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Diversity In Ancestral Caddo Vessel Forms In East Texas Archaeological Sites, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Ceramic vessels from ancestral Caddo sites in East Texas are diverse in form, size, manufacture, and decoration, both spatially and temporally. Variation in these attributes, including vessel form, also “is connected with particular local and regional traditions." In this study, I am concerned with defining the character and formal identification of Caddo vessel forms on sites in the region. To both appreciate and understand the meaning of vessel form diversity in Caddo vessel assemblages in East Texas— or any other part of the much larger southern Caddo area—the consistent identification of different vessel forms and vessel shapes is crucial. The …

Some Ancestral Caddo Sites On Bayou Loco In The Angelina River Basin, Nacogdoches County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological research has been ongoing since the 1930s along Bayou Loco in the western part of Nacogdoches County in the East Texas Pineywoods. Bayou Loco is a southward-flowing tributary to the Angelina River.

Jackson note that it was the proposed construction of the Bayou Loco Reservoir (Lake Nacogdoches) in 1972 that led to an important surge in the extent of archaeological research along Bayou Loco, beginning with an archaeological survey, followed up by excavations at several sites that would be inundated by the lake, principally the Mayhew site (41NA21) and the Deshazo site (41NA13/27). The Deshazo site’s Caddo cemetery had …

41an28: An Ancestral Caddo Settlement On Mound Prairie Creek In The Neches River Basin In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41AN28 is an extensive ancestral Caddo settlement on an alluvial terrace on the west side of Mound Prairie Creek in the Post Oak Savannah of East Texas. Mound Prairie Creek is an southward- and eastward-flowing tributary to the Neches River. The confluence of the two streams lies about 20 km to the east.

Directly to the east of 41AN28 on the east side of Mound Prairie Creek lies the Pace McDonald site (41AN51). This site is an important Middle Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1200-1400) mound center with at least two earthen mounds and a settlement that covers more than …

Woodland And Caddo Period Sites At Toledo Bend Reservoir, Northwest Louisiana And East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Toledo Bend Reservoir is one of the largest artificial lakes in the United States and the largest reservoir in the South. The lake is approximately 65 miles long and contains over 1200 miles of shoreline in both Louisiana and Texas. Construction began in 1964 with completion of the power plant, with the subsequent filling of the lake in 1969. Archaeological investigations at Toledo Bend Reservoir on the Sabine River and tributaries in both Louisiana and Texas took place primarily took during the 1960s, with survey and excavations, sometimes of a very limited nature by the University of Texas (UT) and …

Caddo Ceramic Vessels From The Womack Site (41lr1), Lamar County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Womack site (41LR1) is an ancestral Caddo settlement situated on an alluvial terrace in a horseshoe bend of the Red River in north central Lamar County in East Texas. Harris completed the analysis and study of their 1938-mid-1960s investigations at the site, but the findings from the earlier archaeological investigations conducted at the site by the University of Texas (UT) in 1931 have only been recently published.

Titus Phase Ceramic Vessels From The W. L. Willeford Farm, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The W. L. Willeford site (41UR5) is a Late Caddo period Titus phase cemetery of unknown size. It is in the Little Walnut Creek basin, and Little Walnut Creek is a southward-flowing tributary to Little Cypress Creek in the East Texas Pineywoods.

Some time prior to 1930, Caddo vessels had been exposed by erosion at the site, and other vessels were plowed up in 1930. University of Texas (UT) archaeologists led by B. B. Gardner excavated at the site in July 1931, but found no burials. The UT archaeologists purchased Caddo vessels from the landowner, along with three elbow pipes, …

Documentation Of Ceramic Vessels From An Early Caddo Period Feature At The Boxed Spring Site (41ur30) Site, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Boxed Spring site (41UR30) is an ancestral Caddo mound center of apparent Early Caddo age (ca. A.D. 900-1200) on the Sabine River, situated on an upland landform a short distance upstream from the Sabine River’s confluence with Big Sandy Creek (Figure 1). The site is located in the modern East Texas Pineywoods, and is estimated to cover approximately 48 acres of a large and prominent upland ridge projection.

