Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Concept Of Dual-Track System For Enhancing China’S Scientific Research Institution And R&D System, Lu Chen, Ping Huang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Through an analysis of the scientific research institution and R&D system of three typical models in the United States, Germany, and Japan, this study summarizes six common characteristics of the scientific research institution and R&D system. Based on this, it analyzes the current status and issues of China’s scientific research institution and R&D system. Finally, this study proposes the establishment of a dual-track scientific research institution and R&D system. On the one hand, it suggests creating a new track of R&D policies aimed at the private sector to address questions like why innovate, where to innovate, and how to innovate …

Platform Practice And Exploration Of Science Popularization By One Body With Two Wings Mode: Take Innovation China-Academician Opening Lecture As An Example, Kun Bai, Baoyu Jia

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Science popularization is not only an activity of the state and society to popularize scientific and technological knowledge, promote scientific spirit, propagate scientific ideas and advocate scientific method, but also an important foundation for achieving innovative development. Based on the in-depth study on General Secretary Xi Jinping important remarks of science and technology innovation and science popularization, and science communication Dialogue Model, this study puts forward a dynamic model of One Body with Two Wings. Combine with Innovation China-Academician Opening Lecture of science popularization practice, this study analyzes the effectiveness and experience of the expert groups represented by the academicians …

How Can China Avoid The Middle-Technology Trap?, Yongnian Zheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No matter from the perspective of supply chain, industrial chain or value chain, China’s current technology is generally at a middle-technology level. The status quo of Chinese technological development has the following three characteristics. First, there is a lack of original technology, which means technological creation from “0 to 1”. Second, technological development is mainly applied technology. If we measure China’s level of applied technology development from “1 to 10”, China is in the position of “4 to 7” on the scale of “1 to 10”, but lacks the technical level of “8 to 10”. In other words, China’s applied …

Empirical Analysis For China’S Middle-Technology Status, Ge Lai, Bo Meng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

After years of development, it is evident that China’s manufacturing industry has been seen a significant improvement in its scale and coverage. However, it has still not broken free from the dilemma of being big but not strong, comprehensive but not excellent. This phenomenon has garnered extensive attention from both the academic and policy communities. This study contends that technological progress is the core of high-quality development in the manufacturing industry. Through empirical research, it is discovered that for latecomer countries in the early stages of economic development, achieving economic growth and income improvement through technology imitation is relatively feasible. …

How To Bypass Middle-Technology Trap: Lessons From Successful Experience Of East Asian Economies, Ge Lai, Zilan Huang, Haoyan Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the second half of the 20th century, a few East Asian economies successfully bypassed the middle-technology trap through technological progress and industrial upgrading. How could these economies utilize foreign technology, thereby catching up with and surpassing the medium level of technological development, stepping into the edge of technological frontier? Their successful experience can be used by China to stride over the trap. This study analyzes the common elements of the success of these economies from both external and internal aspects. Externally, these economies happened to be benefited from an international business environment that is open and free. Consequently, the …

How To Improve Pure Basic Research System In China?, Randong Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

A major pillar of the new innovation-driven three-pronged development model is pure basic research. With the development of an innovation-driven economy, pure basic research has become increasingly important in promoting scientific and technological progress. In the past few decades, China has made a lot of progress in pure basic research. However, in the new three-pronged development model consisting of the pure basic research system, the applied technology system and the financial support system, pure basic research is generally where China’s weakness lies. This study proposes that in order to comprehensively improve China’s pure basic research capabilities, we must first clarify …

How To Improve Application Technology System?, Han Jiang, Weichuang Fang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

One of the ways to break through the middle-technology trap is to require enterprises or institutions to transform basic scientific research into applied technology, which cannot be separated from the support of application technology systems. It has proven that a perfect application technology system is conducive to enhancing the country’s scientific and technological strength. China’s technological innovation has a clear application orientation, nevertheless, there are still some shortcomings in the application technology system. The constraints of traditional institutional mechanisms still exist, the contradiction between planned and market economic measures has not been completely resolved; research and application are relatively independent, …

