mary Wilson

Welcome to the Psychology: Personality Theories Research Guide!

My name is Mary Wilson. Please contact me if you have any questions or if I can be of assistance!

Conventional And Complementary Medicine, Donald Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Health Care Practitioners' Perceptions Of Motivational Interviewing Training For Facilitating Behaviour Change Among Patients, Erin Wiley, Jennifer Irwin, Donald Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Psychosocial Health Of Black Sexually Marginalized Men, Louis Graham

Louis F Graham

There is a paucity of research on the psychosocial health of black sexually marginalized men. The little research that exists suggests that black sexually marginalized men are disproportionately burdened by mental health problems and disorders, the most severe of which are depression, anxiety, and suicidality. A number of theoretical models have been conceptualized to explain health outcomes among both ethnic and sexual minorities, the most comprehensive of which include three primary pathways. The minority stress model, which has been used with ethnic and racial minorities as well as lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities, posits that minorities who face oppression from …

Selective Breeding For 50 Khz Ultrasonic Vocalization Emission Produces, Howard Cromwell

Howard Casey Cromwell

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are emitted by rodents and can signal either negative or positive affective states in social and nonsocial contexts. Our recent work has utilized selective breeding based upon the emission of 50 kHz USVs in response to standard cross species hand play—namely experimenters ‘tickling’ rats. Previous work has shown that high-tickle responsive animals (i.e., rats emitting abundant 50 kHz USVs) are gregarious and express enhanced positive emotional behaviors relative to animals exhibiting low 50 kHz USVs. The present study extends this work by examining the developmental profile of play behavior and the suppression of play behavior by predator …

Certified Professional Co-Active Coaches: Why They Enjoy Coaching, Courtney Newnham-Kanas, Don Morrow, Jennifer Irwin

Donald Morrow

The evidence-base for the practice of coaching continues to flourish, despite the fact that very little is known about the practitioners (i.e. the coaches) themselves. It is of value to understand how coaches perceive their practice. Such information can be utilized to create a common knowledge-base about coaches that can be used, in turn, to track trends and forward research that evaluates coaching services. As the use of Co-Active coaching in facilitating behaviour change continues to rise it becomes important to learn more about Certified-Professional Co-Active Coaches (CPCC). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate what CPCCs enjoy …

The Development Of Academic Preparation In Sport Management: An Historical Description, Alan Kornspan

Alan S Kornspan

No abstract provided.

Breaking The Cycle Of Maltreatment: The Role Of Safe, Stable, And Nurturing Relationships, Terence P. Thornberry, Kimberly L. Henry, Carolyn Smith, Timothy O. Ireland, Sarah J. Greenman, Rosalyn D. Lee

Sarah Greenman

No abstract provided.

Brief Report: Need For Autonomy And Other Perceived Barriers Relating To Adolescents’ Intentions To Seek Professional Mental Health Care., Coralie J. Wilson, Frank P. Deane

Coralie J Wilson

The current study examined the relationship between belief-based barriers to seeking professional mental health care and help-seeking intentions in a sample of 1037 adolescents. From early adolescence to adulthood, for males and females, the need for autonomy was a strong barrier to seeking professional mental health care. Help-seeking fears were weaker in the older age groups. Having lower perceived need for autonomy and believing that prior mental health care was helpful was significantly associated with higher intentions to seek future professional mental health care. Implications for prevention and overcoming barriers to seeking mental health care are suggested.

Ant 360: Topics In Global Health: Hiv/Aids, John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Ant 235: Cultures Of The Caribbean, John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Bureaucratic Advocacy And Ethics A State-Level Case Of Public Agency Rulemaking And Tobacco Control Policy, Michael S. Givel, Andrew Spivak

Michael S. Givel

Before 2001, the Oklahoma Department of Health achieved little to protect the public from the dangers of secondhand tobacco smoke. In an ongoing effort between 2000 and 2003, the department joined with health groups to lobby for stronger requirements, resulting in a new Oklahoma administrative rule in 2002 and legislation in 2003 regulating secondhand tobacco smoke. This action was congruent with the American Society of Public Administration's Code of Ethics for interactive democratic policymaking, in which administrators are required to serve the public interest with compassion, benevolence, fairness, and optimism.