There are four mounds (A-D) at the site arranged around an open area or central plaza, and there were several habitation areas to the north and south of the sets of …

Prehistoric Sites In The Sabine River Valley In Northeastern Smith County, Texas Timothy K. Perttula And Mark Walters, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In the winter of 2003, the junior author completed archaeological survey investigations of a small area of the Sabine River valley in northeastern Smith County in the East Texas Pineywoods. The work consisted of limited surface collections and shovel tests, and four archaeological sites were found during the work. The sites are about 2.4-3.0 km south-southwest of the Early Caddo period Boxed Spring mound site (41UR30) on the north side of the Sabine River.

Two of the archaeological sites (41SM307 and 41SM308) are situated on alluvial landforms in the Sabine River valley at elevations of ca. 280-290 ft. amsl. The …

The J. M. Snow Site (41ce8) In The Neches River Basin, Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The J. M. Snow site (41CE8) is an ancestral Caddo habitation site and probable small cemetery in the Pineywoods of East Texas. According to Jackson, the site had two habitation areas along the bank of an old channel of the Neches River, each some 300 m from an area where the landowner found 8-10 ceramic vessels from one or more burials that had eroded into a ravine. A Bullard Brushed jar was purchased from the landowner.

One of the habitation areas had a well-preserved midden deposit about 4.6-7.6 m in diameter and ca. 46-76 cm in thickness. University of Texas …

Ceramic Petrographic Analysis Of Sites 41cp71, 41bw2, 41bw5, And 41sm442, Northeast Texas, David G. Robinson, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A total of 61 ancestral Caddo ceramic sherds from four village sites in Northeast Texas were studied by ceramic petrographic methods in 2014. The sample sherds were excavated from their sites under controlled conditions and were either archived at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (41BW2), Stephen F. Austin State University (41CP71), or remain in private hands (41SM442). Recently, they were selected for combined petrographic and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), although only the sherds from the Alligator Pond site (41SM442) have actually been submitted and analyzed by INAA at this time. This combination …

An Aggregate Of Spear Points From Atoka County, Oklahoma, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Nine spear points were reported from a farm in northwestern Atoka County, Oklahoma. This aggregate of points appeared to bean isolate as no other prehistoric material was found in the vicinity. The following study discusses the setting and nature of the specimens, stylistic attributes of the spear points and their age, technological and functional characteristics of the pieces, and whether these items represent caching behavior.

A Reconstruction Of The Caddo Salt Making Process At Drake’S Salt Works, Paul N. Eubanks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Caddo salt makers at the Drake’s Salt Works Site Complex in northwestern Louisiana played a critical role in the production and trade of salt during the eighteenth century. Not only was salt used to season food, it would have also been important in the preparation of animal hides and the preservation of meat. Using archaeological data from recent excavations, as well as the historic record, this paper attempts to provide a reconstruction of the salt making process at Drake’s Salt Works. This process involved filtering salt-impregnated soil using water from nearby streams and boiling the resulting liquid brine in …

The Petrographic Analysis Of Sherds From The Craig Mound At The Spiro Site (34lf40), The Moore #3/Ainsworth Site (34lf31), And The Geren Site (34lf36), Leflore County, Oklahoma, Lori B. Love, Steve A. Tomka, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

James A. Brown commissioned James W. Porter to carry out a preliminary assessment of the paste of sherds from the Spiro site (34Lf40), as well as sherds from the nearby Geren (34Lf36) and Moore (34Lf31) sites. According to Brown, Porter’s goal was to “make assessments of the clay mineralogy and petrography of thin sections,” specifically with an “interest in discriminating between (1) grog and grit temper and (2) shell and grog temper with shell inclusions.” Twenty-nine thin sections were prepared, 27 from sherds from the Craig Mound, and one sherd each from the Moore/ Ainsworth and Geren sites, both not …

Revisiting A Historic Manuscript: Vere Huddleston’S Report On East Place (3cl21) Excavations, Mary B. Trubitt, Linda Evans

