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Articles 29611 - 29640 of 38857

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Gestation Length, Mode Of Delivery And Neonatal Line Thickness Variation, CléMent Zanolli, Luca Bondioli, Franz Manni, Paola Rossi, Roberto Macchiarelli Dec 2011

Gestation Length, Mode Of Delivery And Neonatal Line Thickness Variation, CléMent Zanolli, Luca Bondioli, Franz Manni, Paola Rossi, Roberto Macchiarelli

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

The transition from an intra- to extra-uterine environment leaves its mark in deciduous teeth (and first permanent molars) as an accentuated enamel incremental ring called the neonatal line (NL). This prominent microfeature separates the enamel formed during intrauterine life from that formed after leaving the womb. However, while the physical structure of this scar is well known, the bases of its formation are still a matter of investigation. In particular, besides the influence of the birth-related abrupt environmental and dietary changes and the role played by physiological factors such as hypocalcaemia, it has been suggested a direct relationship between NL …

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Wind Turbines And Health, Richard Philp Nov 2011

Wind Turbines And Health, Richard Philp

Richard B. Philp

In an effort to reduce the polluting effects of coal-fired electrical generators the Province of Ontario passed the Green Energy Act in 2009. Included in the act were clauses that removed authority from regional governments to control the placement of wind turbine or solar panel 'farms'. In concequence, forests of wind turbines sprang up throughout rural Ontario, angering rural residents and the tourist industry. Despite government claims that low frequency noise (LFN) posed no risks to health, hundreds of complaints quickly surfaced from people experiencing sleep disruption, headache, dizziness, and a host of other neurobehavioural adverse effects. This article reviews …

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Promoting Your Institutional Repository On And Off Campus, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi Nov 2011

Promoting Your Institutional Repository On And Off Campus, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi

Academic Commons and Scott Memorial Library Staff Papers and Presentations

Webinar presentation for Association for Library Collections and Technical Services.

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Teen Stress And Substance Use Problems In Coös: Survey Shows Strong Community Attachment Can Offset Risk, Karen T. Van Gundy, Meghan L. Mills Nov 2011

Teen Stress And Substance Use Problems In Coös: Survey Shows Strong Community Attachment Can Offset Risk, Karen T. Van Gundy, Meghan L. Mills

Carsey School of Public Policy

This brief explores how social stress and community attachment are related to problem alcohol and drug use for girls and boys in Coös County, New Hampshire. The brief uses survey data from the Coös Youth Study, which includes self-reported information from 564 Coös youth who were in seventh and eleventh grades in 2008, and who were surveyed again one year later (in 2009) when they were in eighth and twelfth grades. Nearly one-fourth of youth in Coös County (22 percent of boys and 23 percent of girls) reported at least one alcohol or drug use related problem. The authors note …

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Pepfar’S Declining Investment In Treatment, Matthew Kavanagh, Marguerite Thorp Nov 2011

Pepfar’S Declining Investment In Treatment, Matthew Kavanagh, Marguerite Thorp

Matthew M. Kavanagh

Since its inception in 2003, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has saved millions of lives through providing anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment to people living with HIV/AIDS. However, our analysis of publicly available PEPFAR operational plans shows that funding to AIDS treatment has actually fallen significantly since 2008 in both absolute dollars and as a portion of total budgets—just at a pivotal moment when investment could change the course of the epidemic.

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Suburban Poverty: Barriers To Services And Injury Prevention Among Marginalized Women Who Use Methamphetamine, Miriam W. Boeri, Benjamin Tyndall, Denise R. Woodall Nov 2011

Suburban Poverty: Barriers To Services And Injury Prevention Among Marginalized Women Who Use Methamphetamine, Miriam W. Boeri, Benjamin Tyndall, Denise R. Woodall

Miriam W. Boeri

Objective: This paper aims to identify the needed healthcare and social services barriers for women living in suburban communities who are using or have used methamphetamine. Drug users are vulnerable to injury, violence and transmission of infectious diseases, and having access to healthcare has been shown to positively influence prevention and intervention among this population. Yet little is known regarding the social context of suburban drug users, their risks behaviors, and their access to healthcare. Methods: The data collection involved participant observation in the field, face-to-face interviews and focus groups. Audio-recorded in-depth life histories, drug use histories, and resource needs …

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Development Of A Cohesion Inventory For Children's Sport Teams, Luc J. Martin Nov 2011