African American Caregiving Grandmothers: Results Of An Intervention To Improve Health Indicators And Health Promotion Behaviors, Susan Kelley, Deborah M. Whitley, Peter Campos

Deborah M. Whitley

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of an intervention to improve the health of grandmothers raising grandchildren. A pre- and post-test design was employed with 504 African American grandmother participants. The intervention included monthly home-based visitation by registered nurses (RNs) and social workers, participation in support groups and parenting classes, referrals for legal services, and early intervention services for children with special needs. The Health Risk Appraisal was used to assess health indicators and health promotion behaviors. A comparison of pre- and post-test scores indicated significant (p < .002) changes in the desired direction for a number of health indicators and health promotion behaviors, including blood pressure, annual routine cancer screenings, frequency of weekly exercise, and improved dietary intake, as well as participants’ perception of their health and life satisfaction. No improvements were observed in the proportion of participants who were obese or overweight.

Dialect-Neutral Indices Of Narrative Cohesion And Evaluation, Frances Burns, Peter A. De Villiers, Barbara Zurer Pearson, Tempii Champion

Barbara Zurer Pearson

Purpose: This study compares the development of essential elements of narrative skill in children from African American English (AAE)- and general American English (GAE)-speaking communities using an innovative elicitation and evaluation paradigm. The measures include: 1) reference contrasting, 2) temporal expressions, 3) mental state descriptions, and 4) understanding of behavior based on false belief. Method: Participants were 291 AAE speakers and 238 GAE speakers, 4 to 9 years of age. Approximately one-third of both dialect groups were identified as language impaired. Children generated two stories based on short picture sequences. Their stories were coded for the four key indices of …

Lsp 110: Alternative Healing In Chicago, John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Ant 102: Cultural Anthropology (Online Version), John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Is The Doctor On? In Search For Users Of Rural Medical Diagnostic Software In Central Himalayas, Payal Arora

Payal Arora

The Indian healthcare sector provides ripe ground for development as access to high-quality and timely medical diagnosis remains unrequited among its vast rural populace. With an acute shortage of doctors in rural areas, medical diagnostic software has been created as a surrogate, propelling non-physician workers to step in. For diagnostic software to function effectively, it is paramount to identify the user. Using an intended pilot programme of RightChoice software in the central Himalayas, the present article focuses on the political and economic complexities involved in identifying users of such software.

Positive Trait Item Response Models, Joseph F. Lucke

Joseph Lucke

A new item response model is proposed for which the trait is positive. Three such models, the loglogistic, the log-normal, and the Weibull, are presented along with their item information curves. The data of seven addiction items from the DSM-IV from a study on alcohol addiction is analyzed by these three models using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The item characteristic curves and item information curves are presented for all three models. The person scores for four item response patterns are presented for the log-logistic model.

Parents, Peers And Pornography: The Influence Of Formative Sexual Scripts On Adult Hiv Sexual Risk Behaviour Among Black Men In The Usa, Sophia A. Hussen, Lisa Bowleg, Thurka Sangaramoorthy, David J. Malebranche

David J Malebranche

Black men in the USA experience disproportionately high rates of HIV infection, particularly in the Southeastern part of the country. We conducted 90 qualitative in-depth interviews with Black men living in the state of Georgia and analysed the transcripts using Sexual Script Theory to: (1) characterise the sources and content of sexual scripts that Black men were exposed to during their childhood and adolescence and (2) describe the potential influence of formative scripts on adult HIV sexual risk behaviour. Our analyses highlighted salient sources of cultural scenarios (parents, peers, pornography, sexual education and television), interpersonal scripts (early sexplay, older female …

Bureaucratic Advocacy And Ethics: A State-Level Case Of Public Agency Rulemaking And Tobacco Control Policy, Michael S. Givel

Michael S. Givel

Before 2001, the Oklahoma Department of Health achieved little to protect the public from the dangers of secondhand tobacco smoke. In an ongoing effort between 2000 and 2003, the department joined with health groups to lobby for stronger requirements, resulting in a new Oklahoma administrative rule in 2002 and legislation in 2003 regulating secondhand tobacco smoke. This action was congruent with the American Society of Public Administration's Code of Ethics for interactive democratic policymaking, in which administrators are required to serve the public interest with compassion, benevolence, fairness, and optimism.