Scientific And Technological Population, Tacit Technological Knowledge And Applied Technological System In China, Randong Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

One of the conditions for breaking through the middle-technology trap is that there are some companies or institutions that could transform basic research into applied technologies. The progress of applied technology, as well as the inventions and new products and services produced by the applied technology system, play an important role in increasing productivity, improving quality of life, and promoting social and economic development. Different from the situation in basic scientific research, China’s applied technology used to be among the most advanced in the world in history. It was not until the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century …

Towards A Comprehensive Venture Capital Model: Enhancing China’S Innovation And Technology Ecosystem Through Global Insights, Xuanming Pan, Aiwen Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Innovation needs financial support. In the process of basic research and the transformation of applied technology, finance plays an important role. The risk appetite of the traditional financial system, however, fails to match with the financial demand of technology innovation. By contrast, venture capital fills the gaps in meeting the demand for funds, and simultaneously, plays the role of value discovery, guides the direction of research and development, and so on. In recent years, while China’s venture capital has developed rapidly, the venture capital system still needs to be improved. This study compares and analyzes the global representative models including …

How Does China’S Chip Industry Overcome Middle-Technology Trap?, Rui Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Due to China’s great attention to and strong support for the chip industry, China’s chip technology level has made considerable progress. Nevertheless, compared with the United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and other countries, there is still a big gap. Specially, in the high-end chip product market, the scenario that China is subject to others has not been fundamentally changed. This study finds that to solve the stuck neck problem of China’s chip industry, it is needed to analyze internal institutional factors. China’s chip technology progress requires joint promotion from multiple actors, namely, government, enterprises, universities and research institutions to …

How Enterprises Achieve Technological Progress Through Openness?, Yongnian Zheng, Lanmeng Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the main body of a country’s economic activities, enterprises play an important role in transforming basic scientific research into applied technology to achieve technological upgrading of national industries. It is crucial to explore how Chinese enterprises can achieve rapid technological upgrading and industrial transformation in order to realize the transition from quantitative economic development to high-quality economic development. It is worth noting that in key technological fields such as chips, precision manufacturing, medical devices, and artificial intelligence, core technologies are still firmly controlled by enterprises in developed countries such as Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Currently, …

Overcoming Middle-Technology Trap: Role Of Regional Science And Technology Innovation Highlands, Dongni He, Da Yi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Building regional scientific and technological innovation highlands is an important solution to the problem of the middle-technology trap. Scientific and technological innovation highlands play significant roles on and carry out major tasks such as breaking through original technological innovation barriers, facilitating efficient conversion of scientific and technological fruits, attracting and gathering global high-end innovation factors, and creating an open and competitive innovation ecosystem. They serve as leaders, pioneers, and experimental fields in promoting the country to transcend the middle-technology trap. In this regard, this study attempts to review and summarize relevant literature on regional innovation systems, elucidate the role of …

Policy Research On Allocation Of Science And Technology Funds For State Key Laboratory After Reorganization, Bo Zhang, Xue Wang, Congli Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The state key laboratory is an important component of the national strategic scientific and technological strength. The CPC Central Committee made a major decision to reorganize the state key laboratory system, proposed to increase investment in the reorganized state key laboratory, and to reform support policies. Aiming to achieve sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels, studying the funds allocation of state key laboratory in the new era has important practical and far-reaching significance. In the previous practice, China’s allocation of funds for state key laboratory has 4 problems, such as weak correlation between fund allocation and the mission orientation …

Probe Into Mental Health Issues Caused By Major Natural Disasters And Crisis Interventions, Yankun Sun, Yimiao Gong, Xuebing Huang, Ying Qian, Siwei Sun, Hongguang Chen, Lin Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Major natural disasters not only cause severe personnel casualties and social losses, but also bring long-lasting mental health issues related to psychological trauma. Timely and efficient post-disaster crisis interventions can avoid indelible psychological damages that disasters bring to populations such as survivors, victims’ families, witnesses, and rescuers. This article overviews the impact of major natural disasters on mental health and the characteristics of post-disaster psychological crisis. It also summarizes previous experience in post-disaster crisis interventions. In addition, it probes into future post-disaster crisis interventions, including improvement of the legal system for crisis intervention, clarification of the role of the government …