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Vere L. Huddleston was one of several amateur archaeologists who excavated Caddo sites in Clark County, Arkansas, during the 1930s and 1940s. Huddleston took better notes about the sites and contexts of his finds than many of his contemporaries. His large collection of artifacts is now part of the Joint Educational Consortium’s Hodges Collection in Arkadelphia. A manuscript on his excavations at the East Place – the largest Caddo mound group in Clark County – is presented here with new vessel documentation and grave lot information. Since many of these artifacts have appeared in previous publications with little description, this …

Crevice Interments Deconstructed, Stephen L. Black, M. Katherine Spradley, Michelle D. Hamilton

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The discovery of two well preserved human crania in a crevice overlooking a spring fed creek near Austin, Texas, led to medico legal, archeological, and bioanthropological investigations aimed at understanding the context and biological affinity of the crania. Archeological excavations uncovered no evidence that the crania were interred in the crevice during prehistoric times. Skeletal analysis showed they were of Native American ancestry. Radiocarbon dating indicated they are contemporary to one another and probably date to the seventh or eighth century A.D. Measured stable isotopic rations of carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) …

Intensive Archeological Survey For The Proposed City Of Pflugerville Carmel-Sorento Interceptor Line And Force Main Relocation, Travis County, Texas, Haley Rush

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August and September 2015, an intensive archeological survey was completed in order to inventory and evaluate archeological resources within the footprint of proposed wastewater improvements east of Pflugerville in northern Travis County, Texas. The proposed improvements would occur along segments of two separate lines: an interceptor line and a re-routed segment of a previously analyzed force main line. The archeological area of potential effects (APE) includes the footprints of both segments, which cover a total area of approximately 6.2 hectares (ha) or 15.4 acres (ac). The interceptor line is approximately 2 miles or 3.2 kilometers (km) long and the …

Short Report On The Intensive Archeological Survey Of The City Of Austin’S Burleson Road Pressure Conversion Travis County, Texas, Gregg Cestaro, Shannon Smith, Keith Faz, Josh Haefner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Hicks & Company archeologists, working on behalf of K. Friese + Associates and the City of Austin (COA), recently conducted an archeological survey supplemented with shovel testing in undisturbed locations for the COA’s proposed Burleson Road Pressure Conversion project (Figure 1). According to current design plans, pipe will be installed through open-cut trenching with a northern terminus at East Riverside Drive and a southern terminus at Burleson Road within a 10 meter-wide construction corridor. From its northern terminus, the proposed alignment follows Grove Boulevard southward to Montopolis Drive, for an approximate distance of 1,355 meters. After which, the proposed alignment …

Archeological And Bioarcheological Investigations At Campbell’S Bayou Cemetery Galveston County, Texas, Catrina Whitley, Steven M. Hunt, Bill Hersch, Sharlene Allday, Duane E. Peter, Michelle Wurtz Penton, Karissa Basse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the removal of individuals buried within Campbell’s Bayou Cemetery (41GV171) to avoid potential impact to the remains during implementation of remediation activities at the Malone Service Company Superfund Site (Site) in Texas City, TX. An oil recovery and waste processing facility had operated at the Site for more than 30 years, ending in the mid1990s. The facility had stored, processed, and disposed of industrial solid wastes and hazardous wastes. In July 2012, a group of companies known as the Malone Cooperating Parties (MCP) entered into a Consent Decree with the U.S. Government, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, …

Archeological Resources Survey Of The Proposed Waco Riverwalk Extension (Phase 2a), Waco, Mclennan County, Texas, Joel Butler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the results of an archeological resource survey along a 0.66-mile segment of the proposed extension of the Waco Riverwalk, bridging the gap between Franklin Avenue and McLane Stadium, along the Brazos River in Waco, Texas. The survey was conducted in compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas under Permit No. 7429. Archeologists from AmaTerra Environmental, Inc. (AmaTerra) visually inspected the entire Area of Potential Effects and excavated nine shovel tests in support of the survey. One archeological site was discovered as a result of the survey (41ML308), which is recommended as ineligible for listing as a State …

Bexar County Courthouse Monitoring/Restoration, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Jason B. Perez, Paul Shawn Marceaux

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In October 2014 and February 2015, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted archaeological monitoring of the construction associated with Main Street, next to the Bexar County Courthouse, Bexar County, Texas. The archaeological investigations and construction monitoring were conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No. 7065 with Dr. Paul Shawn Marceaux serving as the Principal Investigator and Antonia Figueroa as the Project Archaeologist.