Development Of A Cohesion Inventory For Children's Sport Teams, Luc J. Martin

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The general purpose of this dissertation was to develop an inventory designed to measure cohesion in children’s (ages 9-12) sport teams. To this end, three studies were conducted. In Study 1, children became active agents in the process of test construction. More specifically, children (N = 167) participated in focus groups and completed open-ended questionnaires in order to provide information on their perceptions of cohesion as well as motives for participating, continuing, and ceasing involvement on sport teams. Study 2 involved the use of the information obtained from Study 1 to develop potential items for the questionnaire. In addition, the …

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‘The Mental Health Consequences Of Detention For Asylum Seekers And Refugees’., M Hicks Nov 2011

‘The Mental Health Consequences Of Detention For Asylum Seekers And Refugees’., M Hicks

Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks

No abstract provided.

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#Trending Now: Why Black Folk Need To Be In Psychotherapy, Samantha Lynn Gray Nov 2011

#Trending Now: Why Black Folk Need To Be In Psychotherapy, Samantha Lynn Gray

Black Issues Conference

Despite evidence that mental health problems (ranging from very mild to severe) affect all people, the rates of minorities engaged in personal psychotherapy have remained low throughout the past few decades. Historically, minorities have tended to devalue the importance of mental health, and stigmatize therapeutic interventions. This session will focus on why we need to shed the stigma surrounding mental health issues, and detail where we’ve been, where we are, and where we need to head in term of opening ourselves to self-exploration within the realm of psychotherapy. Also learn about how our physical health is intertwined with our mental …

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The Science Of Public Health Delivery: Evidence, Uncertainties & Research Needs, Glen Mays Nov 2011

The Science Of Public Health Delivery: Evidence, Uncertainties & Research Needs, Glen Mays

Glen Mays

Policy initiatives to reform the nation's health system increasingly recognize the need to incorporate public health and prevention strategies. The nation's delivery system for public health, however, varies widely across states and communities in its structure, authority, and capabilities. This session examines research from the growing field of public health services and systems research to identify directions for improving public health delivery.

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The Science Of Public Health Delivery: Evidence, Uncertainties & Research Needs, Glen P. Mays Nov 2011

The Science Of Public Health Delivery: Evidence, Uncertainties & Research Needs, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Policy initiatives to reform the nation's health system increasingly recognize the need to incorporate public health and prevention strategies. The nation's delivery system for public health, however, varies widely across states and communities in its structure, authority, and capabilities. This session examines research from the growing field of public health services and systems research to identify directions for improving public health delivery.

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Estimating The Value Of Public Health Services & Systems: Evidence, Uncertainties, And Research Needs, Glen Mays Nov 2011

Estimating The Value Of Public Health Services & Systems: Evidence, Uncertainties, And Research Needs, Glen Mays

Glen Mays

The Affordable Care Act authorized the largest expansion in federal funding for public health services and delivery systems in decades. These provisions, designed to support programs and services that promote health and prevent disease and injury on a population-wide basis, remain controversial because of uncertainties regarding their effectiveness in improving health and constraining medical cost growth. This session examines a series of recent studies to shed light on the health and economic value of spending on public health.

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Estimating The Value Of Public Health Services & Systems: Evidence, Uncertainties, And Research Needs, Glen P. Mays Nov 2011

Estimating The Value Of Public Health Services & Systems: Evidence, Uncertainties, And Research Needs, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

The Affordable Care Act authorized the largest expansion in federal funding for public health services and delivery systems in decades. These provisions, designed to support programs and services that promote health and prevent disease and injury on a population-wide basis, remain controversial because of uncertainties regarding their effectiveness in improving health and constraining medical cost growth. This session examines a series of recent studies to shed light on the health and economic value of spending on public health.

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Is The Polst Model Desirable For Florida?, Sarah Catherine Spillers, Brittany Lamb Nov 2011

Is The Polst Model Desirable For Florida?, Sarah Catherine Spillers, Brittany Lamb

Florida Public Health Review

Florida has one ofthe largest and most rapidly growing elderly populations in the nation. Although advances in medicine are allowing physicians to extend the lives of elderly patients, advances must simultaneously be made in the end-of-life care arena to ensure that the comfort and quality of life of elderly patients is maintained. This paper argues that use of a Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form in Florida would be effective in increasing the accuracy oftranslating patients’ end-of-life wishes into treatment orders, in ensuring the consistency of treatment across settings, and in improving health care provider compliance with patient …

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Front Of Pack Daily Intake Labelling On Australian Packaged Foods: Introduction And Use 2007-2009, P Williams, R Duncan, K De Agnoli, A Hull, A Owers, T Wang Nov 2011