The 14-Day Rule For In Vitro Human Embryo Research Requires Adjustment: From A Comprehensive Perspective Of Science, Ethics And Policy Research, Xiao Lu, Ming Zhao, Huihui Liu, Tianqing Li, Tao Tan, Weizhi Ji

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since it was proposed, in vitro human embryo research had been following the 14-day rule, which limited in vitro research on human embryos within 14 days after fertilization. With the advancement in embryo culturing technology, this ethical rule has been greatly challenged. In 2021, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) recommended a conditional extension of the existing time limit in ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, hence the international scientific community has restarted the debate on the 14-day rule. This study systematically analyzed the historical background and controversies of the 14-day rule ethical regulation of …

Reflections On Empowering China’S Digital Economy To Enhance International Competitiveness Through Tax System Reform, Yang Xue, Lina Hu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

At present, promoting the continuous improvement of the international competitiveness of the digital economy has become a new track for countries to compete. The study stands that the tax reform in the digital economy era is based on the accelerated evolution from the industrial economy to the digital economy, the wider application scenarios of digital technology, and the continuous improvement of the breadth and depth of digital infrastructure coverage. This study analyzes the problems arising from the development of the digital economy at this stage, such as the decline in the regulatory role of traditional tax functions, the loss of …

Policy Overview (October, 2023)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of Racially Disparate Impacts On Housing For The City Of Tukwila, Washington, Neil Tabor

Community and Regional Planning Program: Professional Projects

The housing crisis within the Pacific Northwest of the United States has prompted action from Washington legislators, resulting in Governor Inslee identifying housing as a key priority and the legislature passing a number of forward-thinking bills in the last half decade, requiring the allocation of more resources, and asking more of jurisdictions to address current housing needs and anticipated future growth. Layered within the planning efforts for future growth are concerns and considerations for the potential of new housing development to perpetuate and exacerbate societal inequities built on discriminatory housing policies and practices of generations past and present. In an …

Oregon Transportation Plan: Innovations In The Exploratory Scenario Planning Approach, Adam Argo, Jonathan Slason

PSU Transportation Seminars

This seminar reviews the recently-adopted Oregon Transportation Plan and the process and innovations that underpinned the analysis to identify a preferred set of investments and actions to support the vision and goals of the plan. The plan used innovative methods for communicating how investment strategies may affect regions or example households across the state. Funding is a key influence on how the plan by identifying the affects of inadequate funding and identifying how investment priorities change if funding increases. The Statewide VisionEval strategic travel model was used to conduct an exploratory scenario planning process that informed the relationships between funding, …

The Perspectives Of Ghanaian Political Leaders And Citizens Concerning The Development And Implementation Of The Ghana Vision 2020 Development Plan, Kwame Aduhene-Kwarteng

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative research case study is to collect, investigate, and assess Ghanaian citizens’ and political leaders’ perspectives and viewpoints regarding the success or failure of Ghana Vision 2020 and the challenges facing developing nations. The study used a descriptive approach to examine Ghana’s Vision 2020 and the country’s development challenges using a descriptive methodology and primary and secondary sources. The 105 participants for the study included 65 males and 40 females living in Ghana. The theoretical framework of this study are modernization, globalization, and dependency theories. To that end, the study set out to investigate the question: …

Sex And Violence: An Exploratory Study Of Changes In Male And Female Violent Offenders' Choices Of Weapon And Victim Over Time, Lindsey Hutton Nagle

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Violent offenses are part of the history of humankind, and as such, both male and female violent offenders have perpetrated these acts, often with gender differences between male and female offenders present. As more women leave the home and enter the workplace, the gap in gender roles has narrowed, so it follows that this narrowing may also be reflected in the actions of violent offenders. Although there are various explanations for the narrowing of the gender gap in crime, understanding the differences between male and female offenders can help inform gender-based interventions. To address this idea, the type of weapon …