The goal of archaeological monitoring was to identify any historical properties or features that might be present in the project area. To achieve this goal, a CAR staff …

Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted During August 2015 Central Eagle Ford Zone Gonzales, De Witt, Karnes, And Wilson Counties, Phil Schoch, Reign Clark, Ron Ralph

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the month of August 2015, Goshawk Environmental Consulting, Inc. (Goshawk) conducted four cultural resources surveys within the Eagle Ford Play, Central Eagle Ford Zone at the request of EOG Resources, Inc. (EOG). The projects subjected to cultural resources investigations were the Winwood Unit #1H and #2H Access Road, Manchaca Unit #5H, #6H, #7H, #8H, #9H, and #10H Flowlines, Winona Unit #14 Gas Lift Line, and Allman-Fleetwood Unit Gas Lift Line. Unless otherwise noted, each Area of Potential Effect (APE) was a 75-foot (23-meter [m]) wide right-of-way (ROW) consisting of a 50-foot (15-m) wide permanent easement and a 25-foot (8-m) …

Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted During August 2015 South Eagle Ford Zone Atascosa, La Salle, And Mcmullen Counties, Phillip Schoch, Reign Clark, Ron Ralph

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the month of August 2015, Goshawk Environmental Consulting, Inc. (Goshawk) conducted one cultural resources survey within the Eagle Ford Play, South Eagle Ford Zone, at the request of EOG Resources, Inc. (EOG). The project area, the proposed Cuellar Unit Waterline, was subjected to cultural resources investigations. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) was a 75-foot (23-meter [m]) wide Right-of-Way (ROW) consisting of a 50-foot (15-m) wide permanent easement and a 25-foot (8-m) wide temporary construction easement. Investigations were conducted by Goshawk staff archeologist Phil Schoch with Bear Aspra. Phil Schoch served as primary author and Reign Clark served as …

Short Report On The Archeological Investigations For The City Of Domino’S Proposed New Water Treatment Plant, Cass County, Texas, Josh Haefner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May of 2015, on behalf of the Greater Texoma Utility Authority (GTUA) and the City of Domino (the City), Hicks & Company conducted an intensive archeological survey for the new wastewater treatment plant facility to be located just south of Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 3129, approximately 2,010 meters east of Domino in Cass County, Texas. The purpose of the proposed project is to upgrade current wastewater facilities, with the new treatment plant servicing up to 25,000 gallons of water per day as delivered by planned new sewer line. The City has received funding for the proposed project through a 2014 …

Archeological Resource Survey In Advance Of Proposed Improvements Of A Three-Mile Segment Of Blake Manor Road Travis County, Texas, Joel Butler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the results of an archeological resource survey along a three-mile segment of Blake Manor Road in advance of improvements involving road widening to enhance the overall safety and capacity of the roadway. The survey was conducted in compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas under Permit No. 7260. Archeologists from AmaTerra Environmental, Inc. (AmaTerra) visually inspected the entire Area of Potential Effects and excavated 108 shovel tests in support of the survey. No new archeological sites were discovered as a result of the survey, although two isolated artifacts were documented and one previously recorded site (41TV2009) was …

Archaeological Investigations Within San Pedro Springs Park (41bx19), San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Raymond Mauldin, Stephen Smith, Sarah Wigley, Antonia Figueroa, Clinton Mckenzie

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The University of Texas at San Antonio Center for Archaeological Research (UTSA-CAR) contracted with Adams Environmental, Inc. to provide archaeological services to Capital Improvement Management (CIMS) of the City of San Antonio (COSA) related to the archaeological investigation of selected areas of San Pedro Springs Park in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The CAR conducted archaeological testing at this National Register Site, 41BX19, from early December 2013 to mid-January of 2014. The goals of archaeological investigations were to identify and investigate any proto-historic and historic archaeological deposits associated with Colonial Period occupants of the area, including evidence of the first …