Front Of Pack Daily Intake Labelling On Australian Packaged Foods: Introduction And Use 2007-2009, P Williams, R Duncan, K De Agnoli, A Hull, A Owers, T Wang

Peter Williams

This study aimed to measure the extent of use of front-of-pack daily intake (DI) labelling across food categories in Australian supermarkets, and assess the level of compliance with the Australian Food and Grocery Council (AFGC) guidelines. Surveys of six supermarkets in the Illawarra region of New South Wales were conducted twice a year in 2007, 2008 and 2009. The number of products with DI labelling increased from 58 in February 2007 to 1939 in August 2009 and appears to be growing strongly. The greatest number of products with the labelling are in the biscuits and crackers, cooking sauces, breakfast cereals, …

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Breast Cancer Detection Messages In Australian Print Media Advertising - Are They Promoting Correct Information?, Sandra C. Jones, John R. Rossiter Nov 2011

Breast Cancer Detection Messages In Australian Print Media Advertising - Are They Promoting Correct Information?, Sandra C. Jones, John R. Rossiter

Sandra Jones

With breast cancer now the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the western world, correct information about detection and treatment is vitally important. The media are often accused of conveying inaccurate information in their editorial coverage of health issues, but few studies have examined the accuracy of information in media advertising. In this study of breast cancer detection ads in Australian magazines and newspapers, many instances of misleading information were found. As the print media have a major influence on women's health beliefs, these findings have serious implications for health communication policy regarding socially responsible advertising.

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Disease Awareness Advertising: Women's Intentions Following Exposure, Danika Hall, Sandra C. Jones, Donald C. Iverson Nov 2011

Disease Awareness Advertising: Women's Intentions Following Exposure, Danika Hall, Sandra C. Jones, Donald C. Iverson

Sandra Jones

Background: In Australia, where direct to consumer advertising of prescription medicines is prohibited, pharmaceutical companies can sponsor disease awareness advertising targeting consumers. This study examined the impact of disease awareness advertising exposure on older women's reported behavioural intentions. Method: Women were approached in a shopping centre and randomly assigned mock advertisements for two health conditions. Disease information and sponsors were manipulated. Results: Two hundred and forty-one women responded to 466 advertisements. Almost half reported an intention to ask their doctor for a prescription or referral as a result of seeing the advertisement, but more reported they would talk to their …

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Alcohol Energy Drinks: Is It Time For The Alcohol Industry To Demonstrate Some Corporate Social Responsibility?, Sandra Jones Nov 2011

Alcohol Energy Drinks: Is It Time For The Alcohol Industry To Demonstrate Some Corporate Social Responsibility?, Sandra Jones

Sandra Jones

There is increasing evidence of association between AEDs and both increased alcohol consumption and increased alcohol-related harm. Australia lags behind other countries in researching and regulating (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) energy drinks. Twelve focus groups were conducted with 12-17 year olds in a capital city, regional city and rural city in NSW, Australia. AEDs were popular among teenagers in urban, regional and rural areas of NSW. Adolescents liked AEDs because they provide increased energy while allowing them to feel the effects of alcohol, and because of their similarity to non-alcohol energy drinks and soft drinks. Given the industry’s stated position on …

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Point-Of-Sale Alcohol Promotions In The Perth And Sydney Metropolitan Areas, Sandra C. Jones, Lance R. Barrie Nov 2011

Point-Of-Sale Alcohol Promotions In The Perth And Sydney Metropolitan Areas, Sandra C. Jones, Lance R. Barrie

Sandra Jones

There is considerable evidence that reducing the price of alcohol increases the amount consumed, particularly among young people. However, there is an absence of research on other point-of-sale (POS) alcohol marketing strategies - such as those that ‘reward’ purchasers with free gifts. The purpose of the present study was to document the nature and extent of POS alcohol promotions in bottle shops in two Australian capital cities. An audit tool was developed and point-of-sale promotions were found to be ubiquitous, with 416 promotions identified across 24 audits (an average of 17.3 promotions per outlet; 19.8 in Sydney and 14.9 in …

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Methodological Difficulties In A Systematic Review Of Social Marketing For Sun Protection: Implications For Research And Practice, Sandra C. Jones, Keryn Johnson Nov 2011

Methodological Difficulties In A Systematic Review Of Social Marketing For Sun Protection: Implications For Research And Practice, Sandra C. Jones, Keryn Johnson