Interpersonal Pathoplasticity In The Course Of Major Depression, Nicole M. Cain, Emily B. Ansell, Aidan G. C. Wright, Christopher J. Hopwood, Katherine M. Thomas, Anthony Pinto, John C. Markowitz, Charles A. Sanislow, Mary C. Zanarini, M. Tracie Shea, Leslie C. Morey, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: The identification of reliable predictors of course in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been difficult. Evidence suggests that the co-occurrence of personality pathology is associated with longer time to MDD remission. Interpersonal pathoplasticity, the mutually influencing nonetiological relationship between psychopathology and interpersonal traits, offers an avenue for examining specific personality vulnerabilities that may be associated with depressive course. Method: This study examined 312 participants with and without a cooccurring personality disorder diagnosis who met criteria for a current MDD episode at baseline and who were followed for 10 years in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Results: Latent profile …

26. “How Did You Feel?”: Increasing Child Sexual Abuse Witnesses’ Production Of Evaluative Information., Thomas D. Lyon, Nicholas Scurich, Karen Choi, Sally Handmaker, Rebecca Blank

Thomas D. Lyon

Mechanisms Of An Occupation-Based Approach For Persons With Chronic Pain And Work Loss., J. Scott, R. Hills, A. Schmidt, J. Stroud, C. Kerr, Lynn Shaw Dr., A. Bossers

Lynn Shaw

Current literature demonstrates a significant investigation of chronic pain. The actual mechanisms that promote adaptation, accommodation, and change, however, are not explicated in the current literature on chronic pain. Our goal was to conduct a mini realist synthesis approach in current literature to identify mechanisms critical to promote return to work (RTW) for persons with chronic pain. Specifically, we sought to identify if the mechanisms of these programs are consistent with an occupation-based approach used in Occupational Therapy (OT).

His Majesty, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Enumeration, Identity, And Health, Thurka Sangaramoorthy, Adia Benton

Thurka Sangaramoorthy

Treating The Numbers: Hiv/Aids Surveillance, Subjectivity, And Risk, Thurka Sangaramoorthy

Thurka Sangaramoorthy

Tacitly Opting Out Of Organ Donation: Too Presumptuous After All?, Jurgen De Wispelaere

Jurgen De Wispelaere

No abstract provided.

Alterations In Error-Related Brain Activity And Post-Error Behavior Over Time, Jason R. Themanson, Matthew B. Pontifex, Charles H. Hillman, Peter J. Rosen, Edward Mcauley

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

This study examines the relation between the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error behavior over time in healthy young adults (N = 61). Event-related brain potentials were collected during two sessions of an identical flanker task. Results indicated changes in ERN and post-error accuracy were related across task sessions, with more negative ERN associated with greater improvements in post-error Accuracy. This relationship was independent of any cross-sectional relationships between overall task performance, individual difference factors, including personality and self-efficacy, and indices of self-regulatory action monitoring. These results indicate that the relation between ERN and post-error accuracy remains intact and consistent regardless …

Inadequate Feeding Of Infant And Young Children In India: Lack Of Nutritional Information Or Food Affordability?, Nisha Malhotra

Nisha Malhotra

Why does child malnutrition persist in India? Amongst the fastest growing economies over the last two decades, India has struggled to make progress in the health of its children. In this article the author argues that the reason malnutrition persists is not limited to poverty or inadequate access to food; but that a lack of nutritional knowledge amongst families plays a very important role.

Scientific Abstract Objective: Despite a rapidly growing economy and rising income levels in India, improvements in child malnutrition have lagged. Data from the most recent National Family Health Survey reveal that the infant and young child …