Introducing Just Competition Theory: Christian Realist Strategic Risk Management In Great Power Competition, Jason A. Byrd

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

How can a Christian Realist approach shape United States security policy to manage strategic risk during Great Power Competition? This work finds that Just War Theory, in particular jus in bello (behavior in war), is a common method used by Christian Realists to determine actions and manage consequences in war; however, it is not optimal for the challenges posed in Competition. A complementary structure uniquely applicable to actions below the threshold of armed conflict is needed. This argument is manifested through Just Competition Theory or jus in contentione. In a complex environment of Great Power Competition, principles of jus in …

The Unyielding Menace: Investigating The Global Impact Of The Islamic State (Is) And The Rise Of Non-State Actors In Modern Security, Sohail Ahmad, Maria Jawad Khan

CBER Conference

This research paper delves into the profound impact of the Islamic State on global terrorism and security dynamics. By exploring the origins, ideology, organization, recruitment methods, and operational strategies of the Islamic State, this research unravel the intricate web that fuels its rise. Through a case study approach, the research sheds light on the global reach of the Islamic State, its vast networks, and the powerful motivations behind its actions.

Improving Our Vision Ii: Building Transparency And Cooperation, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Workshop on Space Situational Awareness Data Sharing Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies World Security Institute’s Center for Defense Information Secure World Foundation London, United Kingdom, October 2007

This was the second workshop to bring together a range of stakeholders to discuss global needs and capabilities for Space Situational Awareness (SSA). The first workshop was held in September 2006 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This 2006 workshop was sponsored by the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies and the World Security Institute’s Center for Defense Information. The 2006 workshop report can be found at the following internet site: http://www.cdi.org/PDFs/SSAConference_screen. …

Space Based Solar Power Workshop, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Preventing resource conflicts in the face of increasing global populations and demands in the 21st century is a high priority for the United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DOD). All solution options to these challenges should be explored, including opportunities from space.

Future Of Space Commerce Workshop: Reducing Risks And Fostering Partnerships – Synergies Between Civil, Military, Commercial, And New Space, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Futron Corporation NASA Ames Research Center Breckenridge, Colorado, August 2007

The Future of Space Commerce Workshop brought together participants from the civil, military, commercial, and new space sectors, and relevant academic, consulting, business, and financial organizations to discuss and explore how risks associated with space commerce development can be reduced, and to examine synergies to strengthen and advance partnerships between the sectors. The workshop was hosted by the United States (U.S.) Air Force Academy Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies in cooperation with Futron Corporation and NASA Ames Research Center.

China Working Group: China, Space, And Strategy, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University Keystone, Colorado, June 2007

Chinese advances in its space program in recent years has led to a growing international interest in the implications of Chinese programs in the civil, military, and commercial space sectors. This workshop, sponsored by the United States (U.S.) Air Force Academy Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies and the Air University School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, brought together a community of experts and policy-makers to discuss the implications of current and future Chinese space developments on space …

Summer Space Seminar 2007, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Space Policy Institute, George Washington University Colorado and Washington, DC, May – June 2007

The Summer Space Seminar 2007 proffered two principal goals: (1) to foster an education and interest in the interdisciplinary areas of space with the intent to develop space professionals now or in the future; and (2) to develop a network of relations across future civil, commercial, and military space professionals that will likely emerge from the participants in the Seminar.

National Space Forum 2007: Towards A Theory Of Spacepower, Charles D. Lutes

Space and Defense

Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Colorado Springs, Colorado, January 2007

The Spacepower Theory Project seeks to gain insight into human behavior in outer space. The project’s overall objective is to develop a theoretical framework that helps to define, categorize, explain and anticipate ways in which “spacepower” may be pursued, how the various facets of spacepower connect to each other, and how they relate to the other instrumentalities of power that state and non-state actors may seek to achieve or retain.

Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies Program Annals, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.