Sandra Jones

This paper reports on a systematic review of all published skin cancer primary prevention interventions aimed at improving the sun protection of children and adolescents, from 1980 to 2005. This was undertaken to inform the development of future social marketing campaigns for the prevention of skin cancer. Rather than reporting the findings of the review, in terms of conclusions drawn about the effectiveness of interventions, this paper focuses on the systematic review process itself - identifying and discussing the methodological difficulties that arose in conducting this review. These difficulties, from lack of information on the development and theoretical background of …

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Evaluating The Impact Of The Dandenong Public Drinking Campaign, Lance R. Barrie, Sandra C. Jones, Dona Macik, Peter Griffith Nov 2011

Evaluating The Impact Of The Dandenong Public Drinking Campaign, Lance R. Barrie, Sandra C. Jones, Dona Macik, Peter Griffith

Sandra Jones

In 2009, Dandenong launch a campaign targeting drinking in public places using stencils, posters and stickers in community settings and bottle-shops. An evaluation was undertaken and 152 participants completed a survey where elements of the Health Belief Model (HBM) were explored. Over 65% of respondents reported that they had seen at least 4 different advertisements, suggesting that the campaign dissemination was very effective. The campaign had a high recall rate and over 25% of people had either stopped or intended to stop drinking in public places. Overall, awareness of the negative effects of drinking in public increased; however no follow …

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Process Evaluation Of An Innovative Sun Protection Intervention Targeting Adolescents, Sandra C. Jones, Keryn M. Johnson, Donald C. Iverson, Jeffrey Thom Nov 2011

Process Evaluation Of An Innovative Sun Protection Intervention Targeting Adolescents, Sandra C. Jones, Keryn M. Johnson, Donald C. Iverson, Jeffrey Thom

Sandra Jones

The purpose of the current intervention was to target a defined segment of the adolescent population with a sun protection ‘offering’ that positioned sun protection as beneficial and addressed identified barriers (particularly inconvenience and image). A community intervention was conducted in one defined geographic region over the 2009/2010 Summer school holidays. Key elements of the intervention included the distribution of augmented products, promotional materials with a pre-tested impactful message, and partnerships with community and commercial organisations. The intervention was successful in creating interest and attention among adolescents. This paper reports on the process evaluations, focusing on barriers, facilitators and lessons …

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"At Least I'M Not Drink-Driving": Formative Research For A Social Marketing Campaign To Reduce Drug-Driving Among Young Drivers, Lance R. Barrie, Sandra C. Jones, Elizabeth Wiese Nov 2011

"At Least I'M Not Drink-Driving": Formative Research For A Social Marketing Campaign To Reduce Drug-Driving Among Young Drivers, Lance R. Barrie, Sandra C. Jones, Elizabeth Wiese

Sandra Jones

This paper reports on a qualitative study designed to examine young drivers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding drug-driving, as the formative research for a potential drug-driving social marketing program in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Drug driving has been found to be associated with motor vehicle accidents, particularly among younger drivers. However, the potential for social marketing in this area has received little attention. This study found that young people were not aware of the effects of drugs on driving, formed their perceptions of risk (both of getting caught and of impaired driving) based on other people’s experiences, and felt that …

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General Practice Registrars: Attitudes Of Older Patients, Andrew D. Bonney, Sandra C. Jones, Lyn Phillipson, Donald C. Iverson Nov 2011

General Practice Registrars: Attitudes Of Older Patients, Andrew D. Bonney, Sandra C. Jones, Lyn Phillipson, Donald C. Iverson

Sandra Jones

Previous research indicates that older patients may be less willing to consult general practice registrars (GPRs), reducing training opportunities in chronic/complex care. This survey explores older patients’ attitudes in order to inform models of interaction that would be acceptable to patients. METHODS Ten training general practices distributed questionnaires for self completion to 50 patients aged 60 years and over. Chi-square, Spearman’s rho and logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS The response rate was 47%. Ninetysix percent wanted ongoing contact with their general practitioner if they saw a GPR. Twenty-four percent were comfortable with GPR chronic/complex care, increasing to 73% …

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Case Study In Academic And Industry Collaboration: The Development Of An Adolescent Targeted Sun Protection Intervention In Nsw, Melinda Williams, Sandra Jones, Donald Iverson, Peter Caputi, Sofia Potente Nov 2011

Case Study In Academic And Industry Collaboration: The Development Of An Adolescent Targeted Sun Protection Intervention In Nsw, Melinda Williams, Sandra Jones, Donald Iverson, Peter Caputi, Sofia Potente