The Ransom And Sarah Williams Farmstead: Post-Emancipation Transitions Of An African American Family In Central Texas Vol. 2, Douglas K. Boyd, Aaron R. Norment, Terri Myers, Maria Franklin, Nedra Lee, Leslie L. Bush, Brian S. Shaffer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In conjunction with the proposed construction of the southwest segment of State Highway 45 in southern Travis County, the Texas Department of Transportation sponsored archeological testing and data recovery efforts at the Ransom Williams farmstead. Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted an interdisciplinary community-based historic archeological study of the farmstead from 2005 through 2011. Extensive archival research reveals that the 45-acre farm was owned and occupied by Ransom Williams and his wife Sarah, both former slaves, from about 1871 to ca. 1905. The Williams family lived in the predominantly white rural community of Bear Creek, but they had connections to the …

Eligibility Assessment Of The Slippery Slope Site (41ms69) In Txdot Right-Of-Way In Mason County, Texas, J. Michael Quigg, Paul M. Matchen, Charles D. Frederick, Robert A. Ricklis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A private landowner reported archeolgical materials were looted along a steep road cut on the southwestern side of Farm to Market (FM) road 1871 along the Llano River south of Mason, Texas (CSJ: 1111-04-002). The landowner was concerned that looting had undermined massive oak trees enough that they might fall directly onto the roadway below. The looting was occurring within Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) right-of-way and east of the existing fence line.

In June 2004, archeologists from the Planning, Permitting and Licensing Practice of TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC) Austin office conducted a site specific recording, geoarcheological investigation, and archeological …

Archeological Testing Of Txdot Right-Of-Way Through Site 41bl278, Bell County, Texas, J. Michael Quigg, Charles D. Frederick

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January 2004, Blanton & Associates, Inc., conducted an archeological survey of 8.5 hectares (21.1 acres) for a proposed roadway improvement and bridge replacement project (CSJ: 0396-04-059) along roughly 1,800 meters (m) of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) right-ofway where State Highway (SH) 317 crosses the Leon River in Bell County, Texas (Ringstaff 2004). That investigation consisted of three shovel tests, ten backhoe trenches, and five hand-excavated columns. Five backhoe trenches and the screened trench columns were excavated in the alluvial terrace on the southern side of the Leon River and encountered a single cultural component buried between 130 …

Archaeological Investigations At The Christopher Columbus Italian Society Property And Columbus Park: 41bx1968, The Possible First Site Of Mission San Antonio De Valero, Kristi Miller Nichols

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May of 2013, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio was contracted by the San Antonio Conservation Society (SACS) to explore the Spanish Colonial archaeological deposits and a feature that were recently identified in a lot owned by the Christopher Columbus Italian Society and next to the San Francesco di Paola Church in north-central San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Based on a number of historical descriptions, the deposits were thought to possibly be associated with the first location of Mission San Antonio de Valero that was established in 1718. Thirty-one shovel tests were …

Data Recovery Investigations: Murvaul Creek Site (41pn175), Panola County, Texas, Arlo Mckee, Charles D. Frederick, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Leslie L. Bush, Leonard Kemp, Brittney Gregory, Chad Yost, Linda Scott Cummings, Jeffrey R. Ferguson, Michael D. Glascock, Steve Tomka, Leslie G. Cecil, Caroline Masiello, Xiaodong Gao, Christopher Goodmaster, Virgil Beasley Iii

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report summarizes the archeological findings of the 2011 data recovery investigations at the Murvaul Creek site, 41PN175, in far northeastern Texas in Panola County. The site is located along Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 10 approximately 1 mile north of Gary, Texas (Figure 1). Geo-Marine, Inc. (GMI), performed this work under contract to the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division (TxDOT ENV) under the Texas Antiquities Permit Number 5879 (Work Authorization [WA] 579 06 SA005; WA 590 08 SA005; CSJ:1222-01-014; Geo-Marine project numbers 22005.00.06 and 22005.00.09). The fieldwork for this project was conducted in advance of the planned widening of …