Sandra Jones

Academic and industry collaboration is increasingly identified as a critical element in the future health of Australians through linking theory and practice, with the major priority for academic institutions being the identification of new knowledge and the transfer of this knowledge into changes in policy and health services. Collaborations between academia and industry are increasingly encouraged in Australia by research funding schemes such as ARCLinkage and, more recently, NHMRC Partnerships. While a recent US study suggests that such schemes have a moderate effect on academics’ propensity to work with industry (Bozeman and Gaughan, 2007), industry groups have recognised the value …

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Preparing For An Ageing Population: A Survey Of Older Patients' Attitudes To General Practice Registrars, Andrew D. Bonney, Sandra C. Jones, Lyn Phillipson, Donald C. Iverson Nov 2011

Preparing For An Ageing Population: A Survey Of Older Patients' Attitudes To General Practice Registrars, Andrew D. Bonney, Sandra C. Jones, Lyn Phillipson, Donald C. Iverson

Sandra Jones

The ageing population makes it imperative to provide appropriate training for general practice registrars (GPRs) in the community-based care of older patients. However, data suggest that older patients may be less willing to consult GPRs for chronic/complex care; adversely affecting training opportunities and potentially the satisfaction of older patients in training practices. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate this concern in the Australian context and develop models of older patient-GPR interaction that are acceptable to patients.

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The Effect Of Exercise On The Skeletal Muscle Phospholipidome Of Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, Todd W. Mitchell, N. Turner, Paul Else, Anthony J. Hulbert, John Hawley, Jong Sam Lee, Clinton Bruce, Stephen J. Blanksby Nov 2011

The Effect Of Exercise On The Skeletal Muscle Phospholipidome Of Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, Todd W. Mitchell, N. Turner, Paul Else, Anthony J. Hulbert, John Hawley, Jong Sam Lee, Clinton Bruce, Stephen J. Blanksby

Stephen Blanksby

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle phospholipid molecular species from high-fat fed rats. Twelve female Sprague- Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (78.1% energy). The rats were randomly divided into two groups, a sedentary control group and a trained group (125 min of treadmill running at 8 m/min, 4 days/wk for 4 weeks). Forty-eight hours after their last training bout phospholipids were extracted from the red and white vastus lateralis and analyzed by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Exercise training was associated with significant alterations in the relative abundance of a …

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Paradoxical Reversal Learning Enhancement By Stress Or Prefrontal Cortical Damage: Rescue With Bdnf., Carolyn Graybeal, Michael Feyder, Emily Schulman, Lisa M Saksida, Timothy J Bussey, Jonathan L Brigman, Andrew Holmes Nov 2011

Paradoxical Reversal Learning Enhancement By Stress Or Prefrontal Cortical Damage: Rescue With Bdnf., Carolyn Graybeal, Michael Feyder, Emily Schulman, Lisa M Saksida, Timothy J Bussey, Jonathan L Brigman, Andrew Holmes

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Stress affects various forms of cognition. We found that moderate stress enhanced late reversal learning in a mouse touchscreen-based choice task. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) lesions mimicked the effect of stress, whereas orbitofrontal and dorsolateral striatal lesions impaired reversal. Stress facilitation of reversal was prevented by BDNF infusion into the vmPFC. These findings suggest a mechanism by which stress-induced vmPFC dysfunction disinhibits learning by alternate (for example, striatal) systems.

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"Not If, But When": Sex, Risk, And Trust In Timing Gardasil Vaccine Decisions, An Exploratory Study Among Healthcare Providers And Middle-Class Parents In The U.S., Kathleen Marie Brelsford Nov 2011

"Not If, But When": Sex, Risk, And Trust In Timing Gardasil Vaccine Decisions, An Exploratory Study Among Healthcare Providers And Middle-Class Parents In The U.S., Kathleen Marie Brelsford

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation research explores how values regarding sexuality, morality, responsibility, protection, trust, and risk — expressed through parent, daughter, and healthcare provider relationships and interactions — inform parental decisions regarding the Gardasil® vaccine. In particular, the research examines the competing and conflicting meanings that parents and providers ascribe to vaccination and how actors position the vaccine within a wider set of negotiated, value–laden discourses. Because these narratives are situated within a larger structural field that shapes the landscape in which providers and parents interact, relevant historical and structural factors, including vaccine policy, cost, and compensation are discussed.

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The Consequences Of Early Onset Alcohol Experimentation: Adaptive Exploration On Downward Trajectory, Marjorie Grefer Nov 2011

The Consequences Of Early Onset Alcohol Experimentation: Adaptive Exploration On Downward Trajectory, Marjorie Grefer

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